Objective: To explore the effect of deep dermal tissue dislocation injury on skin fibrosis in pig, in order to provide some theoretical basis for burn scar treatment. Methods: The experimental research method was applied. Six 2-month-old female Duroc pigs were taken. Fifteen operative areas on the right dorsum of pigs on which medium-thick skin grafts and deep dermal tissue slices were cut and re-implanted were included into dermal in situ reimplantation group, and fifteen operative areas on the left dorsum of pigs on which medium-thick skin grafts and deep dermal tissue slices were cut and the deep dermal tissue slice was placed under the fat layer were included into the dermal dislocation group. The hair growth in the operative areas on post-injury day (PID) 7, 14, and 21 and the cross-sectional structure on PID 14 were observed in the two groups. On PID 7, 14, and 21, the skin thickness (the distance from the epidermis to the upper edge of the fat), the dermal thickness (the distance from the lower edge of the epidermis to the upper edge of the fat, excluding the fibrotic tissue thickness between the dermis and the fat), and the fibrosis tissue thickness of the dermis-fat interface (from the lower edge of the deep dermis to the upper edge of the fat in dermal in situ reimplantation group and from the lower edge of the superficial dermis to the upper edge of the fat in dermal dislocation group) in the operative areas were measured and compared between the two groups; the fibrotic tissue thickness at the dermal cutting interface (from the lower edge of the superficial dermis to the upper edge of the deep dermis) in the operative areas in dermal in situ reimplantation group was measured and compared with the fibrotic tissue thickness at the dermal-fat interface. Sirius red staining was performed to observe and compare the type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen content in the dermal-fat interface in the operative areas between the 2 groups and between the dermal cutting interface and dermal-fat interface in the operative areas in dermal in situ reimplantation group. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the positive expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), transforming growth factor β₁ (TGF-β₁), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the operative areas in the two groups. The sample number was 6. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test. Results: On PID 7, 14, and 21, the hairs in the operative areas in dermal in situ reimplantation group were denser than those in dermal dislocation group. On PID 14, the skin cross section in the operative areas in dermal dislocation group showed a "sandwich"-like structure, while the skin cross section in the operative areas in dermal in situ reimplantation group had normal structure. On PID 7, 14, and 21, the skin thickness in the operative areas in dermal dislocation group was (4 234±186), (4 688±360), and (4 548±360) μm, respectively, which was close to (4 425±156), (4 714±141), and (4 310±473) μm in dermal in situ reimplantation group (P>0.05); the dermal thickness in the operative areas in dermal dislocation group was significantly thinner than that in dermal in situ reimplantation group (with t values of -9.73, -15.85, and -15.41, respectively, P<0.01); the fibrotic tissue thickness at the dermal-fat interface in the operative areas in dermal dislocation group was significantly thicker than that in dermal in situ reimplantation group (with t values of 14.48, 20.58, and 15.67, respectively, P<0.01); there was no statistically significant difference between the fibrotic tissue thickness at the dermal-fat interface and the dermal cutting interface in the operative areas in dermal in situ reimplantation group (P>0.05). On PID 7, 14, 21, the type Ⅲ collagen content in the dermal-fat interface in the operative areas in dermal dislocation group was increased significantly compared with that in dermal in situ replantation group (with t values of 2.65, 0.61, and 7.39, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01), whereas there were no statistically significant differences in the type Ⅰ collagen content at the dermal-fat interface in the operative areas between the 2 groups (P>0.05) and the type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen content between the dermal-fat interface and the dermal cutting interface in the operative areas in dermal in situ reimplantation group (P>0.05). On PID 7, 14, and 21, PCNA, TGF-β₁, FGF-2, and HGF were positively expressed in the superficial dermis and adipose tissue in the operative areas in dermal dislocation group, while PCNA, TGF-β₁, FGF-2, and HGF were positively expressed in the superficial dermis, deep dermis, and adipose tissue in the operative areas in dermal in situ reimplantation group. Conclusions: Inadequate intrinsic thickness of dermal tissue is the key factor causing fibrosis, and the biological purpose of fibrosis is to "compensate" the intrinsic thickness of the skin. Besides, adipose tissue may also be an important component of fibrotic skin repair.
Swine ; Female ; Animals ; Dermis/pathology* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism* ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fibrosis ; Skin Diseases/pathology* ; Collagen/metabolism*

Artificial dermis is a kind of tissue engineering dermal substitute and is used to repair dermal defects caused by a variety of reasons. This article describes the characteristics and the mechanism of repair and reconstruction of bilayer artificial dermis. Based on domestic experience of clinical applications and relative literature of bilayer artificial dermis, more than 50 domestic experts in related field reached a consensus on indications, contraindications, operation procedures in clinical application, cautions, and treatment and prevention of complications of bilayer artificial dermis, providing reference for clinical application.
Consensus ; Dermis ; pathology ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Skin, Artificial ; Tissue Engineering

To explore the healing effect on wound after transplanting sheep acellular dermal matrix (ADM) microparticle together with autoallergic skin microparticle.
 Methods: The rats were divided into three groups. Full-thickness skin wound at size about 4.0 cm×4.0 cm was generated on the back of every rat. Group A, the sheep ADM microparticle and autoallergic skin microparticle were mixed according to the ratio of 5:1, coating on wound of rat back. Group B, the sheep ADM microparticle and autoallergic skin microparticle were mixed according to the ratio of 2:1. Group C, autoallergic skin microparticle was only put on wound and be covered with heterograft. We observed the development of wound healing and compared the wound contraction rate among the three groups.
 Results: Three groups displayed same speed on extending of autoallergic skin microparticle and wound healing. The skin microparticles in Group A were wrapped up by around tissues and fused each other. A few renewal blood vessels were found in tissues, and ADM was replaced by around tissues and mixed with autoallergic skin microparticle. At the muscle surface, a few derma tissues distributed into point or patch, and the wound contraction rate was the lowest one among the 3 groups. The skin microparticles in Group B were mixed with more sheep ADMs than those in Group A. Some ADMs were wrapped by around tissues but could not been absorbed. Sheep ADM microparticles were free from around tissues, and the wound healing was delayed. The wound contraction rate in Group B was higher than that in Group A. The wound healing in Group C was faster than that in Group B, but there were few derma tissues under the skin. The wound contraction rate was the highest one.
 Conclusion: Mixing sheep ADM microparticle with autoallergic skin microparticle according to the ratio of 5:1 is good for regenerating derma tissues, and it can improve healing effect of wound.
Acellular Dermis ; Animals ; Cell-Derived Microparticles ; transplantation ; Contracture ; pathology ; Postoperative Complications ; pathology ; Rats ; Sheep ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; pathology ; surgery ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in combination with porcine acellular dermal matrix (ADM) dressing for repairing deep burn wounds in limbs of patients with non-surgical treatment.

METHODSThirty-two patients with deep partial-thickness burn to full-thickness burn on the limbs admitted to our ward from June 2012 to December 2015, conforming to the inclusion criteria, were divided into group NPWT (n=10, treated with interval negative pressure drainage at -16.6 kPa), group ADM (n=7, treated with porcine ADM dressing), and group NPWT+ ADM (n=15, treated with interval negative pressure drainage and porcine ADM dressing as above) according to the random number table and patient's consent. After being treated for 21 d, residual wounds were cured by routine dressing change using sulfadiazine silver. On post treatment day (PTD) 7, 14, and 21, wound gross observation was conducted, wound drainage fluid volume was recorded, and wound healing rate was calculated. Wound secretion was collected for bacterial culture before treatment and on PTD 21, and bacterial clearance effect was recorded. The wound healing time was also recorded. Measurement data were processed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, one-way analysis of variance, and LSD test. Eenumeration data were processed with chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS(1) On PTD 7, the wounds of patients in group NPWT and group NPWT+ ADM were significantly shrinked as compared with those before treatment. Skin paddle scattered on the wounds of patients in group NPWT+ ADM on PTD 7. The wounds of patients in group ADM were slightly shrinked on PTD 7 as compared with those before treatment. On PTD 14, the wounds of patients in group NPWT were slightly shrinked as compared with those on PTD 7, while those in group NPWT+ ADM were significantly shrinked as compared with those on PTD 7. Skin paddle on the wounds of patients in group NPWT+ ADM on PTD 14 were increased and fused. The wounds of patients in group ADM were significantly shrinked on PTD 14 as compared with those on PTD 7. On PTD 21, partial wounds of patients in group NPWT were healed, while the wounds of patients in group ADM were slightly shrinked in comparison with those on PTD 14 and most of wounds were not healed. Most of wounds of patients in group NPWT+ ADM were healed. (2) On PTD 7, the wound drainage fluid volumes of patients in group NPWT and group NPWT+ ADM were obviously more than the wound drainage fluid volume of patients in group ADM (with P values below 0.01). On PTD 14, the wound drainage fluid volume of patients in group NPWT was significantly more than that in group ADM (P<0.01); while that between group ADM and group NPWT+ ADM was close (P>0.05). On PTD 21, the wound drainage fluid volume of patients in group NPWT and group NPWT+ ADM was significantly less than that in group ADM (with P values below 0.01). From PTD 7 to 21, the wound drainage fluid volumes of patients in group NPWT+ ADM were significantly reduced as compared with those in group NPWT (with P values below 0.01). (3) On PTD 7, the wound healing rates of patients in group ADM and group NPWT+ ADM were significantly lower than the wound healing rate of patients in group NPWT (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the wound healing rate of patients in group NPWT+ ADM was significantly higher than that in group ADM (P<0.01). On PTD 14 and 21, the wound healing rates of patients in group NPWT+ ADM were significantly higher than those in group NPWT and group ADM (with P values below 0.01), and the wound healing rates of patients in group NPWT were significantly higher than those in group ADM (with P values below 0.01). (4) Before treatment, the bacteria were respectively detected in 18, 11, and 23 wounds of patients in group NPWT, group ADM, and group NPWT+ ADM. On PTD 21, the bacteria were respectively detected in 2, 8, and 2 wounds of patients in group NPWT, group ADM, and group NPWT+ ADM. The bacterial clearance of wounds of patients in group NPWT and group NPWT+ ADM was significantly better than that of patients in group ADM (with P values below 0.01). The bacterial clearance of wounds of patients in group NPWT+ ADM was close to that in group NPWT (P=1.00). (5) The wound healing time of patients in group NPWT+ ADM was (18.7±1.2) d, which was significantly shorter than that in group NPWT [(23.9±1.5) d] and group ADM [(28.4±1.8) d], with P values below 0.01. The wound healing time of patients in group NPWT was significantly shorter than that in group ADM (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSNPWT combined with porcine ADM dressing can effectively remove wound bacteria, reduce wound exudation, and promote wound healing in repairing deep partial-thickness burn wounds and full-thickness burn wounds. Its clinical effect is better than NPWT or porcine ADM dressing alone, and this method may be suitable for patients with non-surgical treatment.

Acellular Dermis ; Animals ; Bandages ; Burns ; therapy ; Extremities ; pathology ; Humans ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Swine ; Treatment Outcome ; Wound Healing

Vibrio vulnificus infection can lead to the rapid expansion of cellulitis or sepsis and can be lethal. Vibrio vulnificus is transmitted through seawater or ingestion of raw or undercooked shellfish. We experienced an uncommon case of death due to Vibrio sepsis, which was confirmed by autopsy. A 56-year-old man who was a sailor was found dead in a fishing boat. Autopsy was performed 3 days later. External examination revealed a few blisters and erythematous lesions on both legs. Internal examination revealed a fatty liver and edema of the legs. The skin lesions on the legs showed blisters that extended from the epidermis to the dermis, accompanied by massive acute inflammation in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue with multinuclear giant cells, as noted on the histologic examination. Vibrio vulnificus was isolated from postmortem blood and subcutaneous tissue of the leg. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first autopsy case in Korea in which Vibrio vulnificus was isolated from postmortem blood. Herein, we present a case of sepsis due to Vibrio vulnificus which was confirmed by autopsy, pathological findings, and postmortem microbiological culture.
Autopsy* ; Blister ; Cellulitis ; Dermis ; Eating ; Edema ; Epidermis ; Fatty Liver ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Korea ; Leg ; Middle Aged ; Military Personnel ; Pathology ; Seawater ; Sepsis* ; Shellfish ; Ships ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Vibrio ; Vibrio vulnificus*

OBJECTIVETo study the possibility of removal melanin granules from autogenic acellular dermal matrix of giant nevus tissue by H2O2 bleaching technique.

METHODSA total of 32 skin specimens (0.5 cm x 0.5 cm) from giant nevus tissue and 1 piece (0.5 cm x 0.5 cm) of normal skin were obtained from the surgical removal. One giant nevus tissue was chosen as control. The others and the normal skin tissue were treated with solution of 0.25% Dispase II for digestion for 24 hours under normal temperature to remove epidermis. Then each piece was immerged into solution of 0.5% Triton X-100 for digestion for 48 hours in normal temperature. One giant nevus tissue and the normal skin tissue were chosen as control. The others were immerged into solution of different concentrations of H2O2, treated under different temperature and lasting for different period. Lastly, all specimens were treated with HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, light microscopy and so on.

RESULTSAfter giant nevus tissues were treated with solution of 0.25% Dispase II and immerged into solution of 0.5% Triton X-100 in normal temperature, nevus cells and all other cellular components of pigmented nevus tissues can be effectively removed, there were the cavities left by removal of cells without any residual cell debris, but still remaining part of pigment. Then each specimen were immerged into solution of different concentrations of H2O2, under different temperature and lasting for different period which can remove residual melanin granules. In solution of 3% H2O2 for 36 h under 37 degrees C, can remove all the melanin particles, the content of collagen type I in the obtained specimen was not changed. Collagen fibers were uniform in thickness, regular in arrangement with no obvious degeneration.

CONCLUSIONSWith solution of 0.25% Dispase II and solution of 0.5% Triton X-100 in normal temperature, all cells in nevus tissue can be removed effectively. Further treatment with 3% H2O2 at 37 degrees C for 36 h can remove all the melanin particles, while collagen type I has no obvious change. The preparation of acellular dermal matrix of the giant nevus may possibly be applied as autologous tissue implant to repair tissue defects.

Acellular Dermis ; Endopeptidases ; pharmacology ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; pharmacology ; Melanins ; Nevus ; pathology ; Nevus, Pigmented ; pathology ; Octoxynol ; pharmacology ; Skin Lightening Preparations ; pharmacology ; Skin Neoplasms ; pathology ; Skin Pigmentation ; drug effects ; Skin Transplantation ; Surface-Active Agents ; pharmacology

So far, studies on the mechanism of scar formation have mainly focused on cells, cytokines and extracellular matrix. Some studies have shown that fibroblast is one of the most important element in the process of scar formation, while epidermal and endothelial cells exert synergistic effects as well. Genetic factor can not be ignored in scar formation, either. Recently, studies have shown decisively the loss or damage of the three-dimensional structure of dermal tissue is the initiator of scar formation. Thus, the defect of epidermis template is proposed as a theory in order to explain the mechanism of scar formation. There are various techniques for scar treatment. The commonly accepted methods are physical therapy, pressure therapy, pharmaceutical therapy, radiotherapy, etc.
Cicatrix ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Dermis ; pathology ; Humans

PURPOSE: There are only a few reports of extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) of the external genitalia because it is a rare malignancy. We investigated patients with EMPD of the penis and scrotum and report the outcome of surgical management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2000 to 2012, a total of 19 patients diagnosed as having penile and scrotal EMPD underwent wide local excision with or without intraoperative frozen biopsy or preoperative mapping biopsy. The medical charts of these patients were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. Mean follow-up was 22.5 months (range, 1 to 60 months). RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 68 years (range, 57 to 82 years). In some patients, the lesions were misdiagnosed as either eczema or some other benign skin lesion at outside institutions, with a mean delay in diagnosis of 43.5 months (range, 1 to 198 months). Intraoperative frozen biopsy or preoperative mapping biopsy was performed in 18 patients. The resection margin was negative in 9 patients (47.4%) and positive in 10 patients (57.6%). Intraepithelial EMPD without dermis invasion was observed in 5 patients (26.3%), whereas diseases with dermis invasion were noted in 14 patients (73.7%). During the follow-up period, recurrences occurred in four patients, and two patients with dermis invasion and recurrence died from the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of EMPD should not be delayed to allow for prompt management. Our findings suggest that intraoperative frozen biopsy or preoperative mapping biopsy cannot guarantee negative margins on final pathology. However, preoperative mapping biopsy and wide local excision with intraoperative frozen biopsy demonstrates good prognosis of EMPD, especially in those cases without dermal invasion.
Biopsy ; Dermis ; Diagnosis ; Eczema ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Genitalia* ; Humans ; Male ; Paget Disease, Extramammary* ; Pathology ; Penis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Scrotum ; Skin

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of burn denatured acellular dermal matrix (DADM) as dermal substitute in repairing wounds.

METHODS(1) Nine Wistar rats received a deep partial-thickness scald on the back. Full-thickness wounded skin was collected on post scald day (PBD) 1, 2, and 3 (with 3 rats at each time point), and it was treated with 2.5 g/L trypsin/0.5% Triton X-100 to remove cells to prepare DADM, respectively called DADM-1 d, DADM-2 d, and DADM-3 d. Another 3 rats without scald injury were treated with the same method as above to prepare acellular dermal matrix (ADM) to serve as control. Gross and histological observations and microbiological and biomechanical tests, including ultimate tensile strength, maximum tension, stretched length at breaking, stress-strain relationship, were conducted for the resulting ADM and DADM. (2) Another 64 rats were divided into ADM group and DADM-1 d, DADM-2 d, and DADM-3 d groups according to the random number table, with 16 rats in each group. A skin flap in size of 2.0 cm×1.8 cm was raised on the back of each rat. The above-mentioned ADM, DADM-1 d, DADM-2 d, and DADM-3 d were cut into pieces in the size of 1.8 cm×1.5 cm, and they were respectively implanted under the skin flaps of rats in corresponding group. At post surgery week (PSW) 1, 3, 5, or 9, 4 rats in each group were used to observe wound healing condition and change in implants with naked eye, and histological observation of the implants was conducted. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and t test.

RESULTS(1) The freshly prepared DADM was milky white, soft in texture with flexibility, but poor in elasticity as compared with ADM. No epithelial structure or cellular component was observed in ADM or DADM under light microscope. Collagen fibers of DADM were seen to be thickened unevenly and arranged in disorder and eosinophilic. All microbiological results of DADM were negative. There was no statistically significant difference among DADM-1 d, DADM-2 d, and DADM-3 d in levels of ultimate tensile strength, maximum tension, stretched length at breaking, and stress-strain relationship (with F values from 0.088 to 3.591, P values all above 0.05). Values of the above-mentioned four indexes were the highest in DADM-3 d, they were respectively (13.0 ± 2.4) MPa, (61 ± 4) N, (173 ± 7)%, (45.7 ± 2.0)%. Values of the four indexes of ADM were respectively (19.0 ± 2.6) MPa, (95 ± 4) N, (201 ± 5)%, (62.5 ± 2.2)%, which were higher than those of DADM-1 d, DADM-2 d, and DADM-3 d (with t values from 6.424 to 17.125, P values all below 0.01). (2) No exudate or swelling in the wounds of rats, and no contraction or curling of implants were observed in every group at PSW 1, but inflammatory cells infiltration and Fbs inward migration were observed in the wound. At PSW 3, the growth of hair was normal in the wound in DADM-1 d, DADM-2 d, and ADM groups, but few and scattered hair grew in DADM-3 d group. The inflammatory cells decreased, while Fbs increased, and new capillaries were found to grow inwardly in each group. The decrease in inflammatory cells was slightly delayed in DADM-3 d group. At PSW 5, hair growth became normal, and implants shrank and thinned with fiber membrane wrapped densely and bundles of ingrowing large caliber blood vessels in all groups. The dermal matrix in each group merged with the surrounding normal tissue. At PSW 9, ADM and DADM became white, thin, and soft tissue sheet which was closely connected with the inner side of the flap. There was no infiltration of inflammatory cells in implants in either group. The collagen fibers arranged regularly and densely, and they were integrated with normal collagen tissue.

CONCLUSIONSThe burned DADM does not have obvious immunogenicity, but with good biocompatibility. It is prospective to become as a dermal substitute in repairing wounds.

Acellular Dermis ; Animals ; Burns ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Skin, Artificial ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of three kinds of artificial dermal scaffolds on vascularization and scar formation of wounds in pigs with full-thickness burn.

METHODSEighteen Bama miniature pigs were divided into chitosan scaffold (CS) group, sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan scaffold (SCCS) group, and acellular dermal matrix (ADM) scaffold group according to the random number table, with 6 pigs in each group. Every pig in all groups was inflicted with 4 or 8 full-thickness scald wounds on the back (totally 96 wounds). Forty-eight hours after injury, eschars of all wounds were excised. Twenty-four wounds in CS group were transplanted with double-layer artificial dermis of collagen-chitosan and silicone rubber, those in SCCS group with double-layer artificial dermis of collagen-sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan and silicone rubber, and those in ADM scaffold group with ADM. The rest 24 wounds in the three groups were dressed with vaseline gauze as control group. After 2 weeks of treatment, all wounds of every group were covered with skin. In post treatment (scaffold transplantation or gauze covering) week (PTW) 1, 2, 3, and 4, gross condition of wound was observed, and specimens from central parts of wounds were harvested for observation and assessment of vessels or cells with positive expression of CD31, α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), TGF-β(1) and TGF-β(3) with SP staining. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and LSD test.

RESULTS(1) Degree of vascularization in SCCS group was better than that in the other three groups. (2) The number of vessels with positive expression of CD31 in CS, SCCS, ADM scaffold, and control groups increased gradually from PTW 1 to PTW 3, and decreased in PTW 4. There were statistical differences among 4 groups from PTW 1 to PTW 4 (with F value respectively 24.005, 38.822, 25.274, 3.856, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The numbers of vessels that expressed CD31 in SCCS group from PTW 1 to PTW 3 were more than those in the other three groups (with P values all below 0.05). (3) The numbers of vessels that expressed α-SMA in CS, SCCS, and ADM scaffold groups from PTW 1 to PTW 3 showed the similar trend of change to those of vessels that expressed CD31, which increased gradually in control group from PTW 1 to PTW 4. There were obvious differences among 4 groups from PTW 1 to PTW 4 (with F value respectively 22.637, 28.087, 62.651, 18.055, P values all below 0.01). The number of vessels that expressed α-SMA in SCCS group from PTW 1 to PTW 4 was more than that in the other three groups (with P values all below 0.05). (4) From PTW 1 to PTW 4, the number of cells with expression of TGF-β(1) in CS group was respectively (127 ± 8), (167 ± 19), (170 ± 18), (144 ± 10) per 400 times visual field, that in SCCS group was respectively (171 ± 17), (207 ± 25), (130 ± 30), (69 ± 16) per 400 times visual field, that in ADM scaffold group was respectively (106 ± 8), (159 ± 17), (171 ± 11), (145 ± 11) per 400 times visual field, and that in control group was respectively (100 ± 20), (150 ± 18), (200 ± 14), (172 ± 20) per 400 times visual field. There were statistical differences among 4 groups from PTW 1 to PTW 4 (with F value respectively 29.675, 9.503, 13.107, 54.515, P values all below 0.01). Compared with those in SCCS group, the number of cells that expressed TGF-β(1) in the other three groups was decreased in PTW 1, 2 but increased in PTW 3, 4 (with P values all below 0.05). (5) The number of cells that expressed TGF-β(3) in 4 groups increased gradually from PTW 1 to PTW 3, and decreased or increased continually in PTW 4. There were statistical differences among 4 groups from PTW 1 to PTW 4 (with F value respectively 140.612, 945.850, 714.037, 119.147, P values all below 0.01). The number of cells with positive expression of TGF-β(3) in SCCS group from PTW 1 to PTW 4 was more than that in the other three groups (with P values all below 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe collagen-sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan dermal scaffold can rapidly induce growth and maturation of blood vessels during wound healing after burn. It is beneficial for wound repair at early stage with inhibition of scar proliferation.

Acellular Dermis ; Animals ; Burns ; surgery ; Chitosan ; analogs & derivatives ; Cicatrix ; pathology ; Collagen ; Dermis ; transplantation ; Female ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin, Artificial ; Swine ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Wound Healing