Guided by the turbidity toxin theory， it is believed that the key pathogenesis of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome is the obstruction of turbidity toxin and the disruption of intestinal function. Treatment is based on the principles of dispelling turbidity toxin and promoting intestinal function. The clinical patterns can be divided into three types， turbidity toxin heat accumulation pattern， turbidity toxin combined with liver depression and qi stagnation pattern， and turbidity toxin combined with qi and yin deficiency pattern. The treatment can respectively use self-prescribed Tongfu Jiangzhuo Formula （通腑降浊方） to clear heat and unblock the bowels， direct the turbid downward and resolve toxins； use self-prescribed Shugan Jiangzhuo Formula （疏肝降浊方） to soothe the liver and move qi， direct the turbid downward and resolve toxins； use self-prescribed Mazhi Jiangzhuo Formula （麻枳降浊方） to boost qi and nourish yin， moisten the intestines to remove turbidity and resolve toxins.

Chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG）， a common digestive system disease， has an unclear pathogenesis. Currently， it is mostly believed to be related to Helicobacter pylori （Hp） infection， immune factors， dietary factors， bile reflux， long-term use of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs， and other factors. Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death mechanism that is iron-dependent and characterized by disruption of iron metabolism and accumulation of lipid peroxides. More and more studies have found that ferroptosis is closely related to the onset of CAG. Professor LI Diangui， a master of traditional Chinese medicine， first proposed the turbid toxin theory， which holds that spleen deficiency and turbid toxin is the main pathogenic mechanism of CAG. Abnormal iron metabolism regulation is a prerequisite for the accumulation of turbid toxin in CAG， and ferroptosis is in accordance with the pathogenic mechanism （spleen deficiency and turbid toxin） of CAG. This article explores the pathological mechanism of spleen deficiency and turbid toxin in CAG from the perspectives of iron metabolism， oxidative stress， and lipid peroxidation， providing theoretical support of traditional Chinese medicine for the modern research on CAG. It enriches the modern scientific connotation of the turbid toxicity theory and provides new ideas and breakthrough points for the clinical treatment of CAG.

Chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG）， a common digestive system disease， has an unclear pathogenesis. Currently， it is mostly believed to be related to Helicobacter pylori （Hp） infection， immune factors， dietary factors， bile reflux， long-term use of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs， and other factors. Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death mechanism that is iron-dependent and characterized by disruption of iron metabolism and accumulation of lipid peroxides. More and more studies have found that ferroptosis is closely related to the onset of CAG. Professor LI Diangui， a master of traditional Chinese medicine， first proposed the turbid toxin theory， which holds that spleen deficiency and turbid toxin is the main pathogenic mechanism of CAG. Abnormal iron metabolism regulation is a prerequisite for the accumulation of turbid toxin in CAG， and ferroptosis is in accordance with the pathogenic mechanism （spleen deficiency and turbid toxin） of CAG. This article explores the pathological mechanism of spleen deficiency and turbid toxin in CAG from the perspectives of iron metabolism， oxidative stress， and lipid peroxidation， providing theoretical support of traditional Chinese medicine for the modern research on CAG. It enriches the modern scientific connotation of the turbid toxicity theory and provides new ideas and breakthrough points for the clinical treatment of CAG.

Objective To analyze the medication regularity of the prescriptions in the work of Li Dong Yuan; To provide references for inheritance of his academic ideas.Methods The prescriptions in the work of Li Dong Yuan were inputted into the TCM Inheritance Supporting System (V2.5). By using revised mutual information, complex system entropy cluster and unsupervised hierarchical clustering, the composing medication regularity was analyzed.Results Based on the analysis of 470 entries of prescriptions, the frequency of 44 entries was more than 30 times; 19 combinations contained 2 to 3 entries, including 11 entries in total; 14 medicine association rules and their confidence coefficient were obtained, which leaded to 54 new core combinations and 27 new prescriptions. Conclusion The results of this study show Li Dong Yuan’s academic idea of “internal injuries of spleen and stomach, all diseases will born”, which guides the medication regularity of using medicine with the functions of strengthening the middle jiao, invigorating yang, tonifying qi and reinforcing the stomach. The results also provide data support for further study.

Objective To observe the effect of Huazhuo-Jiedu-Huoxue Tongluo recipe on local inflammation of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. Method Fifty Kunming Mice were randomly divided into five groups: model group, high-dose group of TCM, low-dose group of TCM, nimodiping group and sham operation group. Each group had 10 mice. Mice models of the right middle cerebral artery CIRI in the first four groups were established through thread embolism method. Physiological saline was given to the mice in the model group and sham operation group. Nimodipine solution was given to the mice in the Nimodipine group. High and low dose of Huazhuo-Jiedu-Huoxue-Tongluo Chinese medicine decoction were given to the mice in the high dose of TCM group and low dose of TCM group respectively after the models were successfully established. To assess the expression level of IL-6 and TNF-α by radioimmunoassay after the treatment. Results Compared with model group [(219.29±39.28) pg/ml, (1.325 ± 0.236) ng/ml] , the level of IL-6 and TNF-α of high dose of TCM group[(120.69±49.23)pg/ml, (1.086±0.178)ng/ml], low dose of TCM group[(173.97±49.03)pg/ml, (0.937 ± 0.105)ng/ml]and nimodipine group[(170.88± 47.06)pg/ml, (1.092±0.184) ng/ml]decrease (P<0.05). There is no significant difference between the high dose of TCM group and the sham operation group (P>0.05). Conclusion Huazhuo-Jiedu-Huoxue-Tongluo recipe can restrain the expression of inflammatory cytokines and reduce the infiltrating of leukocytes in mice with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.

Objective To study the mechanism of Liangruntongluo Recipe (Chinese medicines with functions of cooling, nourishing and dredging collaterals) and its modified formula in improving gastrointestinal function of diabete smellitus (DM) rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were used. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected to rats to produce diabetic rat models. No Hypoglycemic drugs were administered to these rats to reduce blood glucose. After 18 weeks, warm water, Liangruntongino Recipe, Chinese medicines with function of nourishing, Chinese medicines with functions of cooling, and Cisapride were administered to the model rats. Detect the contents of plasma motilin (MOT), cholecystokinin (CCK), and somatostatin (SS) after 6 weeks. Results By affecting the secretion of gut hormone and having wide range of target, Liangrantongluo Recipe could regulate the disorder of gut hormone. The function of Liangruntongluo Recipe was better than its modified formula and cisapride.Conclusion Liangruntongluo Recipe can improve gastrointestinal dysfunction of DM rats.

Objective To study the mechanism of Liangruntongluo Recipe in improving gastrointestinal function on DM rats induced by STZ. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly: group A as model control group,group B as Liangruntongluo group,group C as Cisapride group,and group D as normal control group. There are 10 rats in each group. After the establishment of DM animal model with Wistar rats,the animals were raised for 6 weeks without any hypoglycemic agents. And then medicines were intragastric administrationed for another 6 weeks. In the 12th week motile and cholecystokinin in blood and tissue were tested. Result By the time of the twelfth week,the rats with DM presented the disorder of gastrointestinal hormone. Liangruntongluo Recipe affected the excretion and releasing of hormone in blood,stomach,and duodenum. With a wide target range,effect of Liangruntongluo Recipe is superior to Cisapride. Conclusions Chinese herbal medicine Liangruntongluo recipe has the superiority in improving the obstacle of the gastrointestinal function of diabetes mellitus.

0.05). Conclusion: Eliminating turbid and detoxication can improve gastric precancerous lesions in rats and reverse the pathological changes of gastric mucosa, and its role in gastric mucosa may be related to the impact of CyclinD1, PTEN mRNA expression.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of rhubarb on intestinal mucosa epithelial cells apoptosis of piglet with sepsis.Methods: The changes of apoptosis of intestinal mucosa epithelial cells were tested by flow cytometry and TUNLE.Molecular biology methods were used to observe the mRNA expression of zonula occludens(ZO-1),Occludin,TNF-?/IL-10 and the content of MDA,activity of SOD.Results: Compared with model group,the number of apoptosis cells in treatment group decreased apparently(P

OBJECTIVE: To establish an animal model of alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) and to observe the prevention and treatment with New Qinggan Decoction (NQGD). METHODS: Female SD rats were exposed to the mixture of white spirit and corn oil continuously for up to 6 weeks via an intragastric feeding protocol. The pathologic alteration of the liver and the changes of serum lipid were observed, and the effect of NQGD for preventing and treating AFL was studied. RESULTS: Wide hepatic steatosis was induced in model group rats. Serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) of the model group were higher than those of the normal group (P<0.01). Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of the model group were higher than those of the normal group (P<0.05). In NQGD group, hepatic steatosis was milder than that in the model group, and serum TG, TC, AST, ALT descended significantly as compared with the model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: AFL model of rats established by feeding the mixture of white spirit and corn oil is similar to the episode of the human AFL, and is easy to intervene with medicine. NQGD can prevent the occurrence of AFL in this model.