Given the complex nature of heart failure (HF), nurses in clinical practice and nurse educators should employ a methodical approach in providing effective health education to the patient and their families even remotely. However, the limited training programs available and unprecedented nature of COVID-19 has rendered nurses less prepared to deliver heart failure self-care education. The purpose of this article is to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a training program which aim to equip nurses with specific skills in delivering heart failure self-care education using information and communication technologies (telenursing) in the context of the physical restrictions brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. Four phases of program development and implementation were done: (1) Phase I: Planning Phase; (2) Phase II: Needs Assessment; (3) Phase III: Designing the Health Program; and (4) Phase IV- Implementation and Evaluation. Twenty-three nurses from a tertiary private hospital participated via video conferencing in the pilot implementation of the program led by doctorate students. Using Kaufman’s approach in qualitative evaluation, participants reported the training content, materials, and the method of delivery which were valuable, meaningful, and acceptable to them. They perceived the program further enhanced their competencies, and improved patient and organizational outcomes. Taking on a proactive role, nurses should explore measures of enhancing nurses’ knowledge and skills in self-care education through information and communication technologies (ICT). This training program based on participative planning and collaboration between academia and practice proves to be feasible and requires further empirical studies to test its effectiveness in real-word settings.
Heart failure ; program development ; COVID-19 ; motivational interviewing ; telenursing

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the therapeutic effect of adjunctive bifrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with tinnitus. METHODS: Forty-four patients who visited our university hospital with a complaint of non-pulsatile subjective tinnitus in January through December 2016 were enrolled. All patients received directive counseling and sound therapy, such as a sound generator or hearing aids, and/or oral clonazepam. Patients who agreed to undergo additional bifrontal tDCS were classified as the study group (n = 26). For tDCS, 1.5 mA of direct current was applied to the prefrontal cortex with a 10–20 EEG system for 20 minutes per session. RESULTS: The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Beck Depression Inventory, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores decreased significantly after treatment (P < 0.001). Patients who had a moderate or catastrophic handicap were significantly more likely to respond favorably to bifrontal tDCS (P = 0.026). There was no correlation of number of tDCS sessions with change in the THI or VAS score (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the initial THI score was independently associated with improvement in the THI. However, tDCS was not a significant determinant of recovery. CONCLUSION: tDCS can be used as an adjunctive treatment in patients with severe tinnitus. Although tDCS did not decrease the loudness of tinnitus, it could alleviate the distress associated with the condition in some patients with a moderate or catastrophic handicap.
Clonazepam ; Depression ; Directive Counseling ; Electroencephalography ; Hearing Aids ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Tinnitus* ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation* ; Visual Analog Scale

BACKGROUND: In a cluster-randomized trial, the Safety and Health Involvement For Truck drivers intervention produced statistically significant and medically meaningful weight loss at 6 months (−3.31 kg between-group difference). The current manuscript evaluates the relative impact of intervention components on study outcomes among participants in the intervention condition who reported for a postintervention health assessment (n = 134) to encourage the adoption of effective tactics and inform future replications, tailoring, and enhancements. METHODS: The Safety and Health Involvement For Truck drivers intervention was implemented in a Web-based computer and smartphone-accessible format and included a group weight loss competition and body weight and behavioral self-monitoring with feedback, computer-based training, and motivational interviewing. Indices were calculated to reflect engagement patterns for these components, and generalized linear models quantified predictive relationships between participation in intervention components and outcomes. RESULTS: Participants who completed the full program-defined dose of the intervention had significantly greater weight loss than those who did not. Behavioral self-monitoring, computer-based training, and health coaching were significant predictors of dietary changes, whereas behavioral and body weight self-monitoring was the only significant predictor of changes in physical activity. Behavioral and body weight self-monitoring was the strongest predictor of weight loss. CONCLUSION: Web-based self-monitoring of body weight and health behaviors was a particularly impactful tactic in our mobile health intervention. Findings advance the science of behavior change in mobile health intervention delivery and inform the development of health programs for dispersed populations.
Body Weight ; Health Behavior ; Linear Models ; Motivational Interviewing ; Motor Activity ; Motor Vehicles ; Occupational Health ; Telemedicine ; Weight Loss

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has the highest prevalence and lowest treatment rate of all mental disorders in Korea. Over the last 30 years, there has been significant progress in the development and validation of cognitive behavioral treatments and motivational enhancement approaches for AUD. The goal of psychosocial treatment is to help patients control their urges to use alcohol and remain abstinent by preventing relapse. This review explored first, motivation enhancement therapy, which is an approach to help people with alcohol problems and improve their motivation for change, and second, cognitive behavioral theories for AUD, including practical therapeutic effects, treatment principles, and various treatment methods and techniques. These treatment modalities are particularly useful for patients with AUDs with insufficient or poor compliance. In addition, these treatment models, which enhance the motivation of patients with chronic psychiatric illness, including AUDs and improve the efficacy and effectiveness through a clear intervention approach to the targeted problems, have been transformed into various other forms. Recently, there have been many studies on various online platforms, such as web-based and virtual reality, which are easy to access, and these treatment models are likely to become more important in the psychiatric field in the future.
Cognitive Therapy ; Compliance ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Disorders ; Motivation ; Motivational Interviewing ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Therapeutic Uses

INTRODUCTION: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a global prevalence of approximately 2% and significant psychiatric comorbidity. There is a great deal of existing literature assessing different aspects of psychology in psoriasis. We aimed to conduct an in-depth review of current evidence linking psoriasis to personality traits and psychiatric comorbidities, as well as factors that put these patients at risk of psychopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of the PubMed database identified 1632 articles. We included articles studying psychological comorbidity in patients with psoriasis, looking especially at personality characteristics, and data linking psoriasis with increased risks of psychological distress, depression, anxiety and suicidality. In particular, we also evaluated subgroups in psoriasis found to be at risk. RESULTS: Patients with psoriasis are more likely to be alexithymic, lack body awareness and possess a Type D personality. Alcohol, but not illicit drug use, disorders are also more common in patients with psoriasis. Patient groups who are especially at risk of psychological distress include women, younger patients, patients with a younger age of disease onset, those who self-assess their psoriasis to be severe, and those with lesions on visible or sensitive areas. Adopting motivational interviewing skills and incorporating the use of learning materials during consultations have been found to be useful. CONCLUSION The knowledge of personality characteristics, "at-risk" groups, and early recognition of psychological distress among patients with psoriasis can help clinicians provide better holistic care and encourage a change in patients' behaviour.
Affective Symptoms ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Age Factors ; Age of Onset ; Alcoholism ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Anxiety ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Comorbidity ; Depression ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Motivational Interviewing ; Personality ; Psoriasis ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Sex Factors ; Stress, Psychological ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Suicidal Ideation ; Type D Personality

The purpose of this study was to develop a motivational interviewing (MI) training program to improve competency in communication and to effect the evaluated changes that would occur in dental students' counseling techniques as result of the training in the program. The study proceeded through the program via role-play practice, which was explained effectively during the MI program training process. A convenience sample of 43 fourth-year dental hygiene students was recruited. Twenty-two students were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 21 to the control group in the order of recruitment. The theoretical lecture was delivered over 3 hours and the practice was done in parallel by applying cases occurring in clinic settings. The practice was technical training, partner practice, and small group practice. The intervention group received three hour MI lecture while the control group received no lecture. Evaluation through role-play practice was separated according to “researcher's viewpoint,” “counselor's role viewpoint,” and “patient's role viewpoint.” The results of the analysis showed that the intervention group had higher MI skills and ability than the control group. Furthermore, program participants showed positive impressions to the MI training program. The use of coaching sessions improved the MI techniques and counseling skills of dental hygiene students learning MI. The effect of the application of the MI training program was that the MI training improved counseling skills and interviewing abilities. Moreover, continuous training and feedback enhanced MI techniques and core skills. Training using lectures in parallel with practice rather than education through theory alone improved students' techniques. Application of role play through the combined method of the MI program was confirmed by an effective training method.
Counseling ; Education ; Group Practice ; Humans ; Learning ; Lectures ; Methods ; Motivational Interviewing ; Oral Hygiene

PURPOSE: The study's aim was to describe the experience of motivational interviewing (MI) training for parents with adolescents. METHODS: Focus group interviews were carried out with 12 mothers in 3 groups who participated in the MI training. The study had a qualitative descriptive design, and qualitative content analysis was used. RESULTS: Data analysis was separated into 4 domains: acceptance, relational skills, self-reflection, and rebuilding relationships. Seven categories and 11 subcategories included (1) enhancing acceptance and empathy, (2) recognizing the importance of the MI spirit and applying core skills, (3) improving self-expression and self-control of negative emotions and behavior, (4) recognizing self-problems, and (5) true communication and recovery of trust. CONCLUSION: Through MI training, participants have experienced not only the enhancement of their communication skills but also personal modifications (in self-acceptance, self-reflection, and self-control) and positive interpersonal relationships (rebuilding relationships). In addition, participants have realized the importance of listening and reflection in such experiences. Reflection training has provided participants meaningful experiences. Our key insight from these findings is that skill is not most important in communication training. MI elements such as acceptance, collaboration, and a respectful attitude are more likely to be used than conventional communication skills.
Adolescent ; Child ; Cooperative Behavior ; Empathy ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Mothers ; Motivational Interviewing ; Parents ; Qualitative Research ; Self-Control ; Statistics as Topic

The number of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes has been increasing and reached 3.19 per 100,000 in Korea. Children aged 10 to 14 years had the highest rate of 4.46 per 100,000. There are about 1,720 children in Korea with type 1 diabetes under the age of 18 and 1,200 of those are between the ages 13 and 18. The target for type 1 diabetes is HbA1c level of 7.5%. However, due to rapid hormone changes during puberty, controlling blood sugar level can be challenging. Since successful management of blood sugar for patients with type 1 diabetes has many long-term benefits including reduced medical cost and improved quality of life, method to help patients maintain their daily routines such as motivational interviewing should be developed.
Adolescent* ; Blood Glucose ; Child ; Humans ; Korea ; Methods ; Motivational Interviewing ; Puberty ; Quality of Life

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the motivational interviewing (MI) dementia preventive intervention on dementia preventive behaviors, depression and cognitive function among elderly over 75 years of age in nursing homes. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. A total of 57 participants were divided into three groups; 18 in the MI dementia preventive intervention (Group A), 20 in the dementia preventive program (Group B) and 19 in the control group. Dementia preventive behaviors, depression, and cognitive function were assessed at pre, post, and 1 month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS: The results reported that there were significant differences in dementia preventive behaviors and depression among Group A, B, and C. Also, there were significant differences in dementia preventive behaviors and cognitive function during time periods. There was a significant interaction between groups and times in relation to depression. Results suggested that the effects of MI dementia preventive program was persistent after 1 month following the intervention. CONCLUSION: Further research needs to develop dementia preventive programs considering physical and mental traits of the elderly in late years staying at nursing homes.
Aged* ; Cognition ; Dementia* ; Depression ; Humans ; Motivational Interviewing* ; Nursing Homes* ; Nursing*

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to develop a motivational interviewing program for exercise improvement in persons with physical disabilities and to examine the effect of this motivational interviewing intervention. METHODS: The study employed a nonequivalent control group pretest and posttest design. A total of 62 persons with physical disabilities (30 in the experimental group, 32 in the control group) were recruited from 2 community rehabilitation centers. The experimental group received 8 sessions of a group motivational interviewing program, scheduled once a week, with each session lasting 60 minutes. Test measures were completed before the intervention, immediately after the end of the intervention, 2 weeks later, and 6 weeks after the end of the intervention. Measures included self-efficacy for exercise, decisional balance for exercise, stage of change for exercise, regularity of exercise, exercise maintenance, and independent living ability. Data were analyzed using the χ²-test, Fisher's exact test, Independent samples t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA, conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 18. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significant increase in self-efficacy for exercise (F=50.98, p<.001), benefit (pros) of exercise (F=24.16, p<.001), and independent living ability (F=50.94, p<.001), and a significant decrease in loss (cons) of exercise (F=26.50, p<.001). There were significant differences between the two groups in stages of change for exercise (p<.001), regularity of exercise (p<.001), and exercise maintenance (χ²=26.61, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The motivational interviewing program has the potential to improve exercise levels in persons with physical disabilities.
Disabled Persons ; Humans ; Independent Living ; Motivational Interviewing* ; Rehabilitation Centers