No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Spinal Cord Diseases

Coprinopsis cinerea was employed to investigate the fungal response to gravity. Mycelium growth revealed a consistent growth pattern, irrespective of the direction of gravity (i.e., horizontal vs. perpendicular). However, the fruiting body grew in the direction opposite to that of gravity once the primordia had formed. For the proteomic analysis, only curved-stem samples were used. Fifty-one proteins were identified and classified into 13 groups according to function. The major functional groups were hydrolases and transferases (16%), signal transduction (15%), oxidoreductases and isomerases (11%), carbohydrate metabolism (9%), and transport (5%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a proteomic approach to evaluate the molecular response of C. cinerea to gravity.
Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Fruit ; Gravitation* ; Hydrolases ; Isomerases ; Mycelium ; Oxidoreductases ; Proteome ; Signal Transduction ; Transferases

This article provides an overview of the developmental history and rationale of medical ethics to establish the code of ethics and professional conduct of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (KACAP). Most medical professional organizations have their own codes of ethics and conduct because they have continuous responsibility to regulate professional activities and conducts for their members. The Ethics and Award Committee of the KACAP appointed a Task-Force to establish the code of ethics and conduct in 2012. Because bioethics has become global, the Ethics Task Force examined global standards. Global standards in medical ethics and professional conduct adopted by the World Medical Association and the World Psychiatric Association have provided the basic framework for our KACAP's code of ethics and professional conduct. The Code of Ethics of the Americal Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry has provided us additional specific clarifications required for child and adolescent patients. The code of ethics and professional conduct of the KACAP will be helpful to us in ethical clinical practice and will ensure our competence in recognizing ethical violations.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Psychiatry* ; Adolescent* ; Advisory Committees ; Awards and Prizes ; Bioethics ; Child* ; Codes of Ethics ; Ethics ; Ethics, Medical* ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Societies

CD8+ T cells are key factors mediating hepatitis B virus (HBV) clearance. However, these cells are killed through HBV-induced apoptosis during the antigen-presenting period in HBV-induced chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. Interferon-inducible protein 6 (IFI6) delays type I interferon-induced apoptosis in cells. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFI6 could affect the chronicity of CLD. The present study included a discovery stage, in which 195 CLD patients, including chronic hepatitis B (HEP) and cirrhosis patients and 107 spontaneous recovery (SR) controls, were analyzed. The genotype distributions of rs2808426 (C > T) and rs10902662 (C > T) were significantly different between the SR and HEP groups (odds ratio [OR], 6.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64 to 26.52, p = 0.008 for both SNPs) and between the SR and CLD groups (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.25 to 15.26; p = 0.021 and OR, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.18 to 14.44; p = 0.027, respectively). The distribution of diplotypes that contained these SNPs was significantly different between the SR and HEP groups (OR, 6.58; 95% CI, 1.63 to 25.59; p = 0.008 and OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.61; p = 0.008, respectively) and between the SR and CLD groups (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.25 to 15.26; p = 0.021 and OR, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.18 to 14.44; p = 0.027, respectively). We were unable to replicate the association shown by secondary enrolled samples. A large-scale validation study should be performed to confirm the association between IFI6 and HBV clearance.
Apoptosis ; Fibrosis ; Genotype ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Negotiating ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; T-Lymphocytes

CD137, which is expressed on activated T cells, plays a critical role in inflammatory responses. However, the exact role that CD137 plays in monocytes is not fully known. Here we studied the expression and function of CD137 in human monocytic THP-1 cells, which we found constitutively expresses CD137 at the mRNA and protein level. Cross-linking of CD137 increased the secretion of IL-8 and TNF-alpha, promoted the expression of CD54 and CD11b, and increased adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. In particular CD137-induced adhesion of THP-1 cells was inhibited by an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), but not by a p38 kinase inhibitor. Taken together, these results show that the adhesion and cytokine production of THP-1 cells induced by CD137 occur via activation of MEK, which results in the activation of ERK-1/2 signaling pathways. Therefore, this study suggests that CD137 induces an activating and migrating signal during inflammatory processes.
Antigens, CD/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Antigens, CD11/biosynthesis ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis ; Cell Line ; Cytokines/*biosynthesis ; Enzyme Activation ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunity, Natural ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-8/biosynthesis ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Monocytes/metabolism/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors

We experienced a case of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return from righ lung to inferior vena cava, which combined with Scimitar sign in 18 years old female patient. Diagnostic procedures were simple chest x-ray chest CT, and cardiac catheterization. We redirected the anomalous venous flow from inferior vena cava to left atrium through the intracardiac tunnel which was made with autologous pericardium. Postoperative course was not eventful.
Adolescent ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Female ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Lung ; Pericardium ; Scimitar Syndrome ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vena Cava, Inferior

BACKGROUND: Overstimation of blood pressure(BP) by clinic measurements occur in about 20 to 30% of subjects(white-coat hypertension) who may, consequently, be misdiagnosed as hypertensives and received unnecessary medications. The clinical significance of white-coat hypertension and its effects on the cardiovascular wystem have not been studied systematically.This study was designed to evaluate the influences of white-coat hypertension and white-coat effect, defined as difference between clinic and ambulatory BP, on the LV mass and diastolic function. METHODS: LV mass index was calculated and LV systolic and diastolic function were assessed by the analysis of mitral and pulmonary venous flow velocity in 45 untreated essential hypertensives and 20 normotensives(NT). Ambulatory BP monitoring classified hypertensives as white-coat hypertensives(WCHT,n=20) and sustained hypertensives(SHT, n=25). RESULTS: 1) Left ventricular systolic indices were not different among the three groups. 2) Left ventricular mass inedx of WCHT(114.5+/-36.3g/m2) was similar to that of SHT(115.6+/-34.9g/m2) and was significantly greater than that of NT(86.5+/-37.7g/m2)(p<0.05). 3) Some of left ventricular diastolic parameters(isovolumic relaxation time, E/A ratio, A velocity, pulmonary systolic fraction, ratio of systolic to diastolic forward flow velocity) of WCHT and SHT were significantly different from those of NT(p<0.05), but there were no differences between two hypertensive groups. 4) Even though both systolic and diastolic white-coat effect in WCHT were significantly greater than those of SHT(o<0.05),white-coat effect did not influence on the left ventricular mass or function in both groups. CONCLUSION: An increased left ventricular mass and diastolic dysfunction in WCHT suggests that white-coat hypertension could not be considered as an entirely innocuous clinical condition.
Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Hypertension* ; Relaxation

No abstract available.
Bleomycin* ; Lymphangioma, Cystic*