OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors of anxiety and depression in patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) so as to achieve early intervention and better clinical prognosis. METHODS: Seventy-six patients with suspected COVID-19 in fever isolation wards of Second Hospital of Lanzhou University were enrolled From January 31, 2020 to February 22, 2020. Their clinical baseline data were collected. The anxiety of patients was assessed by Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the depression of patients was assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors of anxiety and depression in these patients. RESULTS: Female patients are more likely to have anxiety (=3.206, 95%: 1.073-9.583, <0.05) and depression (=9.111, 95%: 2.143-38.729, <0.01) than male patients; patients with known contact history of epidemic area and personnel in epidemic area are more likely to have depression (=3.267, 95%: 1.082-9.597, <0.05). CONCLUSIONS During the isolation treatment of suspected COVID-19 patients, early psychological intervention should be carried out for the female patients with known contact history of epidemic area and personnel in epidemic area, and drug treatment should be given in advance if necessary.
Anxiety ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Betacoronavirus ; isolation & purification ; Coronavirus Infections ; complications ; diagnosis ; psychology ; Depression ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; complications ; diagnosis ; psychology ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of norepinephrine metabolizing enzymes with postpartum depression and analyze the risk factors for postpartum depression in women following cesarean section. METHODS: A total of 591 Chinese woman of Han Nationality undergoing caesarean section were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of postpartum depression was established for an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥9. For all the women without antepartum depression, the genotypes of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; at 5 sites including rs2020917 and rs737865) and monoamine oxidase A (rs6323) were determined using Sequenom Mass Array single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. We analyzed the contribution of the genetic factors (SNPs, linkage disequilibrium and haplotype) to postpartum depression and performed logistic regression analysis to identify all the potential risk factors for postpartum depression and define the interactions between the genetic and environmental factors. RESULTS: The incidence of postpartum depression was 18.1% in this cohort. Univariate analysis suggested that COMT polymorphism at rs2020917 (TT genotype) and rs737865 (GG genotype) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of postpartum depression ( < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that COMT polymorphism at rs2020917 (TT genotype) and rs737865 (GG genotype), severe stress during pregnancy, and domestic violence were the risk factors for postpartum depression ( < 0.05); no obvious interaction was found between the genetic polymorphisms and the environmental factors in the occurrence of postpartum depression. CONCLUSIONS The rs2020917TT and rs737865GG genotypes of COMT, stress in pregnancy, and domestic violence are the risk factors for postpartum depression.
Catechol O-Methyltransferase ; genetics ; Cesarean Section ; adverse effects ; Depression, Postpartum ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; genetics ; Domestic Violence ; psychology ; Female ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Monoamine Oxidase ; genetics ; Norepinephrine ; metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Postoperative Complications ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; genetics ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; etiology ; psychology ; Risk Factors ; Stress, Psychological

BACKGROUNDPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its characteristic symptoms have been associated with physical and psychological issues in women of reproductive age. The current study was conducted in response to the dearth of systematic research related to psychological functioning and quality of life in patients with PCOS in Southwest China, and to determine whether patients with PCOS exhibit poorer mental health (MH) compared to healthy women of the same age and living in the same region, without a PCOS diagnosis.

METHODSWe enrolled 120 outpatients with PCOS and 100 healthy controls in this study. Standardized questionnaires were administered to assess general MH conditions (General Health Questionnaire-12-item version), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), as well as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured using the 36-item short-form health survey. The independent samples t-test was conducted for continuous study variables. For categorical variables, the Pearson Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression were performed.

RESULTSThe prevalence of anxiety (13.3% vs. 2.0%) and depression (27.5% vs. 3.0%) was higher in patients with PCOS compared to the controls (both P< 0.05). Patients with PCOS had decreased HRQoL. Patients with PCOS who had fertility requirements were more likely to be anxious and depressed than those without fertility requirements (anxiety: 22.6% [12/53] vs. 5.9% [4/67], χ2 = 7.117, P = 0.008; depression: 37.7% (20/53) vs.19.4% (13/67), χ2 = 4.988, P = 0.026).

CONCLUSIONSPCOS and related symptoms may be risk factors for depression and anxiety. Professionals should be concerned with the MH of women with PCOS, and psychological therapy should be considered.

Adult ; Anxiety ; diagnosis ; etiology ; China ; Depression ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; complications ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDMany studies have reported that depression and anxiety have bidirectional relationship with headache. However, few researches investigated the roles of depression or anxiety in patients with headache. We surveyed the prevalence of depression and anxiety as a complication or cause of headache among outpatients with a chief complaint of headache at neurology clinics in general hospitals. Additional risk factors for depression and anxiety were also analyzed.

METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted at 11 general neurological clinics. All consecutive patients with a chief complaint of headache were enrolled. Diagnoses of depression and anxiety were made using the Chinese version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and those for headache were made according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd Edition. The headache impact test and an 11-point verbal rating scale were applied to assess headache severity and intensity. Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors of patients with headache for depression or anxiety.

RESULTSA total of 749 outpatients with headache were included. Among them, 148 (19.7%) were diagnosed with depression and 103 (13.7%) with anxiety. Further analysis showed that 114 (15.2%) patients complaining headache due to somatic symptoms of psychiatric disorders and 82 (10.9%) had a depression or anxiety comorbidity with headache. Most patients with depression or anxiety manifested mild to moderate headaches. Poor sleep and severe headache-related disabilities were predictors for either depression or anxiety.

CONCLUSIONClinicians must identify the etiology of headache and recognize the effects of depression or anxiety on headache to develop specific treatments.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anxiety ; complications ; diagnosis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; complications ; diagnosis ; Female ; Headache ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

It is important to assess psychological distress after a diagnosis for cancer survivors, a population with a high risk for psychological distress. The aim of this study is to assess psychological distress among cancer survivors and to clarify the associated factors. In this cross-sectional analysis, data were obtained from standardized questionnaires administered to 1,163 cancer survivors and 49,243 non-cancer survivors who participated in the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2012). We identified the adjusted rates for psychological distress and assessed factors associated with this kind of distress using multivariate logistic regression. Cancer survivors tended to have a higher adjusted rate of psychological distress than the general population. The current depressive symptom rate for cancer survivors was 16.69%, and the adjusted rate for history of depression in cancer survivors was 15.61%. The adjusted rate for higher level of stress was 25.51% in cancer survivors. Among the cancer survivors, younger subjects, female subjects, and those with limited social support were more prone to psychological distress. In addition, current smokers or risky drinkers, those with chronic diseases, and those with a poor self-perception of their health status were also identified as a high-risk group for psychological distress. As the number of cancer survivors has increased, the importance of assessing psychological distress after a cancer diagnosis should be emphasized among all cancer survivors. Further, psychological supportive care interventions for cancer survivors are needed to improve the survival rate and improve their quality of life.
Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/etiology ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasms/*diagnosis/mortality ; Nutrition Surveys ; Quality of Life ; Social Support ; Socioeconomic Factors ; *Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Survivors/*psychology

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in adults in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and explore the sleep quality,fatigue degree,daytime sleepiness,disease severity,depression and anxiety of RLS patients.Methods Totally 4739 consecutive patients who visited the outpatient departments with any sleep complaint or leg discomforts were recruited in the study. Patients under 18 years were excluded. All participants answered RLS questionnaire. The subjects fulfilled all four criteria would be followed up and given advanced examinations to rule out secondary RLS and RLS mimics. Primary RLS patients were evaluated with International Restless Legs Scale (IRLS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI),Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS),Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS),and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for depression and anxiety (HADD and HADA). Another two groups of age-and gender-matched healthy subjects and non-RLS insomnia patients were served as normal and non-RLS insomnia controls.Results There were 162 (3.42%,162/4739) subjects fulfilling all four criteria for RLS; 42 (0.89%,42/4739) subjects were diagnosed as primary RLS and 33 (0.70%,33/4739) as RLS mimics. In primary RLS patients,41(97.6%) were found to be with poor sleep,13 (31.0%) with anxiety,and 4(9.5%) with depression. The scores of PSQI(q=11.69,P=0.000),HADA(q=8.02,P=0.000),and HADD(q=6.60,P=0.000)in primary RLS patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls. The scores of FSS(q=3.74,P=0.001),ESS(q=2.97,P=0.012),and HADD(q=4.15,P=0.000) in primary RLS patients were significantly lower than those in non-RLS insomnia controls. The scores of HADA and HADD were significantly correlated with those of PSQI(r=0.340,P=0.028;r=0.383,P=0.012),FSS(r=0.445,P=0.003;r=0.511,P=0.001),and IRLS(r=0.477,P=0.001;r=0.578,P=0.000). Conclusions RLS should be considered in the patients with any sleep-related complaint or leg discomforts. Primary RLS patients suffer from bad sleep and are more susceptible to anxiety and depression. Secondary RLS and RLS mimics should be excluded before the diagnosis of primary RLS.
Anxiety ; etiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Depression ; etiology ; Fatigue ; etiology ; Humans ; Restless Legs Syndrome ; complications ; diagnosis ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sleep ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Wilson's disease typically presents symptoms associated with liver damage or neuropsychiatric disturbances, while endocrinologic abnormalities are rare. We report an unprecedented case of hypopituitarism in a patient with Wilson's disease. A 40-year-old woman presented with depression, general weakness and anorexia. Laboratory tests and imaging studies were compatible with liver cirrhosis due to Wilson's disease. Basal hormone levels and pituitary function tests indicated secondary hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency due to hypopituitarism. Brain MRI showed T2 hyperintense signals in both basal ganglia and midbrain but the pituitary imaging was normal. She is currently receiving chelation therapy along with thyroid hormone and steroid replacement. There may be a relationship between Wilson's disease and hypopituitarism. Copper deposition or secondary neuronal damage in the pituitary may be a possible explanation for this theory.
Adrenal Insufficiency/diagnosis/etiology ; Adult ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Depression/etiology ; Female ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration/*complications ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Hypothyroidism/diagnosis/etiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Steroids/therapeutic use ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/therapeutic use

Wilson's disease typically presents symptoms associated with liver damage or neuropsychiatric disturbances, while endocrinologic abnormalities are rare. We report an unprecedented case of hypopituitarism in a patient with Wilson's disease. A 40-year-old woman presented with depression, general weakness and anorexia. Laboratory tests and imaging studies were compatible with liver cirrhosis due to Wilson's disease. Basal hormone levels and pituitary function tests indicated secondary hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency due to hypopituitarism. Brain MRI showed T2 hyperintense signals in both basal ganglia and midbrain but the pituitary imaging was normal. She is currently receiving chelation therapy along with thyroid hormone and steroid replacement. There may be a relationship between Wilson's disease and hypopituitarism. Copper deposition or secondary neuronal damage in the pituitary may be a possible explanation for this theory.
Adrenal Insufficiency/diagnosis/etiology ; Adult ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Depression/etiology ; Female ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration/*complications ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Hypothyroidism/diagnosis/etiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Steroids/therapeutic use ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effect of Shugan Jieyu Capsules (SJC) on type III B prostatitis complicated by sexual dysfunction.

METHODSA total of 98 patients with type III B prostatitis complicated by sexual dysfunction were equally randomized to a control and a trial group, the former treated with the combination of biofeedback/electrical stimulation and the α-blocker Tamsulosin Hydrochloride, and the latter with oral SJC in addition, both for 8 weeks. Before and after treatment, the severity of the symptoms was determined with NIH-CPSI, the patients'sexual function evaluated with CIPE-5 and IIEF-5, and their anxiety, depression and other psychological problems assessed with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( HAMD). The results were subjected to statistical analysis and compared between the two groups.

RESULTSStatistically significant differences were found between the control and trial groups in the NIH-CPSI score (26.31 ± 7.91 vs 18.84 ± 6.63, P < 0.01), CIPE-5 premature ejaculation score (10. 41 ± 3.03 vs 14.37 ± 2.35, P < 0.05), IIEF-5 score (10.29 ± 3.97 vs 14.69 ± 4.19, P < 0.05), HAMA score (24.31 ± 1.78 vs 13.41 ± 4.21, P < 0.01), and HAMD score (25.24 ± 2.83 vs 14.49 ± 4.44, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSJC can effectively relieve anxiety, depression and other psychological problems in type III B prostatitis patients with sexual dysfunction and improve their clinical symptoms as well.

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists ; Anxiety ; drug therapy ; Biofeedback, Psychology ; Capsules ; Depression ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Premature Ejaculation ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Prostatitis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Sulfonamides ; therapeutic use

We investigated the association of depressive symptoms with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques in the general Korean population. A total of 7,554 Korean males and females aged 45-74 yr who were free from cardiovascular diseases were included in the analyses. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Subjects with a score of > or =16 were classified as having clinically significant depressive symptoms. Carotid ultrasonography was used to measure mean carotid IMT (C-IMT) and to determine the presence of plaques. A significant association between depressive symptoms and C-IMT was observed only in females. After adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors, females with depressive symptoms had significantly greater C-IMT than females without depressive symptoms (mean difference 0.011+/-0.004 mm; 95% confidence interval, 0.003-0.019 mm). Compared with controls, the fully adjusted risk of females with depressive symptoms for abnormal C-IMT (> or =1.0 mm) was significant (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.30). No significant association between depressive symptoms and carotid plaques was observed in either gender. This study shows a significant association between depressive symptoms and C-IMT in middle-aged and older females.
Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Carotid Artery Diseases/complications/*diagnosis/ultrasonography ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/*diagnosis/etiology/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Smoking