Objective To explore the causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer via Mendelian randomization analysis.Methods Analysis was conducted on data from genome-wide association studies(GWASs)on Omega-3 fatty acids and breast cancer.The selected instrumental variables(IVs)comprised genetic loci associated with Omega-3 fatty acids.Various Mendelian randomization analysis methods,including inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method,MR-Egger regression analysis,weighted median,simple models,and weighted models,were used to evaluate the causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer.Results A total of 47 single-nucleotide polymorphisms strongly associated with Omega-3 fatty acids were selected as IVs.The analysis methods,including IVW method,revealed no causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer(P>0.05).Analysis methods,such as MR-Egger regression analysis,did not detect significant gene-level pleiotropy(P=0.319),which indicates the high sensitivity and robustness of analysis results.Conclusion The findings of this study suggest the absence of a causal relationship between Omega-3 fatty acids and the risk of breast cancer.

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the significant characteristics of malignant tumor development.It provides the tumor with sufficient energy and materials.During the process by which tumor cells acquire metabolic reprogramming,epigenetic changes play a crucial role.N6-methyladenosine(m6A)in mRNA is the most common post-transcriptional modification of mRNA.It regulates the transcription,maturation,translation,and degradation of mRNA.Studies have shown that m6A helps promote the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells.However,the complete mechanism still requires further research.METTL3 is a key enzyme for m6A methylation that catalyzes m6A progression by forming complexes with other proteins,such as METTL14 and WTAP.Notably,the critical role of METTL3 in the metabolic transition of gastrointestinal tumors has not been given due attention.This article summarizes the specific pathways through which METTL3 affects the reprogramming of cellular glucose metabolism in gastrointestinal tumors.We aimed to clarify the importance of METTL3 in the energy reprogramming of gastrointestinal tumors.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum vitamin D levels,vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism,and the incidence of chronic urticaria in children,and to provide clinical evidence for screening the genetic susceptibility of chronic urticaria in children.Methods Clinical data and peripheral blood samples were collected from 100 children with chronic urticaria in the test group and 100 healthy children in the control group who were admitted to the Dermatological Department of Pingshan Distinct Maternal and Child Health Hospital from December 2021 to January 2023.Chemiluminescent assays were used to measure the levels of 25(OH)D,IgE and IgG.PCR amplification was performed to amplify the VDR gene polymorphic sites ApaI,BsmI,TaqI,FokI,and Tru9I,followed by sequencing to assess the VDR gene polymorphism and the expression levels of the associated genetic polymorphic sites rs7975232,rs1544410,rs731236,rs2228570,and rs757343.Results The levels of 25(OH)D in the test group were lower than that in the control group,while IgE and IgG levels were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically sig-nificant.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the T allele of rs757343 was a risk factor for the incidence of chronic urticaria in children(OR=1.45 8,95％CI:1.015-2.153,P=0.047),while the CC geno-type of rs757343 and 25(OH)D were protective factors(OR=0.250,95％CI:0.056-0.786,P=0.031;OR=0.553,95％CI:0.373-0.713,P＜0.001).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for 25(OH)D,white blood cell count,neutrophil percentage,lymphocyte percentage,and basophil percentage were 0.928,0.701,0.808,0.797 and 0.753,all＞0.7.Conclusion Vitamin D can assist in the diagnosis of uricaria in children and evaluate the progression of the disease.25(OH)D is a protective factor for the onset of chronic urticaria in children,the T allele of the VDR gene polymorphism rs757343 is a risk factor for chronic urticaria in children,while the CC genotype is a protective factor.

To investigate the effects of ORF9 gene of porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2)on PK-15,eu-karyotic expression plasmid was constructed and transfected into PK-15 cells,and the effects of overexpression of ORF9 on proliferation,apoptosis and immunization of PK-15 cells were exam-ined by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR.The results showed that ORF9 gene overexpression signifi-cantly up-regulated the expression levels of the ER stress marker gene GRP78,increased the num-ber of S phase cells,accelerated cell cycle progression,increased the apoptosis rate of PK-15 cells,up-regulated the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes caspase-3,caspase-8,caspase-9,p53 and Bax(P＜0.01),down-regulated the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2,up-reg-ulated the expression levels of immune-related genes 1L-8,IL-10,NF-κB and TNF-α(P＜0.01),and down-regulated the expression levels of immune-related genes IL-2,IFN-β and IL-12(P＜0.01).The above results indicate that ORF9 gene may promote the proliferation and apoptosis of PK-15 cells and play a role in the escape process of PK-15 cells.

In order to understand the genomic characteristics and genetic variation and strain type of infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV)isolate GZGY2022,which caused the death of chickens in Guizhou farm,primers were designed to amplify the whole genome of the isolate,and genetic evo-lution and strain type analysis were performed after cloning and sequencing.The results showed that the A and B segments of IBDV genome were 3 260,2 827 bp,respectively,encoding VP2-VP5 and VP1 genes.The nucleotide sequence homology between the A and B segments of this strain and the VvIBDV were 96.2％-98.7％and 87.7％-98.9％,respectively,which is the highest with NN1172 strain,83.1％-94.7％and 90.1％-91.0％with other strains.The results of genetic evolution and strain type study showed that IBDV strains can be divided into 6 branches according to antigen and virulence,and the A and B segments of the strain were clustered in the evolutionary branch of VvIBDV,and the strain was A3B3 genotype according to the new genotype classification method.The results of amino acid sequence analysis showed that there were 3 and 7 unique amino acid site variations in the A and B segments of the strain,respectively,and 13 unique characteristic amino acid sites in the coding region of the full-length genome were consistent with VvIBDV.The VP2 sequence of segment A has 19 characteristic amino acid identical with VvIBDV,among which hyper variable regions 222A,242I,253Q,256I,279D,284A,294I and 299S were characteristic ami-no acid sites of the VvIBDV,and the heptapeptide region sequence SWSASGS was consistent with the virulent strain.The VP1 sequence of segment B has 10 characteristic amino acid identical with VvIBDV,among which 61I,145T and 287A were the characteristic amino acid sites of the VvIB-DV.In addition,the nucleotide sequence GGTGCC of 777-782 did not form the restriction endo-nuclease site of Kpn Ⅰ,and combined with the triplet site 145/146/147(TEG),the segment B was consistent with the NN1172 strain,showed that its virulence was slightly weaker than that of the B2 strain of VvIBDV.The results of recombination analysis showed that there were no breaks and recombination sites in the sequence of the strain,and no recombination event occurred.In summa-ry,this study found that GZGY2022 strain belonged to the A3B3 genotype non-recombinant VvIB-DV strain,and its special amino acid sites were consistent with the molecular characteristics of VvIBDV.This study lays the foundation for further exploring the genomic characteristics and path-ogenicity of VvIBDV.

Porcine parvovirus(PPV)is a causative agent of porcine parvovirus infection(PPI),which significantly impacts the pig industry due to its association with reproductive dysfunction.The condition is characterized by stillbirth,mummified fetuses,fetal weakness,and abortion in pregnant sows.The pathogenic mechanism remains incompletely understood,with no effective therapeutic drugs available currently.Despite extensive research on the host's response to PPV in-fection and identification of various signaling pathway transduction mechanisms,a comprehensive understanding is still lacking.This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding al-terations in related signaling pathways following PPV infection,provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of PPV and facilitate the drug development.

This study aims to investigate the effects of Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)on TLRs signaling pathway and its regulation of the secretion of inflammatory factors during the infection of testicular interstitial cells,In this study,the mRNA levels of TLR3,TLR7,TLR8,TRIF and MyD88 genes were detected by qPCR after 1 MOI dose of JEV was inoculated into testicular stro-mal cells at different time periods.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of TLR3,TLR7,TRIF and MyD88 protein at 6 h after JEV infection,and ELISA was used to detect the expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α at different time periods(6,12 and 24 h).The re-sults showed as follows:After 6 h of JEV infection,the mRNA levels of TLR3,TLR7,TRIF and MyD88 genes were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05),and the mRNA levels of TLR8 genes were down-regulated(P＜0.05).Western blot results showed that the protein expressions of TLR3,TLR7,TRIF and MyD88 were significantly up-regulated when JEV infected testicular stromal cells for 6 h(P＜0.05),which was consistent with the corresponding mRNA transcription levels.There was no significant change in TLR8 protein expression.ELISA results showed that 6 h after JEV infection of testicular stromal cells,IL-6 was significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α were not changed.TLR3,TLR7,TLR8,TRIF and MyD88 were si-lenced by siRNA,and the silenced cells were inoculated with JEV for 6 h,and IL-6 expression lev-els were detected by ELISA.The results showed that silenced TLR3,TLR7,TLR8,TRIF and MyD88 could significantly reduce the increase of IL-6 secretion induced by JEV infection(P＜0.05).These results indicated that JEV could induce the expression of inflammatory factor IL-6 by activating TLR3,TLR7 and TLR8 signaling pathway after infection of testicular stromal cells.This study provides a reference for further elucidating the mechanism of reproductive disorders caused by JEV infection.

Porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2)is the main pathogen causing porcine circovirus related diseases.PCV2 infection in pigs may lead to porcine dermatitis and nephrotic syndrome(PDNS)and weaned piglets multiple system failure syndrome(PMWS),etc.At present,the pathogenic mechanism is not fully understood.PCV2 is a single strand of negative link DNA,which can cause immune suppression in the body and lead to increased secondary susceptibility,which has a syner-gistic effect with various pig diseases and brings major economic losses to the pig industry.Al-though there are commercial vaccines,the prevention of vaccines has certain limitations and there is no effective drug treatment so far,an outbreak will threaten people's life and health and public safety,resulting in significant economic losses.In order to understand the latest progress of PCV2 escape mechanism and prevention and control,this paper summarizes the inhibition of interferon production,regulation of apoptosis,regulation of autophagy,regulation of pyroptosis and inflam-matory response,evasion of adaptive immune response,and prevention and control of PCV2,in or-der to provide new theoretical ideas for the research and prevention and control of PCV2.

Objective:To describe the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment process of one patient with primary thyroid mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma,in order to broaden the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this disease. Methods:The clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of one patient with primary thyroid MALT lymphoma were reported,and the relevant literatures were reviewed. Results:The patient complained of"bilateral thyroid enlargement for over 3 months",and the preoperative thyroid B-ultrasound and neck CT examination showed significant enlargement of thyroid.The patient underwent thyroidectomy on the right lobe behind the sternum,and postoperative pathological diagnosis confirmed primary thyroid MALT lymphoma.After a definitive diagnosis,the radiotherapy was performed on the thyroid lesion and cervical lymph node drainage area at a dose of 30 Gy/15 sessions.There was no disease progression 7 months after radiotherapy. Conclusion:Primary thyroid MALT lymphoma is a subtype of primary thyroid lymphoma(PTL)that commonly occurs in elderly female patients(＞60 years)accompanied by Hashimotos's thyroiditis(HT),and presents progressive enlargement of neck masses or lymph nodes in a short period.The clinical diagnosis of PTL relies on pathological biopsy,and there are significant differences in the clinical manifestations,treatment approaches,and prognosis among different subtypes of PTL.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury in children with biliary atresia after liver transplantation.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinical data of 115 children with biliary atresia who received liver transplantation for the first time in Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from December 2018 to November 2020 were collected.The patients were divided into AKI group ( n=39) and non-AKI group ( n=76) according to the diagnostic criteria of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes(KDIGO). The differences of clinical indicators between the two groups were compared, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for statistically significant variables ( P<0.05) to further determine the independent risk factors for AKI after liver transplantation. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used for comparison between groups.Measurement data with non-normal distribution were represented by M( Q1, Q3), and Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups.Count data were expressed as cases and percentage, and comparisons between groups were made using Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. Results:The incidence of AKI in biliary atresia patients after liver transplantation was 33.9%. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in age ( OR=0.721, 95% CI: 0.553-0.938, P=0.014), preoperative infection ( OR=3.307, 95% CI: 1.294-8.468, P=0.013), PELD score ( OR=1.065, 95% CI: 1.031-1.101, P<0.001), serum creatinine numerical value ( OR=0.745, 95% CI: 0.657-0.858, P<0.001), intraoperative red blood cell transfusion ( OR=1.034, 95% CI: 1.028-1.051, P<0.001) and intraoperative plasma transfusion ( OR=1.055, 95% CI: 1.025-1.086, P=0.002) between the AKI group and the non-AKI group ( P< 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the selected indicators by univariate analysis, and the results showed that preoperative infection ( OR=3.763, 95% CI: 1.185-11.945, P=0.025) and low serum creatinine ( OR=0.685, 95% CI: 0.570-0.823, P<0.001), intraoperative red blood cell transfusion ( OR=1.033, 95% CI: 1.015-1.056, P=0.028) was independently associated with postoperative AKI ( P<0.05). The inpatient treatment time in ICU and in hospital between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Preoperative infection, low creatinine numerical value and intraoperative red blood cell transfusion are independent risk factors for postoperative AKI in children with biliary atresia. AKI may prolong the time in ICU and in hospital.