PURPOSE: One of the consequences of trauma-related injuries is disability. There are more than one billion people with disabilities worldwide. Disability in people reduces their quality of life. The goal of this study was to determine the rate of post-trauma stress and disability related to trauma in the population over 15 years old in Kashan during a solar year of 2018-2019. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional population-based study. A cluster sampling method was used in the city of Kashan, and 3880 persons were interviewed with individuals randomly selected in each household. If a person had trauma during one year ago, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and Post Trauma Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist were applied for further interview. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test or t-test. RESULTS: Among the 3880 participants residing in Kashan, 274 (7.1%) reported a history of traumatic injury during one year ago in 2018-2019. Incidence of all injuries was estimated to be 70.61 (62.60-78.70) per 1000 people. For the trauma population, 213 (77.7%) were male and 75.1% were married. About half of them (50.3%, 138/274) aged 21-39 years. The most common cause of injuries was related to traffic accidents: 140 (51.1%). Of the 274 trauma participants, 47 (17.2%) reported PTSD; 244 (89.1%) had a mild disability, and 30 (10.9%) reported moderate disability. CONCLUSION One of the main causes of disability in the human community is the traumatic injuries. According to the results of this study, 89.1% of trauma participants have sustained at last mild disability following trauma. These people require follow-up and post-treatment support. It should be noted that psychological complications such as PTSD are as significant as physical symptoms.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disability Evaluation ; Disabled Persons/statistics & numerical data* ; Female ; Humans ; Iran/epidemiology* ; Male ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology* ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The health hazards of indoor air pollution are well-established but studies of the health effects due to pollution from heating are rare. This study investigated the association of heating and disability for activities of daily living among Chinese middle-aged and elderly. METHODS: We used two consecutive surveys in a cohort of over 17,000 adults aged 45 or older, who were interviewed first in 2011-2012 and then in 2013. In these surveys, taking advantage of random survey time, we applied a random effects logit regression model that included an interaction between pollution-producing heating fuel and a dummy variable, which measured interview time based on whether or not it was heating season. RESULTS: Exposure to pollution-producing heating fuel was associated with a 39.9% (OR 1.399; 95%CI 1.227-1.594) and 71.0% (OR 1.710; 95%CI 1.523-1.920) increase in the likelihood of disability in activities of daily living (DADL) and disability in instrumental activities of daily living (DIADL), respectively. In heating season between year 2011 and 2013, moving from clean heating energy for heating to pollution-producing fuel was linked with an increase in the likelihoods having DADL and DIADL, with the OR of 2.014 (95%CI 1.126-3.600) and 1.956 (95%CI 1.186-3.226), respectively. However, disability increases due to change from clean energy to pollution-producing heating energy did not appear in advantaged education respondents. CONCLUSIONS We found that exposure to heating by burning of coal, wood, or crop residue was associated with disability in performing daily living activities. Health policymakers should take indoor pollution due to heating into consideration as it is a major determinant of activities of daily living in elderly people; especially, such policy should focus on elderly people who have disadvantaged education.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; adverse effects ; analysis ; China ; Disabled Persons ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Heating ; adverse effects ; statistics & numerical data ; Housing ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective: To analyze the disease burden of animal injury in China between 1990 and 2016. Methods: Data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 were used to analyze the age and gender specific disease burden of animal injury in China, using the incidence and disability adjusted of life years (DALYs) rate. Relative and annual changes were evaluated. Results: In 2016, the age-standardized incidence and DALYs rate of animal injury in China showed as 245.05 per 100 000 people and 12.73 per 100 000. The age-standardized incidence of non-venomous animal injury was significantly higher than that of venomous animal injury, but the differences in age-standardized incidence and DALYs rate between venomous animal injury and non-venomous animal injury were not significant. Between 1990 and 2016, there was a significantly decreasing trend in the age-standardized incidence and DALYs rate of animal injury, and obvious decline could be seen in the incidence of non-venomous animal injury, compared with venomous animal injury. The incidence and DALYs rate of animal injury declined in both males and females and in different age groups. The obvious decline of incidence and DALYs rate could be found in children aged 5-14 years and aged <5 years. Conclusions: Between 1990 and 2016, there was a significant alleviation of the disease burden of animal injury in China. Young children were most prone to animal injury, resulting in serious disability and death, indicating more attention should be paid to this population at high risk and in animal injury prevention and control programs.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Cost of Illness ; Disabled Persons/statistics & numerical data* ; Female ; Global Burden of Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology*

Objective: To assess the disease burden on uterine fibroids in China in 1990 and 2016. Methods: Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Burdens of uterine fibrosis among different age groups and provinces were measured in 1990 and 2016, with key indicators including number of cases, prevalence rates, disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and the rates of DALY. The WHO world standard population, 2010-2035 was used to calculate the age- standardized rates. Results: In 1990 and 2016, there were 13 695 567 and 27 169 312 women aged 15 years and older, suffered from uterine fibrosis respectively, with prevalence rate as 2.48% and 4.10%, DALY as 146 045.05 life years and 281 976.67 life years, and the DALY rate as 26.40/100 000 and 42.50/100 000, in 1990 and 2016 respectively. Both the prevalence rate and the DALY rate increased with age, reaching the peak on the 45-49 years-old, in both 1990 and 2016. Women aged 40-54 years accounted for 55.60% (1990) and 66.74% (2016) of the total cases while 48.37% (1990) and 60.65% (2016) of the total DALY. The first three provinces with highest DALYs were Shandong (1990: 12 574.67 life year; 2016: 22 728.12 life year), Henan (1990: 10 849.29 life year; 2016: 18 454.32 life year) and Jiangsu (1990: 10 501.55 life year; 2016: 18 274.10 life year), while the three provinces with leading standardized DALY rates were Heilongjiang (1990: 48.20/100 000; 2016: 47.00/100 000), Shanxi (1990: 44.50/100 000; 2016: 47.70/100 000) and Tianjin (1990: 43.80/100 000; 2016: 46.40/100 000) in both 1990 and 2016. Compared with 1990, the number of cases with uterine fibroids increased by 13 473 745 (with rate of change as: 98.38%), standardized prevalence rate increased by 1.88%, DALY value increased by 135 931.62 life years (with the rate of change as 93.08%) and standardized DALY rate increased by 5.92% among Chinese women, in 2016. Conclusion: Menopausal women were the ones hard hit by uterine fibrosis. Compared with data from 1990, the disease burden of uterine fibrosis increased rapidly in China, in 2016.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cost of Illness ; Disabled Persons ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma/psychology* ; Middle Aged ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Young Adult

Objective: To estimate the health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) of adults in Zhejiang province and evaluate the health status of the adults. Methods: This study was based on the mortality data collected from Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information and Management System, and mortality rates from the underreporting survey and self-reported health data in 2016. Hierarchical Ordered Probit (HOPIT) model was used to estimate the severity-weighted prevalence of disability. Sullivan's method was used to calculate the HALE. Results: After adjustment by HOPIT model, the severity-weighted prevalence of disability increased significantly with age (χ(2)=5 795.81,P<0.001), and it was higher in females than in males (χ(2)=5 353.27, P<0.001). The life expectancy and self-evaluated HALE were 59.08 years and 48.68 years, respectively, in those aged ≥20 years, the difference was 10.40 years due to disability. The proportion of HALE loss due to disability in the total life expectancy was 17.61%, and it increased with age. HALE was higher in males than in females (49.21 years vs. 48.14 years), and in urban residents than in rural residents (49.92 years vs. 47.43 years). Conclusion: The proportion of loss of HALE in the total life expectancy in adults was high in Zhejiang, and it higher in males than in females, in urban residents than rural residents. Programs on improving health care in women and rural residents should be promoted.
Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology* ; Disabled Persons/statistics & numerical data* ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Life Expectancy/ethnology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a physical activity program on the physical fitness in persons with intellectual disabilities. METHODS: The study design was an equivalent control group pre-post test. The treatment group received ths physical activity program five times per week for 20 weeks. Data were collected from the treatment group at two time points: Week 1 and Week 20 following the initiation of the treatment protocol. Data were collected from the control group at the ends of week 1 and Week 20. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS v.21.0 software program. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significant reduction of physical fitness: basic of physical fitness (t=-2.07, p=.041), flexibility (t=2.25, p=.027), muscular strength (t=2.70, p=.009), agility (t=-3.35, p=.001), except for sense of balance (t=-0.91, p=.368), while control group showed no change in these variables. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that the physical activity program has proved to be a stable and physically active intervention program for physical activity in intellectually disabled persons.
Clinical Protocols ; Disabled Persons* ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Motor Activity* ; Physical Fitness* ; Pliability ; Statistics as Topic

INTRODUCTIONDisability increases an individual's dependence and negatively impacts their physical, mental, and social functioning. The current study aims to establish the prevalence and risk factors of disability in Singapore's population.

MATERIALS AND METHODSData was extracted from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) study. This cross-sectional study recruited participants aged 60 years and above (n = 2421) who were representative of Singapore's multiethnic population. We used the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 to assess the severity of disability in our sample while establishing its associations and correlations with cognitive levels, sociodemographic variables, and chronic illness.

RESULTSCognitive deficits, old age, female gender, Malay and Indian ethnicity, lack of education, retired or homemaker status, presence of chronic illness (specifically stroke, heart problems, depression, and dementia) were found to be significantly associated with disability in Singapore's elderly population. As hypothesised, participants with deficits in cognition were more likely to indicate higher WHODAS scores.

CONCLUSIONThe findings highlighted specific factors associated with disability in this multiethnic population. The identification of these factors would lead the way to the development of appropriate interventions.

Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chronic Disease ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dementia ; epidemiology ; Depression ; epidemiology ; Disabled Persons ; Educational Status ; Ethnic Groups ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; epidemiology ; Humans ; India ; Malassezia ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Retirement ; statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Stroke ; epidemiology

BACKGROUNDPersonality disorders can lead to some disability. However, little is known about the disability prevalence and function impairments. This study aimed to describe the disability prevalence attributed to personality disorders, its distribution, impairments of daily activities and social functions, and risk factors in China.

METHODSUsing a descriptive and analytic epidemiological method, data from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006 were analyzed. The disability prevalence attributed to personality disorders, its distribution in different people and regions, and risk factors were statistically calculated.

RESULTSRespondents included 1,909,205 adults. The disability prevalence rate attributed to personality disorders in China was 5.9/100,000. The disability rate attributed to personality disorders of males was higher than that of females (P = 0.012), while the rate of the unemployed was higher than that of the employed (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the rates of unmarried/divorced/widowed people and the illiterate population were higher than those of married and educated people (P < 0.001). Regarding the severity of disability attributable to personality disorders, mild disability accounted for a majority or 60% of the respondents. The data showed that disability mainly impaired respondents' ability to engage in daily activities, get along with people, and participate in social situations. According to the case-control study, marriage, employment, and higher education were protective factors of disability.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of disability attributed to personality disorders is low in China and always leads to mild disability. The distribution of disability attributed to personality disorders also varies in the Chinese population.

Adult ; Age Distribution ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disabled Persons ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Middle Aged ; Personality Disorders ; complications ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors

Frailty has been previously studied in Western countries and the urban Korean population; however, the burden of frailty and geriatric conditions in the aging populations of rural Korean communities had not yet been determined. Thus, we established a population-based prospective study of adults aged > or = 65 years residing in rural communities of Korea between October 2014 and December 2014. All participants underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment that encompassed the assessment of cognitive and physical function, depression, nutrition, and body composition using bioimpedance analysis. We determined the prevalence of frailty based on the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and Korean version of FRAIL (K-FRAIL) criteria, as well as geriatric conditions. We recruited 382 adults (98% of eligible adults; mean age: 74 years; 56% women). Generally, sociodemographic characteristics were similar to those of the general rural Korean population. Common geriatric conditions included instrumental activity of daily living disability (39%), malnutrition risk (38%), cognitive dysfunction (33%), multimorbidity (32%), and sarcopenia (28%), while dismobility (8%), incontinence (8%), and polypharmacy (3%) were less common conditions. While more individuals were classified as frail according to the K-FRAIL criteria (27%) than the CHS criteria (17%), the CHS criteria were more strongly associated with prevalent geriatric conditions. Older Koreans living in rural communities have a significant burden of frailty and geriatric conditions that increase the risk of functional decline, poor quality of life, and mortality. The current study provides a basis to guide public health professionals and policy-makers in prioritizing certain areas of care and designing effective public health interventions to promote healthy aging of this vulnerable population.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Aging ; Body Composition ; Cognition Disorders/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Demography ; Disabled Persons ; Female ; Geriatric Assessment/*statistics & numerical data ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Rural Population ; Sarcopenia/epidemiology

Persons with disabilities use more health care services due to ill health and face higher health care expenses and burden. This study explored the incidence of catastrophic health expenditures of households with persons with disabilities compared to that of those without such persons. We used the Korean Health Panel (KHP) dataset for the years 2010 and 2011. The final sample was 5,610 households; 800 (14.3%) of these were households with a person with a disability and 4,810 (85.7%) were households without such a person. Households with a person with a disability faced higher catastrophic health expenditures, spending about 1.2 to 1.4 times more of their annual living expenditures for out-of-pocket medical expenses, compared to households without persons with disabilities. Households having low economic status and members with chronic disease were more likely to face catastrophic health expenditures, while those receiving public assistance were less likely. Exemption or reduction of out-of-pocket payments in the National Health Insurance and additional financial support are needed so that the people with disabilities can use medical services without suffering financial crisis.
Aged ; Databases, Factual ; Delivery of Health Care/*economics ; Disabled Persons ; Health Expenditures/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; National Health Programs ; Odds Ratio ; Republic of Korea