Diaphyses ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Tibial Fractures/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical effect of intramedullary nailing through suprapatellar, infrapatellar and paracpatellar approach in treating tibial shaft fracture. METHODS: From June 2012 to June 2018, 36 patients with tibial shaft fracture were treated with intramedullary nails, and were divided into three groups according to surgical approach. Twleve patients were through suprapatellar approach, including 7 males and 5 females aged from 25 to 53 years old with an average of (37.8±11.4) years old;and 4 patients were type A, 4 patients were type B, and 4 patients were type C according to AO classification. Ten patients were through infrapatellar approach, including 6 males and 4 females aged from 19 to 56 years old with an average of (35.6±10.0) years old;and 3 patients were type A, 4 patients were type B, and 3 patients were type C according to AO classification. Forteen patients were through paracpatellar approach, including 8 males and 6 females aged from 21 to 58 years old with an average of (36.6±10.0) years old;and 4 patients were type A, 6 patients were type B, and 4 patients were type C according to AO classification. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy times, fracture healing time and complications among three groups were observed, and knee joint functions were evaluated by Lysholm score. RESULTS: All patients were followed up from 12 to 18 months with an average of (15.0±3.0) months. There were no difference in intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time among three groups ( CONCLUSION intramedullary nailing through suprapatellar for the treatment of tibial shaft fracture is benefit for fracture healing and recovery of knee joint function, while infrapatellar and paracpatellar approach have advantages in exposure of insertion point. We should select approach reasonably according to our experience.
Adult ; Bone Nails ; Diaphyses ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effects of intramedullary nailing through suprapatellar approach with semiextended position in treating tibial fractures. METHODS: From January 2018 to June 2019, 23 patients with tibia fractures were treated with suprapatellar approach intramedullary nailing on knee semiextended position, including 18 males and 5 females, aged from 26 to 67 years old with an average age of (38.5±9.6) years old. Eight patients were tibial proximal fractures, 7 patients were tibial shaft fractures, 6 patients were tibial distal fractures and 2 patients were tibial segmental fractures. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, complications and fracture healing time were recorded. Range of motivation of knee joint between 3 days and 3 months after operation were compared, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to evaluate clinical effects. RESULTS: All patients were followed up from 8 to 19 months with an average of (12.3±7.6) months. Operation time was (55.3±5.1) min, intraoperative blood loss was (84.0±8.7) ml. No obvious complications occurred. All patients were achieved bony union at stageⅠ, fracture healing time ranged from 3 to 8 months with an average of (4.6±1.5) months. Flexion extension range of knee motion at 3 days after operation was (110.4±15.3)°, and increased to (123.7±16.5)° at 3 months after operation ( CONCLUSION Intramedullary nailing through suprapatellar approach with semiextended position in treating tibia fractureshas advantages of simple operation, less trauma for soft tissue, less pain, rapid recovery of function and less complication. It is especially suitable for patients with tibial multi-segment fracture and multiple fractures of ipsilateral lower limb for safety and simple.
Adult ; Aged ; Bone Nails ; Diaphyses ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical results of locking compression plate combined with autologous iliac bone graft in the treatment of aseptic ulnar nonunion. METHODS: From March 2009 to July 2017, 22 patients with aseptic ulnar diaphyseal nonunion with complete follow-up data were treated with surgery, including 12 males and 10 females, aged from 16 to 58 (39.7±9.9) years old and ranging in course of disease from 10 to 192 (39.4±55.7) months. There were 15 atrophic nonunions, 5 hypertrophic nonunions and 2 synovial pseudo-articular nonunions. After debridement of the nonunion, locking compression plate was used to fix the nonunion and autogenous iliac bone graft was given. Bone healing rate, surgical complications and clinical results were evaluated. RESULTS: All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 13 to 42 months, with a mean of (22.5±8.2) months, and 1 patient did not heal. Visual analogue pain scores ranged from 0 to 3 (0.9±0.9). Pronation of forearm was 47 to 86 (69.0±14.7) degrees, supination was 35 to 85 (63.0±9.4) degrees, wrist flexion was 20 to 80 (51.0±10.2) degrees, wrist flexion was 32 to 88 (71.0±11.7) degrees, elbow flexion contracture was 0 to 25 (9.0±5.6) degrees, further flexion was 105 to 150 (134.0±13.9) degrees, and grip strength was 87% on the opposite side. According to the Anderson scoring system, 8 cases were excellent, 11 were satisfied, 2 were not satisfied, and 1 was failed. CONCLUSIONS LCP combined with autologous iliac bone graft can effectively treat aseptic ulna diaphyseal nonunion.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Bone Transplantation ; Diaphyses ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Ilium ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Ulna ; Young Adult

The aim of this study was to examine the bioactivity and osseointegration of Ti-6Al-4V alloy implant which was modified by an anodic oxidation and a cyclic precalcification treatments. After blasting treatment using HAp (Hydroxyapatitie; HAp) powder which is resorbable blasting media (RBM) on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy implants, the anodic oxidation treatment and the cyclic precalcification treatment were conducted to form nanotube TiO2 layer and HAp precipitation respectively. The surface morphology of the surface-treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy implant was investigated after immersion in the simulated body fluid(SBF) for 3 days to investigate the bioactivity. To investigate the effect of surface treatment on bonding between the implant and bone, RBM treated implant and RBM-anodization-cyclic precalcification(RACP) treated implant were placed on the distal side of both tibia diaphysis of rats, and then the removal torque of the implant was measured after 4 weeks. On the surface of RACP treated group, bone-like apatite precipitation was observed after immersion in SBF for 3 days. The removal torque was significantly higher in the RACP treated group than in the RBM treated group. The interfacial fracture between the implant and the new bone was observed in the RBM treated group, but both the cohesive fracture at the new bone and the interfacial fractures between the implant and the new bone were observed in the RACP treated group.
Alloys ; Animals ; Diaphyses ; Immersion ; Nanotubes ; Osseointegration ; Rats ; Tibia ; Torque

We present images of an 83-year-old female with a history of osteoporosis and bilateral total knee replacement arthroplasty, referred for bone scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT), owing to left knee pain. No trauma to, or intense exercise of, the kneewas reported. The bone scan and SPECT/CT revealed a focally increased Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) uptake in the medial cortex of the left femoral diaphysis with matched linear radiolucency on CT images. This was misinterpreted as atypical femoral stress fracture; however, focal stress reaction injury to the nutrient foramen was confirmed on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Diaphyses ; Female ; Fractures, Stress ; Humans ; Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteoporosis ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

Although stems improve initial mechanical stability in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA), ideal indications, proper lengths and diameters, and appropriate fixation methods remain controversial. The topics of the present article include the indications, selection of lengths and diameters, and fixation methods of stems in revision TKA. The use of a stem in revision TKA can protect the juxta-articular bone. A stem cannot be a substitute for optimal component fixation; it plays an adjunctive role in transferring the loads from the compromised metaphysis to the stronger diaphysis. Proper bone surface preparation and appropriate use of the stem based on a great store of knowledge are required to support the stemmed components effectively in revision TKA. The balance between overshielding and overloading the juxta-articular bone would provide excellent structural protection. The stem length and diameter should be tailored according to patients’ anatomical characteristics and determined fixation strategy. There are two traditional methods of stem fixation including the total cementation technique and the hybrid technique with a cementless press-fit stem. Selection of a cementation technique should be based on thorough consideration of advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Cementation ; Diaphyses ; Knee ; Methods

BACKGROUND: Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED) is a rare genetic skeletal disorder characterized by limb pain, muscle emaciation and weakness, and cortical thickening of the diaphysis of long bones. It is caused by mutations in the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) (type I) or other unknown gene(s) (type II). We present 8 consecutive patients with type I CED. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records and radiographs of type I CED patients with special reference to the mode of presentation, process of diagnostic work-up, and disease course. They were 4 sporadic patients, and two pairs of mother and son. RESULTS: We categorized the mode of presentation into three groups. Group I had 4 patients who mainly presented with motor disturbances in young age. They drew medical attention for waddling gait, awkward ambulation or running, difficulty in going upstairs, or a positive Gower's sign at age 4 to 6 years. Subsequent development of limb pain and radiographic abnormality led to the diagnosis of CED at age 6 to 29 years. Group II had 3 patients who mainly presented with limb pain at age 15, 20, and 54 years, respectively. Radiographic evaluation and molecular genetic test led to the diagnosis of CED. The remaining 1 patient (group III) was asymptomatic until age 9 years when bony lesions at the tibiae were found incidentally. For the last 10 years, he intermittently complained of leg pain in the morning or after sports activities, which did not interfere with daily life. All the patients in group I showed a body mass index in the underweight range (< 18.4 kg/m²). At the latest follow-up, 4 patients in groups I and II required medication for the limb pain. CONCLUSIONS: CED presents with a wide range of severity. Awareness of this rare disease entity may be the key to timely correct diagnosis. This disease entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of limb pain or motor disturbance in children to avoid unnecessary diagnostic work-up.
Body Mass Index ; Camurati-Engelmann Syndrome* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diaphyses ; Emaciation ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gait ; Humans ; Leg ; Medical Records ; Molecular Biology ; Mothers ; Myalgia ; Orthopedics* ; Phenotype ; Rare Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Running ; Sports ; Thinness ; Tibia ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Walking

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the radiographic and functional outcomes of flexible intramedullary (IM) nailing in adolescent patients with forearm fractures at the diaphysis or at the metadiaphyseal junction (MDJ). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the results of 40 patients who underwent IM nailing for pediatric forearm fractures. Thirty males and 10 females were followed for an average of 16 months (range, 12 to 20 months). Their average age was 11 years (range, 10 to 16 years). The average duration from the onset of trauma to surgery was 3.8 days (range, 1 to 36 days). Fracture sites were located at the MDJ of the radius in 8 patients (MDJ group) while 32 patients had middle-third fractures (D group). We assessed the magnitude and location of the maximum radial bow and range of movements. Functional outcomes were evaluated using Daruwalla criteria. RESULTS: Open reduction was carried out in 8 cases. Union was achieved at an average of 8.3 weeks postoperatively. The results were classified as good in 38 and excellent in 2 according to Daruwalla criteria with restoration of forearm rotation. The mean angulation at the last follow-up was 1.8° on the anteroposterior radiograph and 3.3° on the lateral radiograph (MDJ group: 1.8° and 2.1°, respectively; D group: 1.9° and 2.8°, respectively). There was no significant difference in the mean angulation between the groups. The mean magnitude of maximal radial bow was 5.7% ± 1.8% (MDJ group, 5.2% ± 0.8%; D group, 5.9% ± 1.9%). The mean location of maximal radial bow was 58.0% ± 8.8% (MDJ group, 56.4% ± 8.9%; D group, 58.6% ± 8.9%). The differences in the mean magnitude and location of maximal radial bow with the normal contralateral arms (7.0% ± 1.2% and 50.9% ± 6.0%, respectively) were not significantly different between the groups. Complications included superficial infection (2), delayed union (1), and refracture (1). CONCLUSIONS: IM nail fixation provided satisfactory results and maintained adequate stability for both forearm bone fractures in adolescents, even though the fracture was located at the MDJ of the radius.
Adolescent* ; Arm ; Diaphyses ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm* ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary* ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Male ; Radius ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) occur in two distinct part, subtrochanter and diaphysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the lateral femoral bowing angle and the location of AFF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included a total of 56 cases in 45 patients who underwent surgical treatment between January 2010 and December 2015. For the diaphyseal and subtrochanteric AFFs, we evaluated the relationship between the anatomic location and lateral femoral bowing angle. Lateral femoral bowing angle was measured by two orthopaedic surgeons and average value of two calibrators was used in statistic analysis. Other variables like age, height, weight, body mass index and bone mineral density were also evaluated. We also calculated the cutoff value for the location of the fractures from the raw data. RESULTS: The average lateral femoral bowing angle was 10.10°±3.79° (3°-19°) in diaphyseal group and 3.33°±2.45° (1.5°-11°) in subtrochanter group. Lateral femoral bowing angle was statistically significant in logistic regression analysis. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, cutoff value for the location of the fracture was 5.25°. In other words, the femoral diaphyseal fractures are more frequent if the lateral femoral bowing angle is greater than 5.25°. CONCLUSION: The lateral femoral bowing angle is associated with the location of the AFFs and the cutoff value of lateral femoral bowing angle was 5.25°.
Body Weight ; Bone Density ; Diaphyses ; Femoral Fractures* ; Femur ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; ROC Curve ; Surgeons