Objective: To explore the effect of YTH domain family protein 1(YTHDF1) on the activation, proliferation and migration of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) by regulating mitochondrial fission mediated by mitochondrial fission protein 1(Fis1). Methods: The mouse hepatic stellate cell line JS-1 was treated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h to induce its activation and proliferation, andYTHDF1-siRNA was used to construct aYTHDF1silencing model.The experiment was divided into Control group, TGF-β1 group, TGF-β1+si-NC group and TGF-β1+si-YTHDF1 group.Expression changes ofYTHDF1,Fis1and key indicators of fibrosis, type Ⅰ collagen(CollagenⅠ) and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) were detected through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and Western blot; CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation ability; Transwell migration assay and cell scratch assay were used to detect cell migration ability; immunofluorescence staining experiment was used to detect the effect ofYTHDF1onFis1-mediated mitochondrial fission; finally, JC-1 staining was used to experimentally detect the effect ofYTHDF1on mitochondrial membrane potential. Results: Compared with the Control group, RT-qPCR and Western blot experimental results showed that the expression ofYTHDF1andFis1increased in the TGF-β1 group(P<0.05,P<0.01;P<0.000 1), as well as the fibrosis markersCollagenⅠand the expression level of α-SMA increased(P<0.01;P<0.001,P<0.000 1); while adding CCK-8, the experimental results showed that the proliferation ability of HSCs in the TGF-β1 group was enhanced(P<0.000 1); Transwell experimental results showed that the migration ability of HSCs in the TGF-β1 group was enhanced(P<0.01); the cell scratch experiment results showed that the migration ability of HSCs in the TGF-β1 group was enhanced(P<0.000 1); the immunofluorescence experiment results showed that the TGF-β1 group Mito-Tracker Red staining andFis1co-localization signal increased(P<0.05); JC-1 staining experiment results showed that the mitochondrial membrane potential increased in the TGF-β1 group(P<0.01). Compared with the TGF-β1+si-NC group, RT-qPCR and Western blot experimental results showed that the expression ofYTHDF1andFis1in the TGF-β1+si-YTHDF1 group was reduced(P<0.01;P<0.001), and fibrosis markers the levels ofCollagenⅠandα-SMAwere reduced(P<0.01;P<0.001,P<0.01).CCK-8 experimental results showed that the proliferation ability of HSCs in the TGF-β1+si-YTHDF1 group was weakened(P<0.000 1); Transwell experiment results showed that the migration ability of HSCs in the TGF-β1+si-YTHDF1 group was weakened(P<0.001); cell scratch experiment results showed that the migration ability of HSCs in the TGF-β1+si-YTHDF1 group was weakened(P<0.000 1); immunofluorescence experiment results showed that the Mito-Tracker Red staining andFis1co-localization signal decreased in the TGF-β1+si-YTHDF1 group(P<0.01); JC-1 staining experiment results showed that mitochondrial membrane potential decreased in the TGF-β1+si-YTHDF1 group(P<0.05). Conclusion YTHDF1promotes the activation, proliferation and migration capabilities of HSCs by positively regulatingFis1-mediated mitochondrial fission. This suggests thatYTHDF1may be a key gene involved in regulating the activation, proliferation and migration of HSCs.

The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement aims to enhance the quality of reporting for randomized controlled trial (RCT) by providing a minimum item checklist. It was first published in 1996, and updated in 2001 and 2010, respectively. The latest version was released in April 2025, continuously reflecting new evidence, methodological advancements, and user feedback. CONSORT 2025 includes 30 essential checklist items and a template for a participant flow diagram. The main changes to the checklist include the addition of 7 items, revision of 3 items, and deletion of 1 item, as well as the integration of multiple key extensions. This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the statement, aiming to help clinical trial staff, journal editors, and reviewers fully understand the essence of CONSORT 2025, correctly apply it in writing RCT reports and evaluating RCT quality, and provide guidance for conducting high-level RCT research in China.

In recent years, with the continuous development and increasing maturity of interventional techniques, interventional treatment for congenital heart disease (CHD) has been progressively disseminated to county- and city-level hospitals in China. Concurrently, the standardized management of adult CHD (particularly patent foramen ovale) and the lifelong management of complex CHD are gaining increasing clinical attention, while the emergence of new techniques and products continuously advances the discipline. This article aims to review the new progress made in the field of interventional treatment for congenital heart disease in China during 2024. It specifically reviews and analyzes the following key aspects: (1) annual statistics on interventional closure procedures for CHD; (2) recent insights into patent foramen ovale closure; (3) advances in transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement; (4) interventional treatment and lifelong management strategies for complex CHD; (5) new interventional techniques for acquired heart disease; and (6) the application of artificial intelligence in CHD management. Through the synthesis and discussion of these topics, this article seeks to provide a detailed analysis of the current landscape of interventional treatment for CHD in China and project its future development trends.

Background Permethrin is a commonly used pyrethroid insecticide and has been found to be potentially neurotoxic. Microglia are innate immune cells in the central nervous system and are involved in the development of a range of neurodegenerative diseases. Objective To observe possible toxic effects of permethrin on human microglia clone 3 (HMC3) in vitro and explore associated mechanism. Methods HMC3 were treated with 0, 10, 25, and 55 μmol·L⁻¹ permethrin for 72 h. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured using flow cytometry. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), cyclin B2 (CCNB2), cellular tumor antigen p53 (p53), factor-related apoptosis (FAS), caspase 3 (CASP3), and H2A histone family member X (H2AX) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The differential genes and enrichment pathways of HMC3 after 0 and 25 μmol·L⁻¹ permethrin treatment was analyzed by RNA sequencing. HMC3 was treated by 0, 10, 25, and 55 μmol· L⁻¹ permethrin for 72 h. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in the supernatant was detected using Griess reagent. The secretion level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (including MAPK1, MAPK8, and MAPK14), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) families (including MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9) were detected by qPCR. The protein expressions of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP1 were detected by Western blot. Results HMC3 was arrested in G2/M phase after 0, 10, 25, and 55 μmol·L⁻¹ permethrin treatment for 72 h, of which there was a statistically significant difference between the 55 μmol·L⁻¹ permethrin treatment group and the control group (P<0.01), and the mRNA expression of CDKN1A was up-regulated according to the qPCR (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportions of apoptosis between the groups (P＞0.05). The RNA sequencing showed that the differential genes were enriched in the MAPK pathway, and the mRNA expressions of MAPK1, MAPK8, and MAPK14 were up-regulated after the permethrin treatment at 55 μmol·L⁻¹ compared to the control group by qPCR (P<0.05). The Western blot revealed that, compared to the control group, the levels of p-p38 and p-ERK were increased after the 10 μmol·L⁻¹ permetrin treatment (P<0.05), the p-ERK level was increased after the 25 μmol·L⁻¹ permetrin treatment (P<0.05), and the p-p38 level was up-regulated after the 55 μmol·L⁻¹ permetrin treatment (P<0.05). The secretion of NO in the supernatant of HMC3 increased after permetrin treatment compared to the control group (P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expressions and the secretion of IL-6 showed an upward trend, the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β were up-regulated (P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expressions of MMP1 were up-regulated in the 25 and 55 μmol·L⁻¹ permethrin groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Permethrin inhibits HMC3 cell proliferation in vitro, induces cell cycle arrest, activates MAPK pathway, and promotes the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β and MMP1, which may be one of the mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by permethrin.

The conventional noninvasive biological current detection such as electrocardiogram, electroencephalography and surface electromyography can provide electrical reference for diseases diagnosis. Because the bioelectrical signals are the mixed result of the common discharge of sell populations, the spatial resolution of the above bioelectrical detection is relatively limited. In recent years, the acoustoelectric imaging (AEI) has been introduced to spatially code biological current through noninvasive focused ultrasound. Then the electrical signal with precise focus position can be obtained. It can achieve noninvasive detection of biological electrical signals with millimeter-level spatial resolution and millisecond-level temporal resolution which is expected to develop into a new imaging technology for accurately detecting deep electrical activities of living organisms. We firstly describe AEI principle, including acoustoelectric effect and the derivation of acoustoelectric signal equation. Then we briefly introduce characteristics of acoustoelectric signal. It can be seen from the equation of acoustoelectric signal that the acoustoelectric signal depends on the current field and the ultrasonic field. Furtherly, the typical studies of AEI are introduced including acoustoelectric coupling mechanism, AEI methods, acoustoelectric brain imaging (ABI) and acoustoelectric cardiac imaging (ACI). In terms of the acoustoelectric coupling mechanism, the researchers found that the acoustoelectric effect of electrolyte solution is caused by the change of ion molar concentration, ion migration rate and ion viscosity with pressure and temperature, and the acoustoelectric effect coefficient of normal saline is accurate to (0.034±0.003)% MPa^–1. In terms of AEI methods, researchers improved the detection sensitivity, spatial resolution, signal to noise ratio and other performance indicators by improving AEI methods and optimizing AEI systems. In terms of ABI, it can utilize the acoustoelectric coupling mechanism to endow the target area with spatial features of ultrasound, and achieve noninvasive high resolution EEG detection. We review the important research achievements and significance layer by layer from the perspectives of feasibility verification, method system optimization, and clinical application exploration in acoustoelectric imaging. In terms of ACI, it can be used to quantitatively evaluate the spatial distribution and dynamic changes of cardiac current field, providing a new idea for real-time monitoring of cardiac electrophysiological state before and after surgery. We summarize and review the important research achievements and significance of ACI at each stage: in phantom, in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we discuss the future research direction by focusing on the challenges faced by key technical links such as focused ultrasound targeting, ultrasonic spatial coding and decoding, acoustoelectric sensing detection, and imaging system integration, in order to provide basis and inspiration for AEI technology system and clinical transformation.

As the country with the largest number of new cancer cases and deaths,China faces a serious situation with a large cancer population base,low relative survival rate,and low adherence to cancer screening.Neighboring Japan,which has the longest life expectancy in the world,has a much higher relative survival rate than China,despite having a similarly high cancer rate,due to its well-established system of cancer prevention and control.Being an Asian country,the major prevalent cancers in China and Japan are similar in spectrum and can be referred to more.This article introduces the construction of Japan's cancer life-cycle prevention and control system of"cancer prevention","cancer care",and"coexistence with cancer"starting from the three major goals of Japan's cancer prevention and control program,and focuses on the improvement of cancer screening in Japan and the improvement of cancer survival in China.It also highlights the means and methods used to increase the cancer screening rate in Japan,with a view to providing suggestions for cancer prevention and control in China.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

Schistosomiasis was once hyper-endemic in Yunnan Province. Following concerted efforts for over 70 years, remarkable achievements have been made for schistosomiasis control in the province. In 2004, the Mid- and Long-term Plan for Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control in Yunnan Province was initiated in Yunnan Province, and the target for transmission control of schistosomiasis was achieved in the province in 2009. Following the subsequent implementation of the Outline for Key Projects in Integrated Schistosomiasis Control Program (2009—2015) and the 13th Five - year Plan for Schistosomiasis Control in Yunnan Province, no acute schistosomiasis had been identified in Yunnan Province for successive 12 years, and no local Schistosoma japonicum infections had been detected in humans, animals or Oncomelania hupensis snails for successive 6 years in the province by the end of 2020. The transmission of schistosomiasis was interrupted in Yunnan Province in 2020. This review summarizes the history of schistosomiasis, changes in schistosomiasis prevalence and progress of schistosomiasis control in Yunnan Province, and proposes the future priorities for schistosomiasis control in the province.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly fatal disease which originated from pancreatic epithelial and acinar cells, and the survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients is only about 12%. Approximately 95% of pancreatic cancer presents as ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Pancreatic cancer is characterized by high aggressiveness, rapid progression and progression, and high resistance to treatment. Common somatic mutated genes in the early stage of pancreatic cancer include KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53, and SMAD4. Most pancreatic cancer patients are affected by environmental risk factors such as age, sex and diet. Malignant pancreatic cancer is associated with non-invasive, preneoplastic lesions that are thoughted to be precursors, such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and mucinous cystadenoma (MCN). In recent years, people have gradually improved the therapy and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, and the contribution of imaging technology, which enhancing the usage of minimally invasive pancreatectomy that typically includes pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy. However, combined administration of the chemotherapeutic gemcitabine and erlotinib is still considered a potential first-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer, but the development of chemoresistance often leads to poor therapeutic outcomes. Based on the current research progress for pancreatic cancer, its treatment currently remains one of the most important challenges in the medical field. Although some new treatment options have been provided, there were minor clinical success achieved and therefore new safe and effective therapies of pancreatic cancer are still an urgent need for patients. Among these new therapies for pancreatic cancer, short peptide-based treatment protocols have attracted great attention. Peptide is a compound formed by linking α-amino acids together in peptide chains. It is also an intermediate product of proteolysis. The short peptide-based therapy has many advantages such as precise targeting, easy preparation and low toxicity. Short peptides usually act as tumor suppressors by targeting and recognizing tumor-specific expressed proteins. Currently, there is an increased interest in peptides in pharmaceutical and development research, and approximate 140 peptide therapeutics are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. These peptides provide excellent prospects for targeted drug delivery because of their high selectivity, specificity and simplicity of modification. Peptides have high bioactivity and excellent biodegradability. Clinically, short peptides are increasingly used as combination drugs with chemotherapy for tumor treatment. Peptides can induce cancer cell death by numerous mechanisms and peptides have emerged as a promising drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Here we mainly review the roles of peptides on Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, autophagy, and the use of peptides as tracer in pancreatic cancer. We also analyzed the benefits and disadvantages existing in the development process of short peptides, which provide the feasibility of targeted short peptides to become new therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy.

Objective:To analyze clinical characteristics of primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) patients.Methods:Clinical features of 22 patients diagnosed as PPL admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2002 to May 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The median age was 56.4±13.3 years. The median time from onset to diagnosis was 1.0 (1.0, 3.0) months. The main clinical manifestations were abdominal pain (15/22), weight loss (14/22) and jaundice (10/22). Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed in 15/20 (75%) patients. Only 2 (2/9, 22.2%) patients had increased CA199 levels and 2 (2/9, 22.2%) patients had increased CEA levels. The maximum tumor diameter was 5.0 (3.8, 6.9) cm. Contrast-enhanced CT mostly showed low enhancement lesions. Major pancreatic duct dilatation were rare on CT scan (4/20). Fifteen patients were confirmed by pancreatic pathology, of which 8 were obtained by surgery, 4 were obtained by CT or ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy, and 3 were obtained by EUS-FNA. The main pathological type was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (14/22). 19 patients received chemotherapy, and 6 patients died with a median follow-up of 5.0 (1.5, 35.5) months.Conclusions:PPL is rare and easy to be misdiagnosed. Elevated LDH levels, normal tumor markers, and non-dilatation of main pancreatic duct are important diagnostic clues. It is important to obtain pathology by EUS-FNA and other methods for definite diagnosis.