italic>Salvia apiana Jepson, commonly known as white sage, is a perennial sub-shrub of the Salvia genus in the Lamiaceae family with a long medicinal history. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of S. apiana was sequenced using PacBio HiFi third-generation sequencing technology. The physical map of the genome was constructed, and the sequence structure features, codon preference, and repetitive sequences were analyzed. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome and phylogenetic evolution with closely related species within the same genus was conducted. The chloroplast genome of S. apiana was found to have a length of 151 701 bp (GenBank accession number: OR389048), with a typical quadripartite structure and a GC content of 38.06%. A total of 132 genes were annotated, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Among them, 17 genes contained introns, and 18 genes were present in duplicate copies. Codon preference analysis revealed a preference for codons ending with A or U. Analysis of repetitive structures in the S. apiana chloroplast genome identified 170 simple sequence repeat (SSR) sites and 65 scattered repeat sequences, with the majority of SSR sites composed of A and T. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genomes of 21 species within the same genus showed that S. apiana is most closely related to Salvia hispanica Ettling. ex Willk. & Lange, Salvia leucantha Cav., and Salvia tiliifolia Vahl. Comparative analysis of the chloroplast genomes revealed slight contraction and expansion of the inverted repeat (IR) boundaries in S. apiana, as well as multiple highly variable regions in the chloroplast genome sequence. This study establishes a method for de novo assembling the chloroplast genome of S. apiana using third-generation sequencing data and provides a comprehensive analysis of its chloroplast genome, which can serve as a theoretical basis for studies on chloroplast genetic engineering, genetic diversity analysis, molecular breeding, and species identification.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression.Methods An open,single-arm,multi-center design was adopted in our study.Adult patients with mild and moderate depression who had received acute treatment of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides were enrolled and continue to receive Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules for 24 weeks,the dose remained unchanged during continuation treatment.The remission rate,recurrence rate,recurrence time,and the change from baseline to endpoint of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Clinical Global Impression-Severity(CGI-S)and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale(ASEX)were evaluated.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was reported.Results The scores of HAMD-17 at baseline and after treatment were 6.60±1.87 and 5.85±4.18,scores of HAMA were 6.36±3.02 and 4.93±3.09,scores of CGI-S were 1.49±0.56 and 1.29±0.81,scores of ASEX were 15.92±4.72 and 15.57±5.26,with significant difference(P＜0.05).After continuation treatment,the remission rate was 54.59％(202 cases/370 cases),and the recurrence rate was 6.49％(24 cases/370 cases),the recurrence time was(64.67±42.47)days.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 15.35％(64 cases/417 cases).Conclusion Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules can be effectively used for the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression,and are well tolerated and safe.

Objective To observe the influence of thymosin α1 injection combined with capecitabine and oxaliplatin(XELOX)regimen on circulating tumor cell(CTC)and serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and CA125 levels in patients with colorectal cancer surgery.Methods Patients who received laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer were divided into control group and treatment group by adopting cohort method.The control group was treated with XELOX regimen adjuvant chemotherapy;and on the 1st day,135 mg·m-2of oxaliplatin was intravenously dripped for 3 h;and capecitabine tablets were taken orally at 1 000 mg·m-2 twice a day for 2 weeks and discontinued for 1 week.On the basis of the treatment in the control group,the treatment group was added with subcutaneous injection of 1.6 mg of thymosin α1 once a day.Both groups were treated for 6 courses with 3 weeks as a course of treatment.CTC count,serum tumor markers,peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets,serum inflammatory factors,quality of life,safety and progression-free survival rate and overall survival rate at 2 years after surgery were compared between groups.Results Finally,56 cases in treatment group and 50 cases in control group were included.The progression-free survival rates in treatment group and control group at 2 years after surgery were 87.50％(49 cases/56 cases)and 70.00％(35 cases/50 cases),respectively(P＜0.05).After treatment,the CTC counts in treatment group and control group were 1.21±0.39 and 1.52±0.46;serum CEA levels were(18.52±4.17)and(23.26±4.84)μg·L-1;the CA19-9 levels were(63.94±10.22)and(69.73±12.35)U·L-1;the CA125 level were(40.66±9.29)and(46.79±10.24)U·L-1;the peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ratios were(1.38±0.18)and(1.24±0.16);serum interleukin-6(IL-6)levels were(32.04±5.57)and(37.26±6.18)ng·L-1;tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)levels were(43.96±4.83)and(51.83±5.97)ng·L-1;the Karnofsky performance status(KPS)scores were(86.77±6.91)and(82.23±5.32)points;the cancer quality of life core 30(QLQ-C30)scores were(69.12±9.76)and(75.06±9.84)points(all P＜0.05).During treatment,the neutropenia rates in treatment group and control group were 48.21％and 76.00％,and abnormal rates of liver function were 10.71％and 40.00％,respectively(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Thymosin α1 injection combined with XELOX regimen adjuvant chemotherapy after colorectal cancer surgery can effectively reduce the levels of serum CEA,CA19-9 and CA125,and can improve the cellular immune function and enhance the quality of life.

Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors among the middle-aged and elderly population in Chengguan district of Lanzhou from 2011 to 2021,and to discuss the related risk factors.Methods Using the research data of REACTION in Lanzhou,an epidemiological survey was conducted through cluster sampling in three communities in Chengguan district of Lanzhou since April 2011.The target population was middle-aged and elderly residents over 40 years old.Two follow-up surveys were carried out in 2014-2016 and 2021 successively,and 6543 people with complete follow-up data were finally included.The incidence and mortality rates of malignant tumors were calculated,as well as their age standardized rates with reference to the age composition of Segi's world standard population.Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors affecting the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors.Results After an average follow-up of 10.6 years,314 new cases of malignant tumors were found in middle-aged and elderly residents in Chengguan district of Lanzhou,with an incidence rate and age standardized incidence rate of 454.30/100 000 and 128.93/100 000,respectively.A total of 158 deaths were attributed to malignant tumors,with a mortality rate and age standardized rate of 228.41/100 000 and 607.9/100 000,respectively;The age standardized incidence rate and mortality rate of malignant tumors males were both higher than those females(P＜0.05).During the follow-up period,the age standardized incidence rate of malignant tumors in the general population showed an significant upward trend(P＜0.05),whereas the age standardized mortality rate gradually decreased after a brief increase(P＜0.05).Lung cancer,colorectal cancer,gastric cancer,and liver cancer were the main types of malignant tumors ranking in the top five in terms of incidence and mortality by gender.Multivariate Cox regression results indicate that male,age≥60 years old,college education level or above,smoking history,drinking history,having been hit by major stressful events,central obesity,hypertension,and coronary heart disease are risk factors for the onset or death of malignant tumors(HR＞1).Married,with family size≥4,frequent consumption of fresh fruit,frequent consumption of fresh vegetables,frequent consumption of grains and tubers are protective factors for the onset or death of malignant tumors(HR＜1).Conclusion The incidence of malignant tumors among middle-aged and elderly people in Chengguan district of Lanzhou from 2011 to 2021 showed an increasing trend,while the overall mortality was decreasing.Our study indicates early cancer screening in elderly populations,maintaining a healthy lifestyle and strengthening the management of chronic diseases are crucial for the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors.

Tetrandrine(TET),a natural bisbenzyl isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Stephania tetrandra S.Moore,has diverse pharmacological effects.However,its effects on melanoma remain unclear.Cellular prolif-eration assays,multi-omics analyses,and xenograft models were used to determine the effect of TET on melanoma.The direct target of TET was identified using biotin-TET pull-down liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),cellular thermal shift assays,and isothermal titration calorimetry(ITC)analysis.Our findings revealed that TET treatment induced robust cellular autophagy depending on activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress.Simultaneously,it hindered autophagic flux by inducing cytoskeletal protein depolymerization in melanoma cells.TET treatment resulted in excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and simultaneously triggered mitophagy.Sirtuin 5(SIRT5)was ultimately found to be a direct target of TET.Mechanistically,TET led to the degradation of SIRT5 via the ubiquitin(Ub)-26S proteasome system.SIRT5 knockdown induced ROS accumulation,whereas SIRT5 overexpression attenuated the TET-induced ROS accumula-tion and autophagy.Importantly,TET exhibited anti-cancer effects in xenograft models depending on SIRT5 expression.This study highlights the potential of TET as an antimelanoma agent that targets SIRT5.These findings provide a promising avenue for the use of TET in melanoma treatment and underscore its potential as a therapeutic candidate.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]

Objective To compare the safety and clinical efficacy of freehand and 3D printing navigation template assisted screw placement in patients with old odontoid fractures of type Ⅱ.Methods Total of 38 patients with old odontoid fractures of type Ⅱ were treated from November 2018 to December 2022,all of which presented as chronic neck pain.According to the dif-ferent methods of screw insertion into the pedicle,the patients were divided into a navigation template group and a freehand group.In the navigation template group,there were 17 patients including 9 males and 8 females with an average age of(51.30±13.20)years old,disease duration was(22.18±7.59)months.In the freehand group,there 21 patients including 7 males and 14 females with an average age of(49.46±11.92)years old,disease duration was(19.52±9.17)months.The intraoperative blood loss,operation time,and postoperative drainage output were recorded and compared between two groups.The accuracy of screw placement was evaluated by CT scan.Before operation and 1 year after operation,cervical pain was assessed by visual analogue scale(VAS),neurological changes were evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score,and the de-gree of spinal cord injury was assessed by the American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)injury scale.Results All patients were followed up for(25.31±1.21)months.The operation time of template group(112.00±20.48)min had significantly shorter than that of the freehand group(124.29±15.24)min(P＜0.05),while there were no significant differences between two groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage,and hospital stay(P＞0.05).At 1 year after operation,in template group and freehand group,the VAS[(2.88±0.86),(2.90±0.83)]and JOA[(14.94±1.82),(14.62±2.19)]improved with pre-operative[VAS(4.71±0.92),(4.86±0.79)and JOA(12.18±2.30),(11.95±2.31)](P＜0.05),with no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).No significant improvement was observed in ASIA grading in either group at 1 year after opera-tion(P＞0.05),and there was no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).The template group had significantly better accuracy of screw placement in the pedicle of the axis than the freehand group(P＜0.05),while no significant difference was observed between two groups in the accuracy of screw placement in the pedicle of the atlas(P＞0.05).Conclusion In the treat-ment of type Ⅱ old odontoid fractures with posterior pedicle screw fixation,3D printing navigation template screw placement can significantly shorten the operation time,achieve similar clinical efficacy as free-hand screw placement,and significantly im-prove the accuracy of screw placement in the pedicle of the axis.

Aim To explore the effect of curcumin on the growth of malignant glioma and the possible mecha-nism.Methods Human glioblastoma cell U87 was taken as the study object.They were randomly separa-ted into the blank control group(without any interven-tion)and low,medium and high curcumin group(10,20 and 40 μmol·L-1),temozolomide group(40μmol·L-1),curcumin 40 μmol·L-1+LY210976110 μmol·L-1,curcumin 40 μmol·L-1+SRI-011381 10 μmol·L-1,then they were intervened for 48 h.The activity,migration and invasion ability of U87 cells in each group were measured by CCK-8 method and Transwell method.The cell cycle changes of U87 cells were measured by flow cytometry.The ex-pression levels of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in U87 cells were measured by Western blotting.Results After 48 h intervention,the percentage of U87 cell activity,cell migration and invasion number in curcu-min group and temozolomide group were lower than those in the blank control group(P＜0.05),and all decreased with the increase of curcumin dose(P＜0.05).Compared with the blank control group,the number of cells increased in Sub-G0 stage in the curcu-min group and temozolomide group(P＜0.05),and decreased in G2/M stage(P＜0.05).The protein rel-ative expression levels of TGF-β1,p-Smad 3,N-cad-herin,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in U87 cells in high curcumin group and temozolomide group were lower than those in the blank control group(P＜0.05),and the protein relative expression levels of Smad 7 and E-cadherin were higher than those in the blank control group(P＜0.05).There was no statisti-cally significant difference between the high curcumin group and temozolomide group(P＞0.05).Compared with the high curcumin group,inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad pathway could further inhibit the activity,migra-tion and invasion of U87 cells,reduce the relative ex-pression levels of TGF-β1,P-Smad 3,MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins(P＜0.05),and increase the relative expression levels of Smad 7 and E-cadherin protein(P＜0.05),while the TGF-β1/Smad pathway activator was vice versa(P＜0.05).Conclusions Curcumin can inhibit the growth of malignant glioma U87 cells,and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the two major causes of death worldwide. The application of anti-tumor drugs has significantly improved the prognosis of patients, the cardiovascular toxicity caused by the application of them has become an important factor affecting the survival and prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular toxicity related to cancer treatment is increasingly important. The cardiovascular toxicity associated with anti-tumor drugs exhibits different clinical manifestations and involves multiple pathological mechanisms. This article reviews the current research progress from the perspective of the characteristics, molecular mechanisms and prevention and treatment strategies of cardiovascular toxicity caused by cancer drugs.