Generally, small for gestational age(SGA) infants will catch up with growth after birth, but some SGAs fail to show enough catch-up growth, leading to physical growth backwardness, and the risk of metabolic diseases in adult offspring increases. The application of exogenous growth hormone replacement therapy can ensure and promote the occurrence of SGA catching up with growth. However, as growth hormone exerts therapeutic effects in related clinical diseases, clinical attention is gradually being paid to whether growth hormone may bring long-term risks. This article aims to review the efficacy and potential risks of growth hormone treatment for SGA.

Although significant progress has been made in the development of novel targeted drugs for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)in recent years,chemotherapy still remains the mainstay of treatment and the overall survival is poor in most patients.Here,we demonstrated the antileukemia activity of a novel small molecular compound NL101,which is formed through the modification on bendamustine with a suberanilohydroxamic acid(SAHA)radical.NL101 suppresses the proliferation of myeloid malignancy cells and primary AML cells.It induces DNA damage and caspase 3-mediated apoptosis.A genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)library screen revealed that phosphatase and tensin homologous(PTEN)gene is critical for the regulation of cell survival upon NL101 treatment.The knockout or inhibition of PTEN significantly reduced NL101-induced apoptosis in AML and myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS)cells,accompanied by the activation of protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway.The inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)by rapamycin enhanced the sensitivity of AML cells to NL101-induced cell death.These findings uncover PTEN protein expression as a major determinant of chemosensitivity to NL101 and provide a novel strategy to treat AML with the combination of NL101 and rapamycin.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation in the treatment of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children.Methods:The clinical data of 78 children with Gartland type II and type III straight-type supracondylar fractures of the humerus who received treatment in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from October 2019 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. These children were divided into an observation group ( n = 38) and a control group ( n = 40) according to different treatment methods. The observation group was subjected to ultrasound-guided closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation. The control group was given C-arm fluoroscopy-guided closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation. Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), clinical healing time, operative time, and the incidence of intraoperative complications such as vascular and nerve injury were compared between the two groups. Results:Both groups of children achieved closed reduction without open reduction. The operative time in the observation group was (30.68 ± 5.45) minutes, which was significantly shorter than (40.54 ± 5.78) minutes in the control group ( t = 2.30, P < 0.05). The healing time of the fracture in the observation and control groups was (32.73 ± 4.56) days and (36.47 ± 6.24) days, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The range of joint motion and elbow hyperextension angle range in the observation group were (148.78 ± 3.81)° and (8.72 ± 8.92)°, respectively, and they were (147.24 ± 4.36)° and (7.98 ± 8.86)°, respectively in the control group. There were no significant differences in the range of joint motion and elbow hyperextension angle range between the two groups (both P > 0.05). The excellent and good rate of joint function in the control and observation groups was 92.5% (37/40) and 92.1% (35/38), respectively. There was no significant difference in excellent and good rate of joint function between the two groups ( P > 0.05). There were three cases of postoperative nerve damage in the control group and no vascular or nerve damage was observed in the observation group. There were significant differences in the number of cases of vascular or nerve injury between the two groups ( χ2 = 3.97, both P < 0.05). Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation for the treatment of supracondylar fractures of the humerus can shorten the operative time, decrease the incidence of intraoperative nerve injury, and reduce the X-ray exposure time of doctors and patients.