Medical disputes are one of the common problems concerned by the whole world. All countries and regions have established their own medical dispute resolution mechanisms, in accordance with their own national conditions. Medical dispute identification opinions, as one of the important bases for identifying the responsibilities of both doctors and patients, play a pivotal role in the process of dispute settlement. A reasonable medical dispute resolution mechanism and standardized medical dispute identification model can help resolve disputes flexibly and reduce the conflict between doctors and patients. This paper briefly compares the medical dispute resolution mechanism and identification mode of China and several other representative countries (the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, etc.), and discusses their respective characteristics and shortcomings, to bring some enlightenment to the medical dispute resolution and identification in our country.
China ; Dissent and Disputes ; Humans ; Social Behavior

OBJECTIVES: To understand the perceptions of doctors, patients and forensic examiners on the current situation of medical disputes and medical damage identification in China, and to explore the medical damage identification model that is more conducive for the resolution of medical disputes. METHODS: A questionnaire was designed, and in-service clinicians, forensic examiners and inpatients in Sichuan Province and Chongqing City were randomly selected from April to November 2019. SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data of various survey results. RESULTS: Compared with patients (24.92%), doctors (61.72%) believed that the current doctor-patient relationship was more tense than before; both doctors and patients were more inclined to choose voluntary consultation and people's mediation to resolve medical disputes; forensic examiners have the highest level of cognition of medical and health-related laws and regulations, followed by doctors and patients; 66.72% of doctors and 78.41% of patients believed that medical damage identification was necessary, and they were more inclined to entrust forensic identification institutions; different groups all believed that forensic examiners and doctors should participate in the identification together, 80.94% of doctors believed that the appraisal institutions should be responsible for the forensic opinion, not the appraiser. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that the Medical Association identification and forensic identification should learn from each other and formulate basic unified rules for the identification of medical damage. It is suggested to standardize the behavior of medical damage forensic identification institutions and appraisers, to improve their own appraisal level, actively invite clinical medical experts for consultation in identification, and promote the standardized, scientization of forensic identification.
China ; Dissent and Disputes ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Surveys and Questionnaires

At present, medical disputes are still widely-concerned social problems and occasionally evolve into severe social events. In the dispute settlement mechanism, forensic identification opinion is the important technical support. Due to the high professionalism and complexity of medicine, the identification of medical malpractice has become major and difficult problem in the identification. This paper systematically analyze the concept of medical malpractice and five legal theories of malpractice determination, pointing out that China's forensic identification of medical damage should be led by the theory of "medical standards", supplemented by "prudent patient" standard and strengthen "peer review" in form. At the same time, seven main identification principles should be followed in practice: (1) take "obligation of diagnosis and treatment" as the basic principle of medical malpractice identification; (2) take whether to fulfill the obligation of diagnosis and treatment corresponding to current medical level as the specific principle; (3) take diagnosis and treatment routine, norms and guidelines as the main basis; (4) the principle of "peer review"; (5) the principle of "the generality of medical emergency action"; (6) the principle of "notification-informed-consent"; (7) the principle of "review of complications". This paper also puts forward the corresponding identification ideas in view of the above principles, hoping this helps standardize medical damage forensic identification activities.
Dissent and Disputes ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Malpractice

Anemia/epidemiology* ; Causality ; Dissent and Disputes ; Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Risk Factors ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology*

Objective To explore the causes and characteristics of medical disputes caused by death after cardiac surgery and to analyze the pathological changes after cardiac surgery and the key points of forensic anatomy, thus to provide pathological evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of cardiac surgery and judicial appraisal as well as reference for the prevention of medical disputes in such cases. Methods Forensic pathological cases of medical disputes caused by death after cardiac surgery which were accepted by the Center for Medicolegal Expertise of Sun Yat-Sen University from 2013 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively from aspects such as causes of death, pathological diagnosis, surgery condition, medical misconduct, and so on. Results The causes of death after cardiac surgery of 43 patients were abnormal operation, low cardiac output syndrome, postoperative infection, postoperative thrombosis, and other diseases. Among the 43 cases, there were 18 cases without medical fault while 25 cases had medical fault. Conclusion The medical disputes caused by death after cardiac surgery are closely related to the operative technique and postoperative complications. The causes of medical faults include defects in diagnosis and treatment technique, as well as unfulfillment of duty of care.
Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects* ; Dissent and Disputes ; Forensic Medicine ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Dissent and Disputes ; Statistics as Topic

Objective To discuss the application value of CT scanning technology in cause of death determination of medical dispute cases. Methods From July 2017 to December 2018, postmortem CT imaging data of 12 medical dispute cases were collected. CT imaging diagnosis results and anatomy findings as well as differences between antemortem and postmortem CT diagnosis were compared. The advantages and disadvantages of CT routine tests of the cadavers in terms of the diagnosis of disease and damage were analyzed. Results The comparison between CT imaging diagnosis and anatomical findings showed that CT scans had advantages in the diagnosis of disease and damage with large differences in density changes, such as atelectasis, pneumonia, calcification, fracture and hemorrhage, etc. The comparison of CT diagnosis in antemortem and postmortem examination showed that the cadavers of medical dispute cases were well preserved and that postmortem CT scan was meaningful for the diagnosis of antemortem diseases. Conclusion Virtual anatomy technology has a relatively high application value in postmortem examination of medical dispute cases. It can provide effective information for the appraisers before the autopsy and can also provide a reference for cause of death analysis when the anatomy cannot be performed.
Autopsy ; Cadaver ; Dissent and Disputes ; Humans ; Postmortem Changes ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

In cases on compensation for personal injury, the issue of medical expense compensation involves the vital interests of the compensation obligor, the injured party and the medical institution. The rationality of medical expenses is likely to be controversial, however, there is no unified standard and stipulation for the medical expense rationality identification in forensic clinical identification at present, therefore, in the practice of judicial expertise, expert opinions easily become confused, and the legitimate rights of the parties could be infringed, which affects the impartiality and authority of judicial expertise. This article starts with the concept of medical expense and the rationality of medical expense and the reasons for disputes over the rationality of medical expense, to put forward the basic principles that should be followed in the identification of rationality of medical expenses, for peer reference.
Dissent and Disputes ; Expert Testimony ; Forensic Medicine

It is difficult to differentiate acute skin failure (ASF) from pressure ulcer (PU). ASF is defined as unavoidable injury resulting from hypoperfusion caused by severe dysfunction of another organ system. We describe a case of ASF mistaken as PU that resulted in a legal dispute. A 74-year-old male patient was admitted to our intensive care unit with sepsis due to bacterial pneumonia. Despite the use of air cushions and regular position changes, skin ulcerations occurred over his occiput, back, buttock, elbow, and ankle. After improvement in his general condition, he was transferred to the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Debridement was performed immediately, followed by conservative treatment (including a vacuum-assisted closure device) for 6 weeks. The buttock and occiput wounds were treated surgically. Despite complete healing, his caregivers sued the hospital for failing to prevent PU formation. ASF is a pressure-related injury resulting from hemodynamic instability due to organ system failure. Unlike PU, ASF may occur despite the implementation of all appropriate preventive measures. Furthermore, misdiagnosis of ASF as PU can lead to litigation. Therefore, it is critical for the proper diagnosis to be made quickly, and for physicians to explain that ASF occurs despite proper preventative treatment.
Aged ; Ankle ; Buttocks ; Caregivers ; Debridement ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Dissent and Disputes ; Elbow ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Jurisprudence ; Male ; Necrosis ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Plastics ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; Pressure Ulcer ; Sepsis ; Skin Ulcer ; Skin ; Wounds and Injuries

Inappropriate authorship and other fraudulent publication strategies are pervasive. Here, I deal with contribution disclosures, authorship disputes versus plagiarism among collaborators, kin co-authorship, gender bias, authorship trade, and fake peer review (FPR). In contrast to underserved authorship and other ubiquitous malpractices, authorship trade and FPR appear to concentrate in some Asian countries that exhibit a mixed academic pattern of rapid growth and poor ethics. It seems that strong pressures to publish coupled with the incessantly growing number of publications entail a lower quality of published science in part attributable to a poor, compromised or even absent (in predatory journals) peer review. In this regard, the commitment of Publons to strengthen this fundamental process and ultimately ensure the quality and integrity of the published articles is laudable. Because the many recommendations for adherence to authorship guidelines and rules of honest and transparent research reporting have been rather ineffective, strong deterrents should be established to end manipulated peer review, undeserved authorship, and related fakeries.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Authorship* ; Dissent and Disputes ; Ethics ; Humans ; Peer Review* ; Plagiarism ; Publications ; Research Report ; Sexism