Liver transplantation has currently become an important treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), significantly improving patients’ prognosis. However, liver transplantation still facing many challenges, such as donor sources, liver preservation technology, transplant rejection, biliary complications and postoperative tumor recurrence after HCC liver transplantation, which urgently need to be solved and optimized. With the development of new technologies, liver transplantation in our country is facing new opportunities and challenges. Domestic research teams actively respond to the needs of the times and continuously promote innovation and breakthroughs in the basic research of liver transplantation. This article reviews the cutting-edge progress in the field of basic liver transplantation research in 2024 and evaluates the important research achievements obtained by Chinese research teams in this field. The systematic sorting out of these research advances not only helps to promote the integration of Chinese characteristic liver transplantation research into the international academic system and the docking of Chinese liver transplantation research with the global forefront, but also helps researchers and clinical surgeons to fully understand the current status of basic liver transplantation research in China, provides a clear direction for future basic research, and thus promotes the vigorous development of Chinese liver transplantation cause.

ObjectiveTo observe the architectural parameter changes of the muscles around the knee in middle-aged and elderly women with early knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by musculoskeletal ultrasound, and to clarify the indicators of muscles that affect early KOA. MethodsFrom January to August, 2022, 20 healthy middle-aged and elderly healthy women (controls) and 20 middle-aged and elderly women with unilateral early KOA (KOA group) were recruited through Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, to measure muscle thickness of the popliteus muscle, the muscle thickness and the pennation angle of the quadriceps, as rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis longus and vastus medialis oblique. ResultsCompared with the healthy limb of KOA group, and the controls, the muscle thickness of vastus medialis longus, vastus medialis oblique and popliteus muscle of the affected limb of KOA group became thinner (t > 2.133, P < 0.05); the proportion of thickness of vastus medialis oblique to thickness of vastus lateralis became smaller (t > 3.660, P < 0.05). The pennation angle was smaller in the affected limb of KOA group than in the matched dominant side of the controls (t = 3.101, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the muscle thickness of vastus medialis oblique (OR = 0.235, 95%CI 0.068 to 0.805, P = 0.021) and popliteus muscle (OR = 0.387, 95%CI 0.152 to 0.980, P = 0.045) were related to the onset of early KOA. ConclusionThe thickness of vastus medialis longus, vastus medialis oblique and popliteus muscle decrease, and the balance of the strength of vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis weakens in the affected limbs of the middle-aged and elderly women with early KOA. The thickness of vastus medialis oblique and popliteus muscle are protective factors for onset of KOA.

Objective:To differentiate hyperintense hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in the hepatobiliary phase by MRI multimodal parameters.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study method was adopted. Clinical data on 15 cases with hyperintense HCC and 15 cases with FNH in the hepatobiliary phase admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University from January 2012 to December 2019 were collected. All patients with solitary lesions who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI examinations were included. Surgically resected specimens were verified by pathological and immunohistochemical examination. HCC and FNH imaging features were analyzed by two radiologists.Results:(1) HCC and FNH apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were 1 205.07±239.65×10 -3 mm 2/s and 1 434.73±217.6×10 -3 mm 2/s, respectively, and the SI ADC difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) between the two groups. (2) In the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI sequence, 15 cases of HCC were significantly enhanced in the arterial phase, of which 13 cases were characterized by continuous enhancement, and 2 cases were characterized by wash-in and wash-out enhancement. There was no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05) between the two groups. SI enhancement rate between HCC and FNH (1.39±0.60 vs. 1.33±0.50, P>0.05) had no significant difference. (3) HCC and FNH morphological features in the hepatobiliary phase included: annular hypointensity: HCC (8 cases) vs. FNH (0 cases); contrast filling defects: HCC (8 cases) vs. FNH (0 cases); linear hyposignal separation: HCC (10 cases) vs. FNH (0 cases); and stellate scars: HCC (0) vs. FNH (5 cases), and there were statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) between the two groups . Conclusion:Multimodal MRI have significant value for differentiating hyperintense HCC and FNH in the hepatobiliary phase.

Objective:To evaluate and quantify the degree of language impairment by obtaining the cerebral blood flow in the main language functional areas of aphasia patients after stroke with arterial spin labeling sequence, so as to make aphasia evaluation more objectively, accurately and effectively.Methods:From May 2016 to October 2019, 22 patients with aphasia after stroke and 22 healthy controls were collected from the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, for multimode MR scanning, and the patients were evaluated by aphasia scale during hospitalization. The classic language related brain area and potential language related brain area were selected as the regions of interest to extract the local mean cerebral blood flow. The differences of cerebral blood flow between the two groups were compared, and the correlation between the cerebral blood flow of each region of interest and the sub items of multiple language scales was analyzed.Results:Compared with the control group, the cerebral blood flow of the inferior parietal gyrus （AAL-11，(39.18±3.85) ml·100 g -1·min -1vs (50.41±1.93) ml·100 g -1·min -1， t=2.605）, angular gyrus （AAL-13，(39.90±3.29) ml·100 g -1·min -1vs (47.86±1.93) ml·100 g -1·min -1, t=2.087） in the patients was obviously decreased; In the relevant brain areas of listening comprehension, the cerebral blood flow of the inferior parietal gyrus (AAL-61, (33.86±4.15) ml·100 g -1·min -1vs (44.31±2.39) ml·100 g -1·min -1, t=2.179), superior marginal gyrus (AAL-63, (36.49±4.40) ml·100 g -1·min -1vs（50.17±2.26） ml·100 g -1·min -1, t=2.765), and angular gyrus (AAL-65, (35.56±4.24) ml·100 g -1·min -1vs(48.98±2.32) ml·100 g -1·min -1, t=2.777), Heschl gyrus (AAL-79, (47.30±5.11) ml·100 g -1·min -1vs（62.54±2.45） ml·100 g -1·min -1, t=2.689) and superior temporal gyrus (AAL-81, (43.56±4.82) ml·100 g -1·min -1vs (56.29±2.06) ml·100 g -1·min -1, t=2.429) of the patients was also decreased to different degrees ( P<0.05). In addition, the cerebral blood flow of the left insula (AAL-29, (46.59±3.76) ml·100 g -1·min -1vs (55.74±2.12) ml·100 g -1·min -1, t=2.120) and the rolandic island (AAL-17, (39.71±3.81) ml·100 g -1·min -1vs (52.48±2.01) ml·100 g -1·min -1, t=2.968)cover in the patients was also lower than that in the control group significantly ( P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation ( P<0.05) between the brain blood flow of the left inferior frontal gyrus, the triangle of inferior frontal gyrus, the insular lobe, the inferior parietal lobe, the bilateral superior marginal gyrus and the sub item scores of the language scale in the patients. Conclusions:The decrease of cerebral blood flow is the potential cause of the decrease of language function in aphasia patients after stroke. The decrease of cerebral blood flow in six brain regions, including the frontal inferior gyrus, the frontal inferior gyrus triangle, the insular lobe, the left and right superior marginal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobe, can be used as an objective quantitative index to reflect the level of naming function.

Objective To preliminarily investigate the clinical features and efficacy of surgical treatment of moyamoya syndrome in patients w ith hyperthyroidism. Methods From December 2002 to April 2013, 41 patients w ith moyamoya syndrome based on the disease of hyperthyroidism admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, the 307th Hospital of PLA w ere analyzed retrospectively. The clinical data w ere colected, including sex, age of onset, initial symptoms, progress symptoms, imaging features, Suzuki staging, and surgical efficacy, and they w ere compared w ith the clinical data of the patients w ith moyamoya disease treated at the same time. Results The ratio of male to female w as about 1∶4 in moyamoya syndrome patients w ith hyperthyroidism. The peak age of onset w as 25 to 34 years old. Compared w ith the patients w ith moyamoya disease at the same period, the proportion of patients w ith cerebral infarction as initial symptom w as higher in the moyamoya syndrome group ( 39.0% vs.24.2%; χ2 = 4.796, P =0.029), more patients had symptomatic progression (46.3% vs.25.4%; χ2 =9.207, P =0.002), and the proportion of of patients w ith cerebral hemorrhage as initial symptom w as low er ( 2.4% vs.14.6%; χ2 = 4.829, P =0.028). Thirty-seven patients w ho received encephalo -duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) w ere folow ed up for 43 ± 19 months. The results show ed that the clinical symptoms of 31 patients had different degrees of improvement. Conclusions Moyamoya syndrome of hyperthyroidism is more common in w omen. The risk of cerebral infarction is higher and more prone to have disease progression. The efficacy of EDAS is better for controling the progression of moyamoya syndrome in patients w ith hyperthyroidism.

We report 3 cases of successful pregnancies in women with a history of surgeries for gynecological malignancies and postoperative infertility, achieved by in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. All the 3 patients had clinical pregnancies without cancer recurrence. In such cancer survivors with infertility, the ovarian reserve is severely impaired by cancer therapies and assisted reproductive techniques should be the primary option.
Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; therapy ; Neoplasms ; surgery ; Pregnancy ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of uterine adenomyosis on the clinical outcomes of infertility patients treated with in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET).

METHODSA retrospective study was conducted of 61 IVF/ICSI-ET cycles as the study group, diagnosed with uterine adenomyosis by transvaginal ultrasound, and 164 IVF/ICSI-ET cycles of patients with tubal infertility as the control group. The baseline characteristics, ovary response and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate decreased significantly in the study group (P<0.05), and early abortion rate increased significantly (P<0.05). For patients with adenomyosis, GnRH-antagonist cycles tended to decrease clinical pregnancy rate and increase abortion rate (25.0% vs 45.0%, P=0.184; 66.7% vs 27.8%, P=0.247), and significantly decrease live birth rate (0% vs 30.8%, P=0.025), compared with GnRHa agonist cycles.

CONCLUSIONUterine adenomyosis decreases implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and birth rate, and increases abortion rate significantly in patients with IVF/ICSI-ET. GnRH-antagonist cycles have adverse effects on the outcomes of adenomyosis; GnRH agonist long protocol cycles may increase clinical pregnancy rate and decrease abortion rate.

Adenomyosis ; complications ; Embryo Implantation ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; agonists ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Hormone Antagonists ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; physiopathology ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

We report 3 cases of successful pregnancies in women with a history of surgeries for gynecological malignancies and postoperative infertility, achieved by in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. All the 3 patients had clinical pregnancies without cancer recurrence. In such cancer survivors with infertility, the ovarian reserve is severely impaired by cancer therapies and assisted reproductive techniques should be the primary option.

Objective To explore the effects of uterine adenomyosis on the clinical outcomes of infertility patients treated with in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection- embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI- ET). Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 61 IVF/ICSI-ET cycles as the study group, diagnosed with uterine adenomyosis by transvaginal ultrasound, and 164 IVF/ICSI-ET cycles of patients with tubal infertility as the control group. The baseline characteristics, ovary response and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results The implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate decreased significantly in the study group (P<0.05), and early abortion rate increased significantly (P<0.05). For patients with adenomyosis, GnRH-antagonist cycles tended to decrease clinical pregnancy rate and increase abortion rate (25.0% vs 45.0%, P=0.184; 66.7% vs 27.8%, P=0.247), and significantly decrease live birth rate (0% vs 30.8%, P=0.025), compared with GnRHa agonist cycles. Conclusion Uterine adenomyosis decreases implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and birth rate, and increases abortion rate significantly in patients with IVF/ICSI-ET. GnRH-antagonist cycles have adverse effects on the outcomes of adenomyosis;GnRH agonist long protocol cycles may increase clinical pregnancy rate and decrease abortion rate.

Objective To explore the developmental potential of embryos at different developmental days and provide evidence for blastocyst culture of non-top quality cleavage stage embryos in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Methods The clinical data of 687 FET cycles were retrospectively analyzed. According to the embryo freezing time, the patients were divided into day 5 (D5) blastocyst group (n=87), day 6 (D6) blastocyst group (n=111) and day 3 cleavage-stage embryo (D3) group (n=489) with hormone replacement cycles or natural cycles for endometrial preparation. The clinical pregnancy rates, miscarriage rates, and implantation rates were compared between the 3 groups. Results The clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate and implantation rate per transfer were 58.6%, 9.8%, and 42.9% in D5 group, 32.4%, 19.4%, and 23.3% in D6 group, and 44.9%, 16.4%, and 26.9%in D3 group, respectively. The clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate were significantly higher in D5 group than in the other two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The D5 blastocysts derived from non-top quality D3 embryos after cryopreservation can have better clinical outcomes than those derived from D3 cleavage-stage embryos and D6 blastocysts, and are therefore a better option than D3 cleavage-stage embryos in FET cycles.