Objective To investigate the growth, development and health status of primary and secondary school students in Xinzhou District of Wuhan, and analyze the detection and change trend of common diseases in primary and secondary school students, and to provide a basis for relevant departments to formulate prevention and control measures of common diseases in students. Methods The monitoring data of common diseases and health influencing factors of primary and secondary school students in Xinzhou District from 2019 to 2022 were analyzed and compared according to different genders, different grades and ages. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the data of detection rates of myopia, dental caries, obesity, malnutrition and abnormal spinal curvature. Results The overall detection rates of myopia, dental caries, malnutrition, obesity and abnormal spinal curvature were 57.00%, 58.45%, 4.60%, 14.91%, and 6.33%, respectively, in Xinzhou District from 2019 to 2022. The annual change rates were 7.22%, 15.10%, -2.72%, 13.29%, and 4.91%, respectively. The detection rates of myopia, dental caries, obesity and abnormal spinal curvature showed an increasing trend in each year (χ² ≥17.22, P<0.001). The detection rates of myopia and malnutrition increased with the increase of age and school level (both χ²≥42.37, P<0.001), while the opposite was true for the detection rates of dental caries and obesity (both χ²≥14.26, P<0.001). The detection rates of myopia and dental caries were higher in girls than in boys (both χ²≥33.66, P<0.001), while the detection rates of obesity and abnormal spinal curvature were higher in boys than in girls (both χ²≥8.22, P<0.005). The detection rates of myopia, dental caries, obesity and abnormal spinal curvature in 2019 were lower than those in 2020-2022 (χ²≥4.11, P<0.05), while the detection rates of malnutrition had decreased. Conclusion The growth, development and health status of primary and secondary school students in Xinzhou District are serious. The detection rate of common diseases such as myopia, dental caries, obesity and abnormal curvature of the spine is on the rise, which should be the focus of the surveillance work of common diseases in primary and secondary school students in the future, and comprehensive intervention measures are urgently needed to prevent and control these common diseases.

Occupational health technical service (OHTS) is one of the core contents in the technical support system of occupational disease prevention and control, and efficient management of OHTS institutions is necessary for improving the service ability. At present, OHTS institutions in China face several issues, such as uneven distribution in terms of quantity, function, unclear area coverage and roles and overlapping responsibilities among different types of institutions, and insufficient service capabilities with inconsistent service levels in some institutions. With the implementation of the national reform like the “separating permits from business license” and “delegate power, streamline administration and optimize government services"”policies, the management mode and operational approach of OHTS institutions have been profoundly changed. In light of this, five key recommendations are proposed to improve the management of OHTS institutions and enhance their management effectiveness, ensuring the sustainable development of national OHTS services. Firstly, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between national and provincial administrative levels in managing OHTS institutions to ensure their healthy and orderly development. Secondly, multiple measurements are taken to strengthen OHTS institutional capacity building to address regional disparities in technical capabilities and service quality. Thirdly, both technical capabilities and service quality should be focused on strengthening the supervision and management of OHTS institutions, preventing the decline of key conditions such as staffing, laboratories, equipment, and quality management after obtaining qualifications. Fourthly, “dual randomized- inspections and one open” and “internet+supervision” methods are used as basic tools for managing OHTS institutions operating across multiple provincial regions and enforcing cross-regional law. Fifthly, professional integrity of radiological health service institutions should be restored to effectively apply their technical advantages in their specialized fields.

Objective To investigate the changes of blood lipid and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in obese type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients and their relationship with insulin resistance (Homa-IR). Methods A total of 120 cases of T2DM newly diagnosed in Motuo County, Tibet from February to October 2022 were selected as the observation group. According to BMI, the patients were divided into diabetes normal weight group (46 cases), overweight group (43 cases) and obesity group (31 cases); 145 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The levels of HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were detected in the study subjects, and Homa-IR and Homa-β indices were calculated. The height, weight, and abdominal circumference were measured. The differences in the levels of the above indicators between the observation group patients and the control group, as well as among various subgroups within the observation group were compared. The influencing factors of Homa-IR in obese T2DM patients were analyzed. Results Compared with the control group, a significant increase in BMI, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, HbA1c, FBG, FINS, TC, TG, LDL-C, UA, visceral fat area, and the levels of Home-IR and Home-β was found in the observation group (all P<0.05). There were significant differences in BMI, abdominal circumference, and the levels of FINS, Homa IR, Homa-β, and HbA1c in diabetes patients with different BMI (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that TG levels in obese T2DM patients in the observation group were significantly correlated with HbA1c (r=0.396, P=0.027), Homa-IR (r=0.405, P=0.024), and Home-β (r=-0.401, P=0.025); LDL-C was significantly correlated with Homa-IR (r=0.411, P=0.022) and Homa-β (r=-0.412, P=0.021); HbA1c was significantly positively correlated with BMI (r=0.371, P=0.040). Conclusion Insulin resistance is closely related to TG, LDL-C, and BMI in obese T2DM patients from the Motuo ethnic minority of Tibet, suggesting that these factors may play a role in the occurrence of T2DM.

Objective:To investigate the expression of cGAS-STING signaling pathway molecules in labial gland specimen of primary Sj?gren′s syndrome (pSS) patients and its correlation with disease characteristics.Methods:Clinical data and labial gland specimens were collected from 19 patients diagnosed with pSS who visited Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2021 to December 2021, along with a control group of 7 gender-and age-matched individuals with isolated xerostomia.We performed immunofluorescence staining for cGAS on labial gland specimens, and Western blot analysis was further utilized to confirm the expression levels of cGAS-STING signaling pathway-related molecules (cGAS, pSTING, pIRF3 and pTBK1) in the labial gland tissues of both groups. For normally distributed data, t test was employed for comparison between groups, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used for non-normally distributed data. And Spearman's correlation analysis was utilized to explore the correlation between clinical characteristics and molecular expression levels. P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:Immun-ofluorescence analysis showed significant infiltration of cGAS-positive cells in the labial gland tissues of the pSS group, while the control group exhibited no or minimal expression of cGAS-positive cells and there was a statistical difference between the two groups ( t=3.87, P=0.001). Moreover, the expression level of cGAS in labial gland tissues of pSS patients had a positive correlation with the focus scores ( r=0.55, P=0.014). Western blot analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the expression of cGAS and pSTING between the pSS group and the control group in labial gland tissues (0.73±0.39 vs. 0.18±0.05, t=2.38, P=0.049 and 0.91±0.17 vs. 0.23±0.10, t=2.17, P=0.043). Additionally, a correlation between the expression levels of cGAS and pSTING in labial gland tissues was found according to Spearman correlation analysis ( r=0.823, P=0.001). However, there was no correlation between the expression level of cGAS in labial gland tissues and clinical features, serological indicators (IgG level, titer of rheumatoid factor, C3 level and autoantibody positive rate) or disease activity (EULAR Sj?gren′s syndrome disease activity index scores). Conclusion:The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is activated in the labial gland tissue of pSS patients, which may be involved in its pathogenesis.

Objective:To investigate the effect of capsaicin on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglial inflammatory response by modulating silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1(SIRT1)/high mobility group box-1 protein(HMGB1)/nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods:BV2 mouse microglia were cultured in vitro,and pretreated with capsaicin(10 μmol/L),SIRT1 inhibitor EX527(100 μmol/L),capsaicin+EX527(10 μmol/L capsaicin+100 μmol/L EX527)for 3 hours,and then treated with LPS(1 μg/ml)for 24 hours,the corresponding groups were LPS group,LPS+capsaicin group,LPS+EX527 group,and LPS+capsaicin+EX527 group,a normal cultured control group(Control)was also set up.Morphological changes of BV2 cells in each group were observed under a microscope;CCK-8 method was used to detect the viability of BV2 cells in each group;immunofluo-rescence staining was applied to detect the positive expressions of ionic calcium adaptor protein(Iba-1)and the polarization of M1(positive for CD16/32)/M2(positive for CD206)subtypes in BV2 cells in each group;ELISA was applied to detect levels of inflamma-tory factors in BV2 cells in each group;Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation were applied to detect expression of SIRT1/HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins in each group.Results:Compared with Control group,BV2 cells in LPS group were atro-phied,with shortened processes,the cell viability,and levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 were increased,Iba-1 positive expression of BV2 cells and M1 type BV2 cells were increased,while expression of SIRT1 protein was decreased,expressions of acetylated(ace)-HMGB1 protein,cytoplasmic HMGB1 protein and nuclear NF-κB protein were increased(P<0.05);after capsaicin pretreatment,the above conditions were improved,and the M2 type BV2 cells were increased;adding EX527 pretreatment on the basis of capsaicin pre-treatment,the above conditions were all aggravated.Conclusion:Capsaicin can inhibit the inflammatory response induced by LPS-in-duced BV2 cell activation,which may be achieved by modulating the SIRT1/HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective: To understand the current status of main professional work in independent school health departments of Chinese centers for disease control and prevention, so as to provide reference and suggestions for the further development of school health work in China. Methods: Electronic questionnaire was used to collect the basic work of school health, the monitoring work, the intervention action of common diseases and the development of health intervention among students in independent school health departments of centers for disease control and prevention in China. Results: Among the 357 institutions that have set up independent school health departments, the implementation rates of school mental health work, safety emergency and risk avoidance health intervention were low, which were 11.8% and 11.5%, respectively. Relying on the project "national monitoring and intervention of common diseases and health influencing factors of students", the overall implementation of health monitoring in schools nationwide was successful, but the overall implementation rate of students nutritional status monitoring and "healthy parents action" were low, accounting for 44.5% and 24.4%, respectively. At the same time, there were still as many as 27.2% institutions that had not carried out the intervention action for common diseases of students which advocated in the monitoring program. The failure rate of county level institutions was higher than that of provincial level and prefecture level institutions, and the failure rate of the central and western institutions was much higher than that of the eastern institutions; the difference was statistically significant( χ 2=30.1, 41.6, P <0.05). Conclusion We should increase support including policy preference, fund guarantee, technical guidance and so on for the school health work of disease control institutions at the grass roots level and in economically underdeveloped areas, so as to ensure the healthy growth of children and adolescents in all respects.

Objective: To learn about the construction and staffing of the school health system in Chinese institutions for disease prevention and control, and to provide basic information for the school health system, team capacity building and work development. Methods: Electronic questionnaire was used to collect the setting and staffing of school health departments (including school health centers and departments/rooms) at the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels in the centers for disease control and prevention. Statistical analysis was made on the proportion of school health, the number of staff and the characteristics such as age, education, major and working years in the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels. Results: Among the 3 313 institutions, the proportion of independent school health departments was 10.8%, and those of the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels were 74.2%, 15.0%, and 9.6%, respectively. Among the institutions with separated department, the average number of staff members was 4.4, while the number of staff was 2.5. The average age of school health workers was 40.4 years old, and the proportion of male and female employees was 45.2% and 54.8%. The proportion of personnel who have been engaged in school health work for less than 5 years on average was as high as 65.1%. The majors of the staff were mainly public health ( 40.4 %), 54.0% of the provincial staff had a master s degree or above, and 47.8% and 58.7% of the staff at the prefecture and county (district) levels were junior college or below respectively.The proportion of provincial level personnel with intermediate and senior titles was 69.6%, and the proportion of municipal and countylevel personnel at the junior level and below was 52.2% and 56.2% respectively. Conclusion The proportion of independent school health departments within centers of disease control and prevention across China was low. There is a serious shortage of school health personnel, and there are problems such as low levels of education and professional titles, especially in county (district) level institutions. It is urgent to strengthen the construction of the school health system of the centers for disease control and prevention in China.

Objective    To investigate the value of esophageal activity examination under X-ray fluoroscopy and chest CT in evaluating the resectability of upper thoracic esophageal cancer. Methods    A total of 221 upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma patients underwent radical operation between 2009 and 2015 in our hospital were enrolled, including 141 males and 80 females with a median age of 59 (47-79) years. Preoperative routine esophageal activity examination under X-ray fluoroscopy and chest enhanced CT were performed to determine whether the tumor had external invasion. The results of the two methods were compared with that observed during the operation. Results    The number of patients with esophageal activity score 1-6 was 70, 85, 32, 29, 2 and 3, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of esophageal activity examination was 0.897 (95%CI 0.85-0.93, P<0.001), and the cut off value was >3. According to the ROC curve activity score, 4-6 points were considered as invasion, and 1-3 points were non-invasion. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and misdiagnosis rate of esophageal activity examination was 75.0%, 89.3%, 88.2%, 10.7%, respectively, and those of CT scan were 75.0%, 66.8%, 67.4%, 33.2%, respectively. Compared with CT scan, the specificity of esophageal activity examination was higher and the misdiagnosis rate was lower. Compared with the detection during the operation, 86.7% of patients with actual invasion of trachea and 85.7% of patients with actual invasion of other parts were in accordance with the esophageal activity examination results. Conclusion    Esophageal activity examination under X-ray fluoroscopy can accurately predict the resectability of upper thoracic esophageal cancer, which is a useful supplement to chest CT examination, especially in the aspect of judging the relationship between lesions and the trachea.

Since the application of image-guided radiotherapy in clinical practice, cone-beam CT (CBCT) has become the most widely employed image-guided device. However, some problems remain to be cautioned in the application of CBCT, such as certain errors in the setup errors before and after the correction of CBCT, the failure of CBCT to correct dynamic changes, whether the influence of application frequency of CBCT on patients’ boundary of clinical target volume can be reduced, imaging conditions of CBCT lack of a certain degree of flexibility, and the effect of clinical value and application cost on the practicality of CBCT. Only by fully understanding the problems in CBCT application can CBCT be applied more reasonably and scientifically.

Objective:In the operation of esophageal cancer, nano carbon suspension was used for lymph tracing, and the effect of lymph tracing in different regions and its influence on prognosis were analyzed.Methods:From July 2013 to August 2014, 100 patients under esophageal cancer surgery in our department were analyzed. Randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 50 cases each. During the operation, nano carbon suspension was used to trace the lymph nodes in the experimental group, while conventional operation was only used in the control group. The general baseline data, the number of lymph nodes and positive lymph nodes in each region in the two groups were compared, the lymph node metastasis and survival were followed up, and the prognosis of the two groups were compared.Results:There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups( P>0.05). The average number of lymph nodes in the experimental group was 18.6 per case, and that in the control group was 15.1 per case. There was significant difference between the two groups( P=0.003). There was no significant difference in the number and degree of metastasis between the two groups( P=0.233, P=0.463). The effect of nano carbon suspension on tracing lymph nodes around the lower mediastinal esophagus was better. In the experimental group, 4.38 lymph nodes were removed in this area on average, 0.34 of which were metastatic lymph nodes. In the control group, 2.52 lymph nodes were removed in each case on average, 0.10 of which were metastatic lymph nodes. The comparison between the two groups was significantly higher than that of the control group( P=0.001, P=0.011 respectively). In the upper mediastinum, abdominal cavity and other mediastinal lymph nodes, there was no significant difference in the number of lymph nodes, the number of lymph nodes and the degree of metastasis between the two groups( P>0.05). The time of lymph node metastasis in the experimental group was significantly later than that in the control group( P=0.048, log rank test). There was no significant difference in survival time between the two groups( P=0.692, log rank test) . Conclusion:The results show that the nano carbon suspension has a good effect on the lymph node tracing during the operation of esophageal cancer, and the effect on the lymph node tracing around the lower mediastinal esophagus is better.In the area close to the lung drainage area, the tracer effect is poor, and it has certain effect in reducing or delaying lymph node metastasis.