Objective: To study the quantity, structure and allocation equity of stomatologists, in order to provide bases and advices for improving the allocation of stomatologists in China. Methods: On the basis of data from China Health Statistics Yearbooks and Brief Book of Administrative Divisions of the People's Republic of China, the general situation of stomatologists was analyzed by descriptive analysis. Gini coefficient was used to evaluate the allocation equity in 2010 and 2020. Results: The total number of stomatologists reached 2 780 hundred in 2020, which increased by 150.5% compared with that in 2010. The overall quality structure of stomatologists had improved. The gender proportion was balanced and the age distribution was reasonable. The team was mainly composed by the young people, in which the numbers under 44 years old accounted for 71.6% (1 991 hundred/2 780 hundred). The proportion of personnel with senior professional titles decreased to 7.9% (220 hundred/2 780 hundred) while the total number increased to 220 thousand. The distribution of stomatologists by population was fair. Gini coefficients of the whole country as well as the eastern, central and western regions were less than 0.3. Conclusions: The quantity, quality and allocation equity of stomatologists were still insufficient in China. It is necessary to optimize the human resources allocation for stomatologists. It is suggested to increase the talents supply through supply-side reform, medicine-education collaboration and multi-agent participation. And it is suggested to optimize criterions to improve the quality of stomatologists.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; China ; Resource Allocation ; Oral Medicine ; Dentists/supply & distribution*

AIMThe objective of this discussion paper is to investigate whether the experience gained through the German paradigm shift in dental care can be of benefit in China's deliberations on the introduction of universal dental care for its people. METHODOLOGY A comparison of representative oral health outcome data from China and Germany, two countries at different stages in their development, is presented here in order to analyse whether the findings meet expected outcome and confirm the presumption that more developed countries perform better.

RESULTSThe epidemiological comparison reveals surprising findings concerning the severity of dental diseases and, in particular, missing teeth per person in adults and rates of total edentulousness in seniors. In all of these areas German adults and seniors show significantly inferior outcomes compared with the Chinese population. The main reason for these striking discrepancies, as it turned out, is the decisive role played by the treatment philosophies and strategies of German dentists.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSIf dentists take a less interventionist approach, checking as well as treating dental diseases with preventive and strictly tooth-preserving methods, dental treatment results in oral health. Under these conditions it can be assumed that modern dentistry is generally good for the teeth. These findings are important for developing countries that are seeking to integrate dental care into their health care system. On the basis of long-term experience from highly industrialized Western countries and especially from Germany we will attempt to put forward proposals for creating an effective and efficient dental care system in China.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Community Dentistry ; Delivery of Health Care ; organization & administration ; Dental Caries ; epidemiology ; Dental Health Services ; organization & administration ; Dentists ; supply & distribution ; Germany ; epidemiology ; Health Care Reform ; Health Policy ; Health Priorities ; Health Transition ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Middle Aged ; Mouth, Edentulous ; epidemiology ; Oral Health ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Periodontal Diseases ; epidemiology ; Philosophy, Dental ; Preventive Dentistry ; Reimbursement Mechanisms ; Tooth Loss ; epidemiology ; Universal Coverage ; organization & administration ; Young Adult

The risk of cross-contamination in dental clinic is very high, Those who are engaged in dental clinic are exposed to various microorganisms in saliva and blood of patient. Potential possibility of cross-contamination of patient to patient, patient to dentist, dentist to laboratory technician always exist, which is important in the view of public health, It is well known that microorganisms may cause cross-contamination by suck-back of microorganisms into the water supply line or air supply line of dental unit and sprayed back into the next patient's oral cavity. The majority of microorganisms coming from dental unit are water microorganisms from the main water supply which have colonized the tube within the units and multiplied in the relatively warm and stagnant conditions. The purpose of this study is measure the extent of microbial contamination of dental unit and ultrasonic scaler, to evaluate that dental unit water supply is suitable for drinking water, and to assess the effect of flushing on reduction of microbial contamination of dental unit and ultrasonic scaler. In the first experiment, water samples(50ml) from 20 dental units and 10 ultrasonic scalers in Seoul National Univ. Hosp. were tested for the presence of coliform, The samples were filtered by membrane filtration technique.(Microfil system, Millipore Co. U. S. A.) The filter was then placed onto MacConkey agar plate and the plates with filter on it were incubated aerobically at 37degrees C for 5 days. The colors and shapes of colonies were examined if those were coliform, To verify the presence of coliform, the colonies were inoculated into phenol red lactose broth and incubated aerobically at 37degrees C for 2 days. The fomation of gas was observed. In the second experiment, water samples from 20 handpieces, 10 ultrasonic scalers and 30 A/W syringes after 0, 2, 4, 6 min. flushing respectively were taken. 200micrometer water samples were spreaded on Brain Heart Infusion agar plate and the plates were incubated aerobically at 37degrees C for 5 days. The number of colony was counted. The results obtained were summarized as follows 1. The water from dental unit and ultrasonic scaler was not suitable for drinking water. 2. No coliform was founded in dental unit and ultrasonic scaler water supply. 3. The number of colony of dental unit and ultrasonic scaler was highest in the group of o min. Flushing(p<0.05). 4. There was no statistically significant difference in the extent of microbial contamination among handpiece, ultrasonic scaler and A/W syringe(p>0.05). 5. The number of colony was lowest in the group of 4 min. flushing, but there was no statistically significant difference among 2, 4, 6 min. flushing groups.(p>0.05). 6. It is recommended to flush dental unit water line for 4 min. after use on each patient.
Agar ; Brain ; Colon ; Dental Clinics ; Dentists ; Drinking Water ; Filtration ; Flushing ; Heart ; Humans ; Laboratory Personnel ; Lactose ; Membranes ; Mouth ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; Public Health ; Saliva ; Seoul ; Syringes ; Ultrasonics* ; Water ; Water Supply