Purpose: Cystoscopy is a diagnostic test performed frequently in urology outpatient clinics. Despite the large number of inspections, the associated pain, discomfort, or anxiety can markedly affect patient compliance and adherence to subsequent surveillance protocols. This study conducted a prospective, randomized study to investigate the potential efficacy of music and pyuria on pain or anxiety during outpatient cystoscopy. Materials and Methods: In this single-institution, randomized study, the participants were assigned to a music-intervention or non-music control group. The music-intervention group underwent an identical procedure with the addition of Johann Sebastian Bach’s “Air on the G String” from Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068. Urinalysis was performed to determine if pyuria affects pain during the procedure. Results: The patient-reported outcomes, encompassing the changes in the STAI-X-1 (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X-1) scores, subjective levels of discomfort, embarrassment, satisfaction, and pain, were similar in the two groups. In contrast, the surgeons reported statistically significant differences in their evaluations of the same items as patient-reported outcomes of the two groups. The patient-reported pain showed no significant differences between the pyuria-negative group (0-2 and 3-5 WBC/HPF) and pyuria-positive group (>5 WBC/HPF). Conclusions The data from this study do not support the hypothesis that musical intervention during cystoscopy alleviates pain or anxiety to any significant extent.In addition, pyuria did not affect the patient’s reported pain. Nevertheless, a notable impact was observed in the surgeons’ assessments, suggesting that the musical accompaniment may alter the surgeons’ perception of patient pain and anxiety levels throughout the procedure.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of time to percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) insertion on obstructive ureteral stones with sepsis. Materials and Methods: Data were collected on patients who presented at our Emergency Department between 2017 and 2021 with obstructive uropathy due to urinary stones and underwent PCN insertion. Patients were stratified into 4 groups in accordance with the quick sepsis-related organ failure (qSOFA) score at presentation (<2 or ≥2) and time to PCN insertion (<4 hours or ≥4 hours) as follows: group 1, qSOFA < 2 and time to PCN insertion < 4 hours; group 2, qSOFA < 2 and time to PCN insertion ≥ 4 hours; group 3, qSOFA ≥ 2 and time to PCN insertion < 4 hours; group 4, qSOFA ≥ 2 and time to PCN insertion ≥ 4 hours. The prognostic impacts of the time to PCN insertion were compared between these groups Results: The total cohort consisted of 96 patients, of whom 70 were classified as either group 1 or 2 (qSOFA < 2). Overall, 37 patients had a positive urine culture. The median time to PCN insertion was 218 minutes, and the median length of stay was 14 days. The hospitalization period was significantly shorter in group 3 than in group 4 (p=0.041). Conclusions A shorter length of stay was associated with more rapid PCN insertion in patients with obstructive uropathy and a high risk of sepsis.

Purpose: Cystoscopy is a diagnostic test performed frequently in urology outpatient clinics. Despite the large number of inspections, the associated pain, discomfort, or anxiety can markedly affect patient compliance and adherence to subsequent surveillance protocols. This study conducted a prospective, randomized study to investigate the potential efficacy of music and pyuria on pain or anxiety during outpatient cystoscopy. Materials and Methods: In this single-institution, randomized study, the participants were assigned to a music-intervention or non-music control group. The music-intervention group underwent an identical procedure with the addition of Johann Sebastian Bach’s “Air on the G String” from Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068. Urinalysis was performed to determine if pyuria affects pain during the procedure. Results: The patient-reported outcomes, encompassing the changes in the STAI-X-1 (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X-1) scores, subjective levels of discomfort, embarrassment, satisfaction, and pain, were similar in the two groups. In contrast, the surgeons reported statistically significant differences in their evaluations of the same items as patient-reported outcomes of the two groups. The patient-reported pain showed no significant differences between the pyuria-negative group (0-2 and 3-5 WBC/HPF) and pyuria-positive group (>5 WBC/HPF). Conclusions The data from this study do not support the hypothesis that musical intervention during cystoscopy alleviates pain or anxiety to any significant extent.In addition, pyuria did not affect the patient’s reported pain. Nevertheless, a notable impact was observed in the surgeons’ assessments, suggesting that the musical accompaniment may alter the surgeons’ perception of patient pain and anxiety levels throughout the procedure.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of time to percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) insertion on obstructive ureteral stones with sepsis. Materials and Methods: Data were collected on patients who presented at our Emergency Department between 2017 and 2021 with obstructive uropathy due to urinary stones and underwent PCN insertion. Patients were stratified into 4 groups in accordance with the quick sepsis-related organ failure (qSOFA) score at presentation (<2 or ≥2) and time to PCN insertion (<4 hours or ≥4 hours) as follows: group 1, qSOFA < 2 and time to PCN insertion < 4 hours; group 2, qSOFA < 2 and time to PCN insertion ≥ 4 hours; group 3, qSOFA ≥ 2 and time to PCN insertion < 4 hours; group 4, qSOFA ≥ 2 and time to PCN insertion ≥ 4 hours. The prognostic impacts of the time to PCN insertion were compared between these groups Results: The total cohort consisted of 96 patients, of whom 70 were classified as either group 1 or 2 (qSOFA < 2). Overall, 37 patients had a positive urine culture. The median time to PCN insertion was 218 minutes, and the median length of stay was 14 days. The hospitalization period was significantly shorter in group 3 than in group 4 (p=0.041). Conclusions A shorter length of stay was associated with more rapid PCN insertion in patients with obstructive uropathy and a high risk of sepsis.

Purpose: Cystoscopy is a diagnostic test performed frequently in urology outpatient clinics. Despite the large number of inspections, the associated pain, discomfort, or anxiety can markedly affect patient compliance and adherence to subsequent surveillance protocols. This study conducted a prospective, randomized study to investigate the potential efficacy of music and pyuria on pain or anxiety during outpatient cystoscopy. Materials and Methods: In this single-institution, randomized study, the participants were assigned to a music-intervention or non-music control group. The music-intervention group underwent an identical procedure with the addition of Johann Sebastian Bach’s “Air on the G String” from Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068. Urinalysis was performed to determine if pyuria affects pain during the procedure. Results: The patient-reported outcomes, encompassing the changes in the STAI-X-1 (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X-1) scores, subjective levels of discomfort, embarrassment, satisfaction, and pain, were similar in the two groups. In contrast, the surgeons reported statistically significant differences in their evaluations of the same items as patient-reported outcomes of the two groups. The patient-reported pain showed no significant differences between the pyuria-negative group (0-2 and 3-5 WBC/HPF) and pyuria-positive group (>5 WBC/HPF). Conclusions The data from this study do not support the hypothesis that musical intervention during cystoscopy alleviates pain or anxiety to any significant extent.In addition, pyuria did not affect the patient’s reported pain. Nevertheless, a notable impact was observed in the surgeons’ assessments, suggesting that the musical accompaniment may alter the surgeons’ perception of patient pain and anxiety levels throughout the procedure.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of time to percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) insertion on obstructive ureteral stones with sepsis. Materials and Methods: Data were collected on patients who presented at our Emergency Department between 2017 and 2021 with obstructive uropathy due to urinary stones and underwent PCN insertion. Patients were stratified into 4 groups in accordance with the quick sepsis-related organ failure (qSOFA) score at presentation (<2 or ≥2) and time to PCN insertion (<4 hours or ≥4 hours) as follows: group 1, qSOFA < 2 and time to PCN insertion < 4 hours; group 2, qSOFA < 2 and time to PCN insertion ≥ 4 hours; group 3, qSOFA ≥ 2 and time to PCN insertion < 4 hours; group 4, qSOFA ≥ 2 and time to PCN insertion ≥ 4 hours. The prognostic impacts of the time to PCN insertion were compared between these groups Results: The total cohort consisted of 96 patients, of whom 70 were classified as either group 1 or 2 (qSOFA < 2). Overall, 37 patients had a positive urine culture. The median time to PCN insertion was 218 minutes, and the median length of stay was 14 days. The hospitalization period was significantly shorter in group 3 than in group 4 (p=0.041). Conclusions A shorter length of stay was associated with more rapid PCN insertion in patients with obstructive uropathy and a high risk of sepsis.

Background: We aimed to clarify the safety and efficacy of simultaneous skin exposure to blue, red, and infrared light. The purpose of this study was to confirm the mechanism by which multiple wavelengths increase hair development both in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Cultured human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) were exposed to a 470/655/850 nm light-emitting diode (LED) array with a fixed energy density of 3.0 mW/cm 2 . We analyzed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity. The relative expressions of ALP, VEGF, Shh, and OPN3 were examined using reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction arrays 48 hours post-exposure and the protein levels related to extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)β signaling were assessed by western blotting. Next, we used H&E staining, hair growth scoring, skin thickness measurement, and the immunohistochemical analysis of the dorsal skin of C57BL/6 mice to investigate the effects of the mono- or combined-photobiomodulation (PBM) groups. Results: According to our findings, simultaneous irradiation with multi-wavelength LEDs at 470/655/850 nm increased the proliferation of hDPCs. Also, compared to the control group, the red wavelength and combined PBM groups had significantly improved skin thickness measurements. Overall, we concluded that the combined PBM therapy successfully induced the early onset of anagen and stimulated hair growth. Conclusion These results suggest that PBM therapy regulates hair growth by activating the ERK/AKT/GSK3βsignaling pathway. Thus, multiple-wavelength radiation from devices combining radiation emitted by lowpower lasers and LEDs could be a new approach for promoting PBM-induced beneficial effects.

Purpose: Cystoscopy is a diagnostic test performed frequently in urology outpatient clinics. Despite the large number of inspections, the associated pain, discomfort, or anxiety can markedly affect patient compliance and adherence to subsequent surveillance protocols. This study conducted a prospective, randomized study to investigate the potential efficacy of music and pyuria on pain or anxiety during outpatient cystoscopy. Materials and Methods: In this single-institution, randomized study, the participants were assigned to a music-intervention or non-music control group. The music-intervention group underwent an identical procedure with the addition of Johann Sebastian Bach’s “Air on the G String” from Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068. Urinalysis was performed to determine if pyuria affects pain during the procedure. Results: The patient-reported outcomes, encompassing the changes in the STAI-X-1 (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X-1) scores, subjective levels of discomfort, embarrassment, satisfaction, and pain, were similar in the two groups. In contrast, the surgeons reported statistically significant differences in their evaluations of the same items as patient-reported outcomes of the two groups. The patient-reported pain showed no significant differences between the pyuria-negative group (0-2 and 3-5 WBC/HPF) and pyuria-positive group (>5 WBC/HPF). Conclusions The data from this study do not support the hypothesis that musical intervention during cystoscopy alleviates pain or anxiety to any significant extent.In addition, pyuria did not affect the patient’s reported pain. Nevertheless, a notable impact was observed in the surgeons’ assessments, suggesting that the musical accompaniment may alter the surgeons’ perception of patient pain and anxiety levels throughout the procedure.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of time to percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) insertion on obstructive ureteral stones with sepsis. Materials and Methods: Data were collected on patients who presented at our Emergency Department between 2017 and 2021 with obstructive uropathy due to urinary stones and underwent PCN insertion. Patients were stratified into 4 groups in accordance with the quick sepsis-related organ failure (qSOFA) score at presentation (<2 or ≥2) and time to PCN insertion (<4 hours or ≥4 hours) as follows: group 1, qSOFA < 2 and time to PCN insertion < 4 hours; group 2, qSOFA < 2 and time to PCN insertion ≥ 4 hours; group 3, qSOFA ≥ 2 and time to PCN insertion < 4 hours; group 4, qSOFA ≥ 2 and time to PCN insertion ≥ 4 hours. The prognostic impacts of the time to PCN insertion were compared between these groups Results: The total cohort consisted of 96 patients, of whom 70 were classified as either group 1 or 2 (qSOFA < 2). Overall, 37 patients had a positive urine culture. The median time to PCN insertion was 218 minutes, and the median length of stay was 14 days. The hospitalization period was significantly shorter in group 3 than in group 4 (p=0.041). Conclusions A shorter length of stay was associated with more rapid PCN insertion in patients with obstructive uropathy and a high risk of sepsis.

Purpose: Cystoscopy is a diagnostic test performed frequently in urology outpatient clinics. Despite the large number of inspections, the associated pain, discomfort, or anxiety can markedly affect patient compliance and adherence to subsequent surveillance protocols. This study conducted a prospective, randomized study to investigate the potential efficacy of music and pyuria on pain or anxiety during outpatient cystoscopy. Materials and Methods: In this single-institution, randomized study, the participants were assigned to a music-intervention or non-music control group. The music-intervention group underwent an identical procedure with the addition of Johann Sebastian Bach’s “Air on the G String” from Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068. Urinalysis was performed to determine if pyuria affects pain during the procedure. Results: The patient-reported outcomes, encompassing the changes in the STAI-X-1 (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X-1) scores, subjective levels of discomfort, embarrassment, satisfaction, and pain, were similar in the two groups. In contrast, the surgeons reported statistically significant differences in their evaluations of the same items as patient-reported outcomes of the two groups. The patient-reported pain showed no significant differences between the pyuria-negative group (0-2 and 3-5 WBC/HPF) and pyuria-positive group (>5 WBC/HPF). Conclusions The data from this study do not support the hypothesis that musical intervention during cystoscopy alleviates pain or anxiety to any significant extent.In addition, pyuria did not affect the patient’s reported pain. Nevertheless, a notable impact was observed in the surgeons’ assessments, suggesting that the musical accompaniment may alter the surgeons’ perception of patient pain and anxiety levels throughout the procedure.