OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effects and mechanism of Xiangsha yiwei tang on gastric mucosal injury in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG）. METHODS Rats were randomly assigned into normal control group， model group， Xiangsha yiwei tang low-， medium- and high-dose groups （6， 12， 18 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， and high-dose group of Xiangsha yiwei tang+740 Y-P [Xiangsha yiwei tang 18 g/kg+transforming growth factor β1/phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase/ protein kinase B（TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt） pathway activator group 740 Y-P 10 mg/kg]， with 18 rats in each group. Rats in each group were administered the corresponding drugs via oral gavage or injection， once daily， for 4 consecutive weeks. Gastric mucosal blood flow， the levels of serum gastrointestinal hormones [including motilin （MTL）， gastrin （GAS）， and pepsinogen （PP）]， as well as inflammatory cytokines [including tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF- α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6] in rats were measured. Pathological damage to gastric mucosal tissue was observed in rats； the apoptotic rate of gastric mucosal cells was detected. The expressions of TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins [including B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）] in the gastric mucosal tissues of rats were assessed. RESULTS Compared with normal control group， model group had abnormal gastric mucosal tissue structure， with shedding of gastric mucosal epithelial cells， and prominent infiltration of inflammatory cells. Gastric mucosal blood flow， the serum levels of MTL， GAS， PP， and Bcl-2 protein expression were lowered significantly， while serum levels of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6， apoptosis rate， protein expressions of Bax and TGF-β1， the phosphorylations of PI3K and Akt were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group， Xiangsha yiwei decoction groups exhibited attenuated histopathological injuries in gastric mucosal tissues， reduced inflammatory cell infiltration， and significant improvements in the aforementioned quantitative parameters （P＜0.05）. Compared with high-dose group of Xiangsha yiwei tang， high-dose group of Xiangsha yiwei decoction combined with 740 Y-P exhibited significantly aggravated histopathological injuries in gastric mucosal tissues， and the aforementioned quantitative parameters were markedly reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Xiangsha yiwei tang can alleviate gastric mucosal damage in CAG rats， and its mechanism of action is related to the inhibition of TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Animal experiments are an essential component of life sciences and medical research. However, the external validity and reliability of individual animal studies are frequently challenged by inherent limitations such as small sample sizes, high design heterogeneity, and poor reproducibility, which impede the effective translation of research findings into clinical practice. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis represent a key methodology for integrating existing evidence and enhancing the robustness of conclusions. Currently, however, the application of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in the field of animal experiments lacks standardized guidelines for their conduct and reporting, resulting in inconsistent quality and, to some extent, diminishing their evidence value. To address this issue, this paper aims to systematically delineate the reporting process for systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and to propose a set of standardized recommendations that are both scientific and practical. The article's scope encompasses the entire process, from the preliminary preparatory phase [including formulating the population， intervention， comparison and outcome （PICO） question, assessing feasibility, and protocol pre-registration] to the key writing points for each section of the main report. In the core methods section, the paper elaborates on how to implement literature searches, establish eligibility criteria, perform data extraction, and assess the risk of bias, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis （PRISMA) statement, in conjunction with relevant guidelines and tools such as Animal Research： Reporting of in Vivo Experiments （ARRIVE) and a risk of bias assessment tool developed by the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE). For the presentation of results, strategies are proposed for clear and transparent display using flow diagrams and tables of characteristics. The discussion section places particular emphasis on how to scientifically interpret pooled effects, thoroughly analyze sources of heterogeneity, evaluate the impact of publication bias, and cautiously discuss the validity and limitations of extrapolating findings from animal studies to clinical settings. Furthermore, this paper recommends adopting the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to comprehensively grade the quality of evidence. Through a modular analysis of the entire reporting process, this paper aims to provide researchers in the field with a clear and practical guide, thereby promoting the standardized development of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and enhancing their application value in scientific decision-making and translational medicine.

Humans ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology* ; Genetic Markers ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Urothelium/pathology*

Objective:To understand the current status and analyze the factors of demoralization of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), providing references for targeted psychological interventions of nursing staff.Methods:Using the cross-sectional survey method, from August 2022 to January 2023, 282 CHF patients who were followed up in the Cardiovascular Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected as the study subjects. They were investigated using the General Information Questionnaire, Demoralization Scale Revised Mandarin Version, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), and the factors influencing the demoralization of CHF patients were analyzed using univariate analysis and multiple linear regression.Results:Among 282 cases, male 172 cases, female 110 cases, aged (62.29±10.05) years old. The Demoralization Scale Revised Mandarin Version′s score of CHF patients was (30.30 ± 10.37) points; the score of BIPQ was (42.18 ± 13.94) points; the score of FoP-Q-SF was (35.41 ± 7.29)points, which were at high level. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that patient disease duration, disease stages, New York heart association cardiac function classification, the score of BIPQ, and the score of FoP-Q-SF were factors influencing the demoralization of CHF patients ( t values were 3.08 to 12.50, all P<0.05). Conclusions:There is an urgent need to focus on the current status of the demoralization of CHF patients. It is necessary to develop a systematic and effective intervention strategy for demoralization, to take into account patient disease duration, disease stages, illness perception, and fear of progression in a comprehensive manner.

Objective:To explore the mediating role of disease progression′s fear and positive affect in the relationship between disease perception and demoralization in patients with chronic heart failure. It provided a theoretical basis for targeted interventions for healthcare workers.Methods:From October 2022 to March 2023, 320 patients with chronic heart failure in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling. The General Information Questionnaire, Demoralization Scale Redacted Mandarin Version, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Positive Affect Schedule) were used to conduct the questionnaire survey exploring the mediating effects of fear of disease progression and positive emotions between disease perception and disorientation by construction structural equation model.Results:There were 268 valid questionnaires. Of the 268 patients, 168 were male and 100 were female, 3.36% (9/268) were ≤40 years old, 55.22% (148/268) were 41-65 years old, and 41.42% (111/268) were >65 years old. Correlation analysis showed that disease perception was positively correlated with disease progression ′s fear, and every dimension of demoralization ( r values were 0.300-0.586, all P<0.01), and negatively correlated with positive affect ( r=-0.374, P<0.01); disease progression′s fear was negatively correlated with positive affect ( r=-0.318, P<0.01), and positively correlated with every dimension of demoralization ( r values were 0.339-0.464, all P<0.01); positive affect was negatively correlated with every dimension of demoralization ( r values were -0.430--0.334, all P<0.01). Structural equation model analysis showed that the direct effect of disease perception on demoralization was significant ( β=0.407, P<0.01), and both mediating effects of disease progression ′s fear and positive affect between disease perception and demoralization in patients with chronic heart failure were significant ( β=0.074, 0.079, both P<0.01). The chain mediating effect of disease progression ′s fear and positive effect was also significant ( β=0.019, P<0.01). Conclusions:Disease perception could directly predict the demoralization of patients with chronic heart failure and indirectly predict the demoralization of patients with chronic heart failure through the mediating effect of disease progression ′s fear, positive affect, and the chain mediating effect of disease progression ′s fear and positive affect.

Objective To investigate the effects of emotions(subjective well-being,depressed effect,worry,and guilt)on cancer(colorectal cancer,hepatic cancer,thyroid cancer,lung cancer,and breast cancer).Methods Two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization(MR)method was adopted.All data were based on summary data from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).Inverse variance weighting(IVW)was used to generate the main results,and weighted median(WM)and MR-Egger methods were employed to calculate supplementary results.The outcome measure was odds ratio(OR),and sensitivity analysis was conducted.Results For depressed effect,a significant association with lung cancer(OR=1.005,95％CI:1.001-1.009,P=0.015)was found.For worry,a significant association with breast cancer(OR=1.199,95％CI:1.011-1.423,P=0.038)was observed.For guilt,a significant association with thyroid cancer(OR=2.083,95％CI:1.080-4.017,P=0.029)was identified.After removing all potentially pleiotropic SNPs detected by MR PRESSO,the association between worry and breast cancer showed no statistical difference(P=0.064),while the association between worry and colorectal cancer remained significant(OR=0.739,95％CI:0.571-0.956,P=0.021).No causal relationship was found between cancer and emotions.Conclusion There is a causal relationship between depression and increased lung cancer incidence,guilt and increased thyroid cancer incidence,as well as anxiety and decreased colorectal cancer incidence.

[Objective] To analyze the correlation of the distribution and morphological characteristics of breast calcification with the risk of breast malignant tumors, so as to further reveal the important value of the calcification in diagnosis of breast malignant tumors. [Methods] A total of 108 patients who had received concurrent puncture biopsy and surgical treatment of breast calcification at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 were recruited, and their imaging data and postoperative pathological results were analyzed. We divided the distribution of breast X calcification into two categories based on segmental/linear calcification and regional/diffuse calcification. We classified the morphology of breast X calcification into punctate, small branching, polymorphic, amorphous, and coarse ones. We then explored the distribution, morphology, and BI-RADS classification of tumor calcification under breast X-ray, and its correlation with the occurrence, age, menopausal status, hormone receptors, and molecular typing of breast malignant tumors. [Results] Among the 108 patients enrolled in the study, 21 cases were malignant and 87 cases were benign. The results showed that the distribution of calcification was segmental/linear (χ²=11.2, P=0.003) and the calcification morphology was of small branching calcification (χ²=9.3, P=0.046). The detection rate in malignant tumors was significantly higher than that in benign tumors. The distribution and morphology of calcification were not significantly correlated with ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, pathological type, or molecular typing (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that , calcification distribution was segmental/linear [OR=19.94(3.061-129.9), P=0.002], calcification morphology was small branching [OR=3.906(1.141-13.37), P=0.030], and B-RADS classification was 4 grade and above [OR=39.99(2.703-591.7), P=0.007], which were closely related to the occurrence of malignant tumors. [Conclusion] For patients with breast tumors in which calcification can be detected under mammography, their imaging characteristics are closely related to the occurrence of malignant tumors. The distribution of calcification is segmental/linear, and the morphology of calcification is small branching/amorphous, which is more likely to be a malignant tumor and closely related to the occurrence of breast cancer.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of neonatal Ureaplasma parvum (Up) infection.Methods:From June 2021 to July 2023, a total of 2 890 neonates were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics. Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) was performed on 373 specimens from 157 infants, detecting Up sequences in 12 specimens from ten infants, with no detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum sequences. All ten infants with detected Up were included in a retrospective analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to summarize the clinical characteristics of Up-infected neonates.Results:All ten Up-infected neonates were preterm infants with a gestational age of (28.3±2.6) weeks (25 +3-33 +1 weeks). Seven were delivered vaginally; eight had mothers with premature rupture of membranes; seven had mothers with elevated white blood cell counts and/or C-reactive protein levels prenatally; one had a mother with Ureaplasma Urealyticum vaginitis. All ten infants experienced clinical deterioration after initial stabilization of their underlying conditions, primarily presenting with respiratory symptoms, including decreased blood oxygen saturation, diffuse reticular changes on chest X-rays by the second day of life, pneumonia, and atelectasis. Some also had fever, decreased heart rate, poor skin perfusion, and scattered bruises, with two cases of heart failure. Despite empirical antibiotic treatment, nine infants continued to have significantly elevated white blood cell counts, with only mildly elevated or normal C-reactive protein levels. Seven developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia, including four moderate to severe cases. After mNGS confirmed Up infection, all infants received macrolide antibiotics and symptomatic treatment, with individualized treatment courses. All were discharged after recovery with a median hospital stay of 58.5 d (range 26-100 d), though three had respiratory sequelae on follow-up. Conclusions:In preterm infants, clinical deterioration after initial stabilization, primarily with respiratory symptoms and persistent leukocytosis despite routine antibiotic treatment, should raise suspicion for Up infection. And mNGS aids in definitive diagnosis, and early initiation of macrolide antibiotics can improve clinical outcomes and long-term prognosis.

Human brain banks use a standardized protocol to collect,process and store post-mortem human brains and related tissues,along with relevant clinical information,and to provide the tissue samples and data as a resource to foster neuroscience research according to a standardized operating protocols(SOP).Human brain bank serves as the foundation for neuroscience research and the diagnosis of neurological disorders,highlighting the crucial rule of ensuring the consistency of standardized quality for brain tissue samples.The first version of SOP in 2017 was published by the China Human Brain Bank Consortium.As members increases from different regions in China,a revised SOP was drafted by experts from the China Human Brain Bank Consortium to meet the growing demands for neuroscience research.The revised SOP places a strong emphasis on ethical standards,incorporates neuropathological evaluation of brain regions,and provides clarity on spinal cord sampling and pathological assessment.Notable enhancements in this updated version of the SOP include reinforced ethical guidelines,inclusion of matching controls in recruitment,and expansion of brain regions to be sampled for neuropathological evaluation.

Objective To construct and identify an organoid model of human placental site trophoblastic tumor(PSTT).Methods The tumor cells were obtained by digesting and separating the PSTT tissues and then embedded in Matrigel.The organoids were cultured in the specific organoid medium.The histological morphology of the organoid model was observed by HE staining and the expression levels of the PSTT specific markers[human placental prolactin(HPL),human leukocyte antigen-G(HLA-G)and placental alkaline phosphatase(PLAP)]were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence,so as to evaluate the consistency between the organoid model and the PSTT tissue.Meanwhile,the morphology and forming efficiency of the constructed model were observed under a microscope after primary culture,passage generation and cryopreservation to evaluate its potential application as an organoid model in basic and clinical translational research of PSTT.Results The constructed organoid model could proliferate stably,growing from small microspheres into compact solid spheres or spheres with follicle-like structures,and could passage after fully grown in 7-10 days.The cell state remained stable after passage,frozen storage and recovery.HE staining showed that the morphology of the cells in the organoids was similar to that of the primary PSTT tumor cells,and immunofluorescence staining showed that the organoids highly expressed HLA-G and lowly expressed β-HCG,indicating that the constructed organoid model mainly contained intermediate trophoblast.Conclusion The adult-derived PSTT organoid(ADPO)models were successfully established.