Aneurysms of the pineal region are rare and theoretically could arise from the medial posterior choroidal artery (MPChoA) or lateral posterior choroidal arteries (LPChoA). A 64-year-old lady with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) due to a ruptured MPChoA aneurysm was treated with microsurgical aneurysm excision via an occipital interhemispheric approach. This case demonstrates the importance of being mindful of rare aneurysm locations when initial vascular imaging in SAH appears normal.

Aneurysms of the pineal region are rare and theoretically could arise from the medial posterior choroidal artery (MPChoA) or lateral posterior choroidal arteries (LPChoA). A 64-year-old lady with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) due to a ruptured MPChoA aneurysm was treated with microsurgical aneurysm excision via an occipital interhemispheric approach. This case demonstrates the importance of being mindful of rare aneurysm locations when initial vascular imaging in SAH appears normal.

Aneurysms of the pineal region are rare and theoretically could arise from the medial posterior choroidal artery (MPChoA) or lateral posterior choroidal arteries (LPChoA). A 64-year-old lady with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) due to a ruptured MPChoA aneurysm was treated with microsurgical aneurysm excision via an occipital interhemispheric approach. This case demonstrates the importance of being mindful of rare aneurysm locations when initial vascular imaging in SAH appears normal.

Objective To explore and verify the protective and therapeutic effects and possible mechanisms of Zukamu granules on hypoxia alone and hypoxia+Su5416-induced hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH)in mice.Methods Multiple databases and related literature were used to collect the active ingredients data in Zukamu granules and the HPH-related targets were predicted and obtained.The network construction and enrichment analysis were performed.The HPH mouse models were es-tablished by two-week hypoxia and four-week hypoxia+Su5416 induction,and the relevant indicators and the main pharmacodyna-mic indexes such as right ventricular pressure were tested.Masson staining was used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissues,and Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of bax,bcl-2,PI3K,p-PI3K,eNOS,and HIF-1α in lung tis-sues.Results A total of 167 active ingredients of Zukamu granules were screened,with 179 intersecting targets with HPH,in-cluding targets like PIK3CA and HIF-1.The validation experimental results showed that Zukamu granules could significantly re-duce right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy in HPH mice,and down-regulate the expression of bcl-2 and HIF-1α and up-regulate the expression of bax,PI3K,p-PI3K and eNOS in mice lung tissues.Conclusion Zukamu gran-ules may act against HPH by modulating bax/bcl and PI3K-eNOS/HIF-1α signaling pathways.

Interpreting genes of interest is essential for identifying molecular mechanisms, but acquiring such information typically involves tedious manual retrieval. To streamline this process, the fanyi package offers tools to retrieve gene information from sources like National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), significantly enhancing accessibility. Additionally, understanding the latest research advancements and sharing achievements are crucial for junior researchers. However, language barriers often restrict knowledge absorption and career development. To address these challenges, we developed the fanyi package, which leverages artificial intelligence (AI)-driven online translation services to accurately translate among multiple languages. This dual functionality allows researchers to quickly capture and comprehend information, promotes a multilingual environment, and fosters innovation in academic community. Meanwhile, the translation functions are versatile and applicable beyond biomedicine research to other domains as well. The fanyi package is freely available at https://github.com/YuLab-SMU/fanyi.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection, nephrotoxicity caused by calcineurin inhibitors and other factors cause excessive accumulation of renal extracellular matrix after kidney transplantation, which gradually induce renal fibrosis and eventually lead to renal failure. In recent years, the mechanism of macrophages in renal allograft fibrosis has gradually captivated widespread attention. Studies have shown that some drugs like mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors may mitigate renal allograft fibrosis through the macrophage. In this article, the main pathogenesis and pathophysiological mechanism of renal allograft fibrosis, the role of different macrophages in the progression of renal allograft fibrosis, the infiltration of peripherally-recruited macrophages and renal resident macrophages into renal injury areas, the induction of myofibroblasts by macrophages and potential treatment regimens of macrophage-associated renal allograft fibrosis were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for investigating the role of macrophages in renal allograft fibrosis.

Objective:To explore the safety and nosocomial infection control measures of COVID-19 patients of end-stage respiratory failure after lung transplantation.Methods:Lung transplantation was performed for a COVID-19 patient with end-stage respiratory failure after a negative conversion of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid. Before operation, all medical staff received simulated training on nosocomial infection. The procedures were performed in an operation room with a negative pressure environment. The three-grade preventive strategy was implemented and wearing positive pressure protective mask of electric air supply required. During operation, the patient was managed according to the in-hospital protection process. The environment and medical instruments were disinfected after operation.Results:The operation was completed successfully. The 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test was negative for many times after operation. Participants were placed in medical isolation for 14 days after surgery. During the period, nucleic acid test was negative twice.Conclusions:As an exploratory treatment, lung transplantation is a safe option for end-stage respiratory failure in COVID-19 in operation room with a negative pressure environment and implementations of three-grade preventive strategy.

Objective The prevalence of obesity is constantly increasing. Multiple metabolic complications are related to obesity, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of obesity comorbidities and its association with BMI. Methods 765 individuals who visited the multidisciplinary clinic for obesity in Peking University First Hospital from 2015, Jun. to 2018, Sept. were enrolled in this study. The height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference were measured during the first visit. Body adipose percentage and basal metabolic rate were recorded. Questionnaires for daily food intake, comorbidity, and lifestyle were recorded. Fasting insulin, C peptide, glucose, HbA1C , uric acid, liver enzymes and lipid profile were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16. 0, and P<0. 05 was considered as statistical significant. Results Daily energy intake was higher in obesity group [ obese vs non-obese, (2136.6±739.4vs1905.7±468.4)kcal/d,P=0.046].Hypertension,NAFLDandgoutriskincreasedsignificantly in obesity group (obese vs non-obese, 36.0％vs 24.5％, P=0.02;76.5％ vs 60.6％, P<0.01;6.9％ vs 1.8％, P=0.04, respectively) . Family history of obesity and diabetes increased in obesity group ( obese vs non-obese, 64.5％vs 53.6％, P=0.03;47.4％vs 37.3％, P=0.048). Fasting insulin and C-peptide levels were higher in obesity group [obese vs non-obese, (24.8 ± 15.3 vs 13.6 ± 9.5)μIU/ml, P<0.01;(3.72 ± 1.40 vs 2.70 ± 1.16)μIU/ml, P<0.01). Liver enzymes increased significantly in obesity group [obese vs non-obese, (47.2±45.4 vs 23.3±21.4)U/L, P<0.01; ( 30. 4 ± 24. 0 vs 19. 9 ± 8. 5 ) U/L, P=0. 001 ] . Conclusions Obesity population had higher risk of hypertension, NAFLD and gout. Fasting insulin, C-peptide, liver enzymes, and UA also increased significantly in these patients. It is critically important to those obese individuals for regular screening of NAFLD and diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the correlations among homocysteine(Hcy)level,serum cystatin C (Cys-c)and diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN).Methods Two hundred and three diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes were enrolled,including 123 DPN patients(DPN+)and 80 non-DPN(DPN-)patients.Levels of serum Hcy,Cys-c,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and fiber fibrinogen(Fg)were detected.The above indi-cators and the baseline data such as sex,age,duration,BMI,WHR,HOMA-IR(CP),HOMA-islet(CP)were statistically analyzed. Results Hcy,Cys-c,and the duration of the DPN+ group were significantly higher than those in the DPN-group(P<0.05,respectively).HOMA-islet(CP)in the DPN-group was markedly higher than that in the DPN+group(P<0.01).The prevalence of DPN in the high level of Hcy group was much higher than that in the low and the normal level of Hcy group.Hcy was still significantly correlated with the Cys-c after taking the controlled procedure such as duration and fibrinogen. Conclusion High levels of Hcy and Cys-c are the criti-cal risk factors of DPN,collaborative determination of Hcy and Cys-c level might be of quitevaluable in early diag-nosis of DPN.

Objective To evaluate the effect of fluid management guided by stroke volume variation (SVV) on postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing lung transplantation.Methods Thirty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅲ or Ⅳ patients of both sexes,aged 51-78 yr,with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2,undergoing elective double-lung transplantation,were randomized into 2 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:SVV group and central venous pressure (CVP) group.SVV was maintained at 8％-13％ in groupSVV,and CVP at 8-12 cmH2O in group CVP.Mean arterial pressure,heart rate,CVP,cardiae output,pulmonary arterial pressure,SVV and systemic vascular resistance index were recorded at 30 min after anesthesia induction (T0),30 min of one-lung ventilation on one side (T1),30 min after pulmonary artery occlusion (T2),30 min after pulmonary artery unclamping (T3),30 min of one-lung ventilation on the eontralateral side (T4),30 min after pulmonary artery occlusion (T5),30 min after pulmonary artery unelamping (T6) and closing the chest (T7).The amount of vasoactive drugs consumed and net volume of fluid infused during each period were recorded.The oxygenation index and blood lactic acid concentrations were measured at each time point and 2 h following admission to intensive care unit (ICU) (T8).The extubation time and length of ICU stay were recorded,and the occurrence of complications was observed.Results Compared with group CVP,CVP at T2,3,5-6 and SVV at T7 were significantly increased,CVP at T7,pulmonary arterial pressure at T2,5,SVV at T2,3,5-6 and systemic vascular resistance index at T2-6 were decreased,the net volume of fluid infused during both pulmonary artery occlusion periods was increased,the net volume of fluid infused was reduced during the pulmonary artery unclamping periods,the consumption of norepinephrine was decreased,oxygenation index was increased at T3-4,6,8,blood lactic acid concentrations were decreased at T2-6,8,and the extubation time and length of ICU stay were shortened in group SVV (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion SVV-guided fluid management can promote postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing lung transplantation.