This study was designed to investigate the effect of Sijunzi decoction(SJZD)on the expression of inflammatory factors and autophagic proteins in the hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8(SAMP8)mice and its mechanism.SAMR1 mice were used as control group,and 32 SAMP8 mice were divided into model group,donepezil group,SJZD low and SJZD high dose treatment groups.Y-maze experiment was performed to detect changes in mouse memory function;the expression of NF-κB was detected by immunohistochemistry;the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 were detected by ELISA;the expression of A[3,caspse-1,beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱproteins in hippocampal tissue were detected by Western blotting.Compared with the control group,the model group mice showed a decrease in total number of entries and alternations,an elevation in the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,Aβ protein and caspse-1 protein,and downregulation in the expression of beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ proteins.Both donepezil and SJZD(low-dose group and high-dose group)can reverse these changes in model mice.In conclusion,the mechanism of SJZD in treating Alzheimer's disease may relate to the correction of central hippocampal inflammatory factors and autophagy dysfunction.

ObjectiveTo study the expression changes of Lon protein and mitochondrial dynamics-related protein in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by invigorating the spleen and supplementing Qi. MethodEight 3-month-old SAMR1 mice were used as the normal group， and 32 3-month-old SAPM8 mice were divided into model group， western medicine group （0.013 g·kg^-1）， low-dose Si Junziwan group （3.24 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose Si Junziwan group （12.56 g·kg^-1）， with 8 mice in each group. The western medicine group was gavaged with donepezil， and the Si Junziwan low- and high-dose groups were gavaged with Si Junziwan for 30 days. The positioning navigation experiment of the water maze was started on the 25^th day， and the space exploration experiment of the water maze was started on the 30^th day. On the 30^th day， the protein expression of mitofusin 2 （MFN2） was detected by immunohistochemistry， the expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK） was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， the content of ATP was detected by colorimetry， the microstructure of neuron mitochondria was detected by electron microscope， and the expressions of Aβ protein， Lon protein， dynamin-related protein 1 （DRP1） protein， and MFN1 protein were detected by Western blot. ResultAs compared with the normal group， the latency escape period increased， the number of crossings decreased， the expression of AMPK increased， and the content of ATP decreased in the model group. The expressions of Aβ protein and DRP1 protein increased （P<0.01）， whereas the expressions of Lon protein， MFN1 protein decreased in the model group （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and MFN2 protein decreased. The vacuolation of mitochondria increased and the cristae broke in the model group. As compared with model group， the time of the latent escape period decreased （P<0.01）， and the number of crossings increased in the low-dose and high-dose Si Junziwan groups （P<0.05）. The expression of AMPK （P<0.01） decreased， the content of ATP increased （P<0.01）， the expression of Aβ and DRP1 protein decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the expression of MFN1 protein was up-regulated （P<0.05） in high-dose Si Junziwan groups. The vacuolation was more obvious in the low-dose Si Junziwan group， whereas the vacuolation was restored and the ridge was clear in the high-dose Si Junziwan group. ConclusionSi Junziwan treats Alzheimer's disease by up-regulating the protein expression of Lon， correcting the disorder of mitochondrial division and fusion protein， and changing the memory function of SAMP8 mice.

ObjectiveTo understand the infection of AIDS， syphilis， and gonorrhea in men who have sex with men （MSM）， and the factors influencing the acceptance of gonorrhea testing in Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture （Dehong Prefecture）， Yunnan Province. MethodsAcross-sectional survey was conducted to describe and analyze the acceptance of AIDS， syphilis， and gonorrhea testing among MSM tracked in Dehong Prefecture in 2018. ResultsA total of 385 MSM were included in the analysis， with a 100.0% HIV and syphilis testing rate. The HIV antibody positivity rate was 10.6% （41/385） and the positivity rate of syphilis antibody was 14.8%（57/385）. Only 30.4% of the subjects were willing to test for gonorrhea， and 13.7%（16/117）of them were test positive. Further multifactorial analysis revealed that local MSM and syphilis co-infected individuals were more likely to be tested for gonorrhea （aOR=2.48， 95%CI=1.33-4.65， P=0.004； aOR=2.59， 95%CI=1.43-4.71， P=0.002）. ConclusionThe positive rates of AIDS， syphilis and gonorrhea in MSM population in Dehong Prefecture are relatively high. Integrated interventions of STD/AIDS and gonorrhoea detection should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the clinical pathologic features of a distinct variant of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) characterized by neuronal loss of layer four.Methods Between 2005 and 2017,approximately 3 000 surgeries were performed for the treatment of intractable epilepsy at Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University and Yuquan Hospital,Tsinghua University.Retrospective analysis of clinic-pathological data of patients with epilepsy surgery was made and histological manifestations of neuronal loss of cortical layer four were included in this study.Results In this cohort,25 patients (22 males and three females) were identified with early onset pharmaco-resistant epilepsy and regionally circumscribed neuronal loss of cortical layer four in surgical specimens from the occipital lobe.Histologically,except for neuronal loss in cortical layer four in all cases,glial scar lesions were found in some patients.Thus the histology of those cases can be subdivided into two groups:group A (13 cases):neuronal loss of cortical layer four without glial scar lesions;and group B (12 cases):neuronal loss of cortical layer four with glial scar lesions.Due to the prominent horizontal disorganization of cortical layering and lack of any other microscopically visible principle lesion,group A should be classified hitherto as FCD International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) type Ⅰ b,however,group B with scar lesions and cortical dysplasia around the main leision,should be classified as FCD ILAE type Ⅲd.This retrospective analysis of clinical histories revealed a perinatal distress in 20 patients (80％),suggesting an acquired pathomechanism.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed abnormal signals in the occipital lobe in all patients,and signal changes suggestive of encephalomalacia were found in 18 patients.Surgical treatment achieved favorable seizure control (Engel class Ⅰ and Ⅱ) in 18 patients (75％ among 24 available follow up).Comparion of the two groups with age at epilepsy onset (group A:5.00±2.76,group B:5.01±3.78),the proportion of perinatal distress (group A:11/13,group B:9/12) and the follow-up results (favorable seizure control of the two groups was 9/13,9/11 respectively) showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.Conculsion Neuronal loss of cortical layer four in the occipital lobe should be classified as a distinct variant of FCD ILAE type Ⅲd.

Objective To understand the prevalence of HIV infection and its influencing factors in the premarital physical examination population in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, 2017. Methods The data of people receiving premarital medical examination was collected, the demographic characteristics was described and the related factors was analyzed by Logistic regression. Results There were 21 875 participants receiving premarital medical examination in Dehong. 98(0.45%) participants were confirmed positive for HIV and male infection rate was 0.47% (52/10 955) and female was 0.42% (46/10 920). Among the 98 patients, 20 patients were infected in the first time, and main route was sexual transmission accounting for 81.63% (80/98). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that age, ethnicity and drug use were the influencing factors for premarital couples infecting HIV. The risk of HIV infection in 31-40 and 41-50 years old group was higher than the people under 25 years old group(OR=3.78, 95% CI：1.81-7.89, P<0.001；OR=3.95, 95% CI：1.72-9.08, P=0.001). The infection risk of Dai and Jingpo ethnic group was higher than that of the Han ethnic(OR=1.86, 95% CI：1.06-3.29, P=0.031；OR=3.25, 95% CI：1.81-5.84, P<0.001). The risk of infection among drug users was much higher than non-drug users (OR=926.76, 95% CI：271.65-3 161.71, P<0.001). Conclusion Age, ethnicity, and drug use are influencing factors of HIV infection among premarital couples. Targeted measures need to be taken against risk factors. HIV infection is mainly transmitted by sexual transmission. It can be effectively detected and controlled through premarital medical examination.

Objective To establish rabbit model of scoliosis induced with stable asymmetric lumbar loads. Methods Scoliosis was induced in 10 two-month-old New Zealand rabbits using 316L stainless steel springs placed between the unilateral transverse processes of L2 and L5. Serial radiographs were documented before and at 1, 4, 8, 9 and 12 weeks after the operation. At weeks, the rabbits were randomly divided into SR group (n=5) with the spring removed and SK group (n=5) without spring removal. Results All the rabbits survived the experiment with Cobb angle all greater than 10°at the end of the experiment. Significant changes were found in the Cobb angles and kyphotic angles at 1, 4 and 8 weeks after the operation (P<0.05). At 8 weeks, the Cobb angle, the kyphotic angle and the length of the spring were similar between SR and SK groups (P>0.05), and in the 4 weeks following spring removal in SR group, the Cobb angle and the kyphosis decreased significantly compared with those in SK group (P<0.05). Micro-CT showed that the BV/TV of the concave side was greater than that of the convex side. The length of the spring did not show obvious changes during the experiment (P>0.05). Conclusion Asymmetric lumbar loading is a convenient, time-saving, and highly reproducible approach for establishing rabbit models of scoliosis.

Objective To establish rabbit model of scoliosis induced with stable asymmetric lumbar loads. Methods Scoliosis was induced in 10 two-month-old New Zealand rabbits using 316L stainless steel springs placed between the unilateral transverse processes of L2 and L5. Serial radiographs were documented before and at 1, 4, 8, 9 and 12 weeks after the operation. At weeks, the rabbits were randomly divided into SR group (n=5) with the spring removed and SK group (n=5) without spring removal. Results All the rabbits survived the experiment with Cobb angle all greater than 10°at the end of the experiment. Significant changes were found in the Cobb angles and kyphotic angles at 1, 4 and 8 weeks after the operation (P<0.05). At 8 weeks, the Cobb angle, the kyphotic angle and the length of the spring were similar between SR and SK groups (P>0.05), and in the 4 weeks following spring removal in SR group, the Cobb angle and the kyphosis decreased significantly compared with those in SK group (P<0.05). Micro-CT showed that the BV/TV of the concave side was greater than that of the convex side. The length of the spring did not show obvious changes during the experiment (P>0.05). Conclusion Asymmetric lumbar loading is a convenient, time-saving, and highly reproducible approach for establishing rabbit models of scoliosis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided focused ultrasound ablation (US-FUA) in the treatment of intramural, submucosal and subserosal uterine fibroids.

METHODSWe prospectively assessed the efficacy of US-FUA for treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids by determining the volume ablation ratio immediately after the treatment and evaluating the volume changes of the uterine fibroids on contrast-enhanced MRI at 6 and 12 months after the treatment. The symptom severity score (SSS) was examined before and at 6 and 12 months after the treatment.

RESULTSA total of 110 women with 145 symptomatic fibroids undergoing US-FUA between August 2011 and December 2012 were enrolled. The fibroids were located intramurally in 72 (49.7%), submucosally in 49 (33.8%) and subserosally in 24 (16.6%) patients, who had comparable mean volume ablation ratios [(93.± 13.1)% vs (94.9 ± 9.3)% vs (89.6 ± 19.3)%, P>0.05]. The volume of the treated fibroids was reduced by (47.3 ± 20.8)%, (70.3 ± 22.2)% and (47.8 ± 13.6)% at 6 months after US-FUA and by (58.9 ± 19.9)%, (82.0 ± 21.2)%, and (50.5 ± 17.8)% at 12 months, respectively, demonstrating a more obvious volume reduction for submucosal fibroids (P<0.05). The SSS scores of the 3 groups before treatment were 29.1 ± 15.2, 34.8 ± 14.5 and 26.6 ± 23.4, respectively, which decreased significantly to 18.4 ± 15.8, 15.5 ± 10.7, and 11.6 ± 11.7 at 6 months (P<0.05) and to 18.9 ± 13.2, 16.8 ± 14.0, 11.5 ± 9.1 at 12 months (P<0.05). No major complications occurred in these patients during the 12-month follow-up.

CONCLUSIONUS-FUA can yield high ablation ratios for intramural, submucosal and subserosal fibroids and result in significant volume reduction and symptomatic improvement at 6 and 12 months after the treatment, suggesting its value as a new noninvasive option for fibroid treatment in patients who wish to preserve the uterus.

Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterine Neoplasms ; therapy

Objective To evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided focused ultrasound ablation (US-FUA) in the treatment of intramural, submucosal and subserosal uterine fibroids. Methods We prospectively assessed the efficacy of US-FUA for treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids by determining the volume ablation ratio immediately after the treatment and evaluating the volume changes of the uterine fibroids on contrast-enhanced MRI at 6 and 12 months after the treatment. The symptom severity score (SSS) was examined before and at 6 and 12 months after the treatment. Results A total of 110 women with 145 symptomatic fibroids undergoing US-FUA between August 2011 and December 2012 were enrolled. The fibroids were located intramurally in 72 (49.7%), submucosally in 49 (33.8%) and subserosally in 24 (16.6%) patients, who had comparable mean volume ablation ratios [(93.2 ± 13.1)% vs (94.9 ± 9.3)% vs (89.6 ± 19.3)%, P>0.05]. The volume of the treated fibroids was reduced by (47.3 ± 20.8)%, (70.3 ± 22.2)%and (47.8 ± 13.6)%at 6 months after US-FUA and by (58.9 ± 19.9)%, (82.0 ± 21.2)%, and (50.5±17.8)%at 12 months, respectively, demonstrating a more obvious volume reduction for submucosal fibroids (P<0.05). The SSS scores of the 3 groups before treatment were 29.1±15.2, 34.8±14.5 and 26.6±23.4, respectively, which decreased significantly to 18.4 ± 15.8, 15.5 ± 10.7, and 11.6 ± 11.7 at 6 months (P<0.05) and to 18.9 ± 13.2, 16.8 ± 14.0, 11.5 ± 9.1 at 12 months (P<0.05). No major complications occurred in these patients during the 12-month follow-up. Conclusions US-FUA can yield high ablation ratios for intramural, submucosal and subserosal fibroids and result in significant volume reduction and symptomatic improvement at 6 and 12 months after the treatment, suggesting its value as a new noninvasive option for fibroid treatment in patients who wish to preserve the uterus.

Objective To evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided focused ultrasound ablation (US-FUA) in the treatment of intramural, submucosal and subserosal uterine fibroids. Methods We prospectively assessed the efficacy of US-FUA for treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids by determining the volume ablation ratio immediately after the treatment and evaluating the volume changes of the uterine fibroids on contrast-enhanced MRI at 6 and 12 months after the treatment. The symptom severity score (SSS) was examined before and at 6 and 12 months after the treatment. Results A total of 110 women with 145 symptomatic fibroids undergoing US-FUA between August 2011 and December 2012 were enrolled. The fibroids were located intramurally in 72 (49.7%), submucosally in 49 (33.8%) and subserosally in 24 (16.6%) patients, who had comparable mean volume ablation ratios [(93.2 ± 13.1)% vs (94.9 ± 9.3)% vs (89.6 ± 19.3)%, P>0.05]. The volume of the treated fibroids was reduced by (47.3 ± 20.8)%, (70.3 ± 22.2)%and (47.8 ± 13.6)%at 6 months after US-FUA and by (58.9 ± 19.9)%, (82.0 ± 21.2)%, and (50.5±17.8)%at 12 months, respectively, demonstrating a more obvious volume reduction for submucosal fibroids (P<0.05). The SSS scores of the 3 groups before treatment were 29.1±15.2, 34.8±14.5 and 26.6±23.4, respectively, which decreased significantly to 18.4 ± 15.8, 15.5 ± 10.7, and 11.6 ± 11.7 at 6 months (P<0.05) and to 18.9 ± 13.2, 16.8 ± 14.0, 11.5 ± 9.1 at 12 months (P<0.05). No major complications occurred in these patients during the 12-month follow-up. Conclusions US-FUA can yield high ablation ratios for intramural, submucosal and subserosal fibroids and result in significant volume reduction and symptomatic improvement at 6 and 12 months after the treatment, suggesting its value as a new noninvasive option for fibroid treatment in patients who wish to preserve the uterus.