Objective:To explore the construction of abdominal aortocaval fistula (ACF) model in adenine-induced renal failure rats, and to provide a suitable animal model for subsequent mechanism and intervention researches.Methods:Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were fed with 0.75% adenine diet (renal failure group, n=60) and the same diet without adenine (control group, n=10) for 4 weeks, and the rats were randomly grouped by block randomization method with a ratio of 6∶1. Thirty rats in the renal failure group were randomly selected by block randomization method at a ratio of 1∶1 to undergo laparotomies to establish ACF models (renal failure+ACF group). The serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen detection and Masson staining were used to evaluate the establishment of renal failure model. Small animal ultrasound imaging system was applied to verify the successful construction of the ACF model. After 6 weeks of ACF observation, blood samples were collected from the heart of rats, and ACF-vascular tissues were collected for pathological study (HE staining). Results:At 4 weeks of feeding, compared with the control group, serum creatinine [(63.8±23.5) μmol/L vs. (33.0±3.8) μmol/L, Z=3.651, P<0.001] and blood urea nitrogen [(13.1±6.9) mmol/L vs. (5.3±0.6) mmol/L, Z=3.254, P=0.001] in the renal failure group were both higher. Masson staining showed renal tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, renal tubular epithelial cell atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and vascular injury. Five rats sacrificed after ACF surgeries, and the survival rate was 83.3%. Doppler ultrasound showed turbulent blood flow of arterial to venous shunt at the anastomosis of open ACF (23/25) in the renal failure+ACF group. HE staining showed typical eccentric neointimal hyperplasia in the outflow tract of ACF vein in the renal failure+ACF group. Conclusions:The adenine-induced ACF rat model is successfully constructed, and ACF shows typical eccentric neointimal hyperplasia. The ACF construction would provide a reliable animal model to study the mechanism and intervention of neointimal hyperplasia for autologous arteriovenous fistula.

Background::Given that seizures may be triggered by vaccination, this study aimed to evaluate the risk and correlative factors of seizures in patients with epilepsy (PWE) after being vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods::This study retrospectively enrolled PWE who were vaccinated against COVID-19 in the epilepsy centers of 11 hospitals in China. We divided the PWE into two groups as follows: (1) patients who developed seizures within 14 days of vaccination were assigned to the SAV (with seizures after vaccination) group; (2) patients who were seizure-free within 14 days of vaccination were assigned to the SFAV (seizure-free after vaccination) group. To identify potential risk factors for seizure reccurence, the binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Besides, 67 PWE who had not been vaccinated were also included for elucidating the effects of vaccination on seizures recurrence, and binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether vaccination would affect the recurrence rate of PWE who had drug reduction or withdrawal.Results::The study included a total of 407 patients; of which, 48 (11.8%) developed seizures within 14 days after vaccination (SAV group), whereas 359 (88.2%) remained seizure-free (SFAV group). The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that duration of seizure freedom ( P < 0.001) and withdrawal from anti-seizure medications (ASMs) or reduction in their dosage during the peri-vaccination period were significantly associated with the recurrence of seizures (odds ratio= 7.384, 95% confidence interval = 1.732–31.488, P = 0.007). In addition, 32 of 33 patients (97.0%) who were seizure-free for more than three months before vaccination and had a normal electroencephalogram before vaccination did not have any seizures within 14 days of vaccination. A total of 92 (22.6%) patients experienced non-epileptic adverse reactions after vaccination. Binary logistic regression analysis results showed that vaccine did not significantly affect the recurrence rate of PWE who had the behavior of ASMs dose reduction or withdrawal ( P = 0.143). Conclusions::PWE need protection from the COVID-19 vaccine. PWE who are seizure-free for >3 months before vaccination should be vaccinated. Whether the remaining PWE should be vaccinated depends on the local prevalence of COVID-19. Finally, PWE should avoid discontinuing ASMs or reducing their dosage during the peri-vaccination period.

Antifungal agents have shown good efficacy and tolerability in the general population. However, the antifungal treatment remains a great challenge in some special populations due to their special conditions, such as children, the elderly, pregnant women and patients with hepatic insufficiency. This review summarizes recommendations for the use of common antifungal agents in the above special populations.

Objective: To investigate the current situation of clinical nurses′ caring behavior and patients′ perception of caring, to understand the level of nursing care behavior and analyze the influencing factors, and to discuss the relationship between patients′ perception of caring and clinical nurses′ caring behavior. Methods: The convenience sampling method was used to investigate clinical nurses and inpatients from October to December 2018. The Caring Behavior Checklist was used to observe nurses' nursing care behavior, and the Client Perception of Caring Scale was used to investigate patients' perception of Caring. Results: A total of 132 clinical nurses were observed and 132 patients were investigated. The score of verbal caring behavior was (3.36±1.44) points (out of a possible 7 points), and the score of non-verbal caring behavior was (2.33±1.07) points (out of a possible 5 points).The overall score of Caring Behavior Checklist was (5.70±2.03) points (out of a possible 12 points). Nurses aged 26-35 (6.42±2.07) points had a higher level of nursing care behavior than nurses of other age groups, and the difference was statistically significant (F=3.902, P<0.05).N1 nurses had a higher level of nursing care behavior than nurses at other levels, it was (7.72±2.30) points, and the difference was significant (F=14.290, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in caring behavior level among nurses with different gender, departments, education backgrounds, academic titles and nursing ages (P>0.05). The overall score of Client Perception of Caring Scale was (43.49 ±3.84) (out of a possible 60 points), and there was a high positive correlation between client perception of caring and nursing care behavior (r=0.720, P<0.05). Conclusions The level of clinical nurses′ caring behavior is low, and the training of caring knowledge, belief and behavior should be carried out to promote nurses′ caring behavior, so as to further improve client perception of caring.

Objective We aimed to identify key genes and pathways of airway epithelial cells involved in bronchial asthma by comparing genetic information in the databases for patients with bronchial asthma and normal people. Methods To find differentially expressed genes (DEGs), mRNA microarray dataset, GSE43696, of airway epithelial cells in asthma was analyzed by GE02R. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for DEGs using the DAVID database. The protein-protein interaction networks were established using STRING to identify key genes and important complexes. Results A total of 355 DEGs were identified; of which, 130 were up-regulated and 225, down-regulated. The genes identified were involved in cell movement, growth factor binding, and ion channel activity. Nine key genes were recognized, including BDNF, ERBB2 IL6, VEGFA, KIT, ADCY4, PRKAR2B, CCR6, and NMU. Conclusion All nine key genes identified play important roles in asthma and serve as potential targets for treatment of bronchial asthma.

To screen the illegal substances in fishery inputs,we established the database including the precursor and the daughter ions for these possible components by the quadrupole/orbit-trap mass spectrometer,and the retention time of each drug on the same chromatographic column.And then,the extracted and diluted samples were analyzed and the components in the real samples were identified under the same conditions.Chromatographic analysis was performed on an Accucore RP-MS column (100 mm × 2.1 mm,2.6 μm) using gradient elution with 0.1％ formic acid in water and 0.1％ formic acid in acetonitrile as mobile phase.Elutes were ionized through heatable electrospray ionization (HESI) in both positive and negative mode simultaneously.Data acquisition was conducted by Full-scan ddMS2 (TopN) mode,in which the full mass profile for a continuous precursor ion injection and the fragments of each high abundant precursor of targeted were acquired with excellent time and mass resolution.Screening was carried out through comparison of the information of real samples with that of standards in the database,which were processed by software (Tracefinder).The Quantification of each component was analyzed based on the precursor ion chromatography acquired by orbit-trap mass spectroscopy,which showed a good linearity between 0.01-1 μg/mL,with R＞0.98.The method was validated by checking its minimum screening concentration (0.5 mg/L for drugs and 5 mg/L for feedstuffs) and evaluating the recovery after addition of the standard mixture in real samples (＞50％,under the addition of 10 and 100 mg/kg).The results for 68 practical samples demonstrated the effective performance of this method for screening with high-throughput,rapidness and acceptable minimum screening concentration and accuracy,in which 15 of 29 fishery drug samples were screened out for positive components that were not indicated in their labels.

Objective To evaluate the effects of continued grateful emotion after discharge on the long-term positive experience and care burden of spouses of patients with brain tumors.Methods Totally 114 patients with brain tumor were selected as the research objects from October 2015 to October 2016. Random number table was used and all patients were randomly divided into the control group (n=56) and the observation group (n=58). Patients in the control group received routine health education and guidance, and two emotional emotional interventions were given to patients during the hospital; while patients in the observation group received increased emotional interventions according to the care burden of spouses of patients. The positive experience and care burden of two groups of spouses were evaluated by Caregiver Positive Experience Scale (PAC) and Caregiver's Burden Scale (CBI) 2 months, 3 months, and 6 months after discharge.Results There was no significant difference in positive experience and care burden of spouses between two groups (P>0.05); 3 months and 6 months after discharge, the scores of positive experience and care burden of spouses in the observation group were [(36.76±4.13), (36.71±4.21)]and [(27.07±4.62), (27.62±4.47)], and they were significantly better than those of the control group [(54.5±3.25),(25.36±3.17)and (54.75±6.27), (54.01±6.21)], the differences were statistically significant (t=7.847-8.587,P<0.05).Conclusions Emotional intervention during hospitalization can effectively improve the positive experience and care burden of spouses of patients. After discharge, emotional intervention can provide outpatient nursing care for the spouses of patients. There is a better long-term effect in improving the positive experience and care burden of spouses of brain tumor patients.

Objective To evaluate the effects of apolipoprotein-J(ApoJ)on hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)induced neonatal rat ventricular cells(NRVCs)injury and its related signaling pathways.Methods ApoJ high expression was achieved by infection with recombinant adenovirus in NRVCs.The three gas incubator was used to establish H/R model,SOD mimetic Mn(Ⅲ) tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride and eIF2α dephosphory inhibitor Salubrinal were performed the pretreatment.The NRVCs were divided into four groups:normal control group,H/R,ApoJ group,ApoJ+ H/R group,Mn(Ⅲ)TBAP+H/R group and Salubrinal +-H/R group.The cell viability was measured by MTT assay;the leakages of LDH,the expression of SOD and caspase-3/7 activity were detected by ELISA.The protein expression levels of ApoJ,Nox2/gp91phox,caspase-12,CHOP,and the phosphorylation level of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(eIF2α)were determined by Western blot.Results ApoJ protein in myocardial cells was highly expressed after infection by recombinant adenoviru.Compared with the control group,the cell viability and the activity of SOD were significantly decreased,the leakages of LDH and the activity of caspase-3/7 were increased in the H/R group,the pro tein expression level of Nox2/gp91phox,caspase-12 and CHOP and the phosphorylation level of eIF2α were increased.Compared with the H/R group,the leakages of LDH and the activity of caspase-3/7 in the ApoJ overexpression group,Mn(Ⅲ)TBAP group and Salubirnal group were significantly decreased.ApoJ overexpression significantly increased the cell viability and the activity of SOD.Moreover,the protein expression level of Nox2/gp91phox,caspase-12 and CHOP were significantly decreased,while the phosphorylation level of eIF2α was markedly increased.Conclusion ApoJ alleviates H/R induced myocardial cellular injury by antioxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen on post - cardiac arrest brain injury in rabbits.Method Sixty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups,namely experiment group ( group A,n =30 ) and control group ( group B,n =30 ).Inhalation of 2％ hydrogen gas was conferred to rabbits immediately at the end of cardiac arrest modeling for 72 hours in the group A. Air instead was given to rabbits in the group B.Blood samples were collected before cardiac arrest (CA),and 4,12,24 and 72 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in all rabbits for determining the levels of hydrogen,tumor necrosis factor - α ( TNF - α),neuron - specific enolase (NSE) and protein S100β.At the same time,rectal temperature,mean arterial pressure,heart rate and respiration rate were recorded,and the neurologic deficit scoring (NDS) was carried out.The rate of systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( SIRS ) and the rate of survival of rabbits were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in level of TNF - α activation between group A and group B within12 h of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).In group A,TNF - α level and the rate of SIRS peaked at 24 hours after CPR,which were higher than those in group B,and then decreased gradually,and the rate of survival was higher than that in group B in 72 hours after ROSC,the NSE was lower than that in group B at 24 hours after ROSC.In group B,S100β level began to increase significantly 4 hours after CPR,which was higher than that in group A,the level of NDS in group B was higher than that in group A 72 hours after ROSC.Conclusions Inhalation of hydrogen gas lessened inflammation and alleviated the brain injury after CPR.

Objective To establish the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of serum alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) antibody and evaluate its role in its diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis( AIH ). Methods The reactivity between yeast ADH and human anti-ADH serum antibody was tested by Western blot analysis. ELISA was established using yeast ADH. The method was applied in serums of 67 AIH patients,94 primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) patients, 199 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 132 chronic hepatitis(CHC) patients, 24 alcohol hepatitis disease(ALD) patients, 99 connective tissue disease(CTD) patients and 31 healthy individuals. The positive rate of ADH antibody in the patients and healthy individuals was measured. The χ2 test was used to compare the positive rates. Results The ELISA method for detecting human anti-ADH serum antibody was established successfully and the optimum reaction conditions were defined. Western blot showed that yeast ADH has cross reactivity with human anti-ADH antibody. The positive rate of anti-ADH antibody in the AIH group [59. 7% ,40/67 ] was higher than that in the normal control group(0,χ2 = 31. 271 ,P <0. 05), PBC group (6. 4% ,χ2 =54. 492,P <0. 05), CHB group( 14. 1% ,χ2 =54. 848,P <0. 05) ,CHC group(21.2% ,χ2 = 29.269,P<0.05), ALl) group ( 25. 0% ,χ2 =8.512,P <0.05)and CTD group ( 43. 4% ,χ2 =4.229, P <0. 05). Conclusions Compared with the PBC, CHB, CHC, ALD and CTD group, the anti-ADH antibody positive rate in the serums of AIH was significantly increased. The antibody may be helpful to the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis.