Objective: To explore the changes in bacterial community structure, antibiotic resistance genome, and pathogen virulence genome in river water before and after the river flowing through Haikou City and their transmission and dispersal patterns and to reveal anthropogenic disturbance's effects on microorganisms and resistance genes in the aquatic environment. Methods: The Nandu River was divided into three study areas: the front, middle and rear sections from the upstream before it flowed through Haikou City to the estuary. Three sampling sites were selected in each area, and six copies of the sample were collected in parallel at each site and mixed for 3 L per sample. Microbial community structure, antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, and mobile genetic elements were analyzed through bioinformatic data obtained by metagenomic sequencing and full-length sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Variations in the distribution of bacterial communities between samples and correlation of transmission patterns were analyzed by principal co-ordinates analysis, procrustes analysis, and Mantel test. Results: As the river flowed through Haikou City, microbes' alpha diversity gradually decreased. Among them, Proteobacteria dominates in the bacterial community in the front, middle, and rear sections, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the middle and rear sections was higher than that in the front segment. The diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, and mobile genetic elements were all at low levels in the front section and all increased significantly after flow through Haikou City. At the same time, horizontal transmission mediated by mobile genetic elements played a more significant role in the spread of antibiotic-resistance genes and virulence factors. Conclusions: Urbanization significantly impacts river bacteria and the resistance genes, virulence factors, and mobile genetic elements they carry. The Nandu River in Haikou flows through the city, receiving antibiotic-resistant and pathogen-associated bacteria excreted by the population. In contrast, antibiotic-resistant genes and virulence factors are enriched in bacteria, which indicates a threat to environmental health and public health. Comparison of river microbiomes and antibiotic resistance genomes before and after flow through cities is a valuable early warning indicator for monitoring the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Humans ; Rivers ; Virulence Factors/genetics* ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Microbiota/genetics* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at investigating the carrier rate of, and molecular variation in, α- and β-globin gene mutations in Hunan Province. METHODS: We recruited 25,946 individuals attending premarital screening from 42 districts and counties in all 14 cities of Hunan Province. Hematological screening was performed, and molecular parameters were assessed. RESULTS: The overall carrier rate of thalassemia was 7.1%, including 4.83% for α-thalassemia, 2.15% for β-thalassemia, and 0.12% for both α- and β-thalassemia. The highest carrier rate of thalassemia was in Yongzhou (14.57%). The most abundant genotype of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia was -α ^3.7/αα (50.23%) and β ^IVS-II-654/β ^N (28.23%), respectively. Four α-globin mutations [CD108 (ACC>AAC), CAP +29 (G>C), Hb Agrinio and Hb Cervantes] and six β-globin mutations [CAP +8 (C>T), IVS-II-848 (C>T), -56 (G>C), beta nt-77 (G>C), codon 20/21 (-TGGA) and Hb Knossos] had not previously been identified in China. Furthermore, this study provides the first report of the carrier rates of abnormal hemoglobin variants and α-globin triplication in Hunan Province, which were 0.49% and 1.99%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the high complexity and diversity of thalassemia gene mutations in the Hunan population. The results should facilitate genetic counselling and the prevention of severe thalassemia in this region.
Humans ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics* ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; Hemoglobinopathies/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

The limited treatment options for advanced prostate cancer (PCa) lead to the urgent need to discover new anticancer drugs. Mannose, an isomer of glucose, has been reported to have an anticancer effect on various tumors. However, the anticancer effect of mannose in PCa remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that mannose inhibits the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of PCa cells in vitro, and mannose was observed to have an anticancer effect in mice without harming their health. Accumulation of intracellular mannose simultaneously decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in PCa cells. Mannose treatment of PCa cells induced changes in mitochondrial morphology, caused dysregulated expression of the fission protein, such as fission, mitochondrial 1 (FIS1), and enhanced the expression of proapoptotic factors, such as BCL2-associated X (Bax) and BCL2-antagonist/killer 1 (Bak). Furthermore, lower expression of mannose phosphate isomerase (MPI), the key enzyme in mannose metabolism, indicated poorer prognosis in PCa patients, and downregulation of MPI expression in PCa cells enhanced the anticancer effect of mannose. This study reveals the anticancer effect of mannose in PCa and its clinical significance in PCa patients.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Male ; Mannose ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mice ; Mitochondria ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Reactive Oxygen Species

Objective To explore the transmission chain of COVID-19 by serum antibody detection, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of the epidemic. Methods Field epidemiological investigation was used to determine the COVID-19 cases and their close contacts. The 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in throat swabs and anal swabs were examined by RT-PCR. Serum specimens were collected for anti-2019-nCoV IgM antibody detection and combined IgM/IgG detection. Results Case A had no confirmed exposure to COVID-19. However, case C and D had dinner and lived together with case A; they reported contact history and dinner history with other confirmed COVID-19 cases(H, L). Case A tested positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid, whereas case C and D were negative. Moreover, case A and C were IgM antibody positive, while case D was negative. Case A, C and D were all positive for combined IgM/IgG. In addition, case D had clinical symptom, while case C did not. Conclusion Serum antibody detection can be used as an effective supplement to the inference of transmission chain of COVID-19, which may facilitate determining the source of infection and improving the evidence.

Objective To investigate epidemic characteristics of a family aggregation COVID-19, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of family aggregation epidemic. Methods] Field epidemiological methods were used to investigate the cases and close contacts of a family aggregation COVID-19 in Y County, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province. Descriptive statistical analysis was used on epidemiological data . The 2019-nCoV nucleic acid was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Results It was found that Ms. Deng was infected with COVID-19 and became the infectious source of the family aggregation epidemic , who had lived in Wuhan Hubei Province. Her boyfriend Mr. Cao became a second-generation case of COVID-19..Another two asymptomatic but infected persons were family members living with Ms.Deng . Conclusion COVID-19 easily spreads within families. The awareness of family members' protection, the education of new coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control in key groups should be strengthened to avoid the occurrence and spread of family aggregation epidemic.

Objective · To explore the association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein level and peripheral nerve demyelination in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Methods · Clinical and biochemical data of 86 patients with GBS were retrospectively analyzed. According to electromyograms examination of peripheral nerve, GBS patients were divided into group with demyelination and group with axonal degeneration, and their clinical and biochemical characteristics were compared between the two groups. The correlation between CSF protein level and peripheral nerve demyelination was assessed by Spearman's correlation analysis. Results · Between the group with demyelination and group with axonal degeneration,there was no significant difference in gender, age, Hughes score, respiratory infection, gastrointestinal infection, erythra, ganglioside sodium injection and immunoglobulin G (IgG) index (P>0.05). Significant higher level of CSF protein, CSF albumin/serum albumin, IgG, and 24 h IgG intrathecal synthesis rate were detected in group with demyelination than that of in group with axonal degeneration (P<0.01). CSF protein level was positively correlated with peripheral nerve demyelination (r=0.345, P=0.001). Conclusion · The incidence of peripheral nerve demyelination increased accompanied with CSF protein level, and analysis of CSF protein level may be helpful in investigating the immunologic mechanism of peripheral nerve demyelination in GBS patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effects of Stoppa approach and posterior percutaneous plate in treating type C pelvic fracture.

METHODSFrom June 2009 to July 2011,16 patients with type C pelvic fracture were treated with reconstruction plate fixation in Stoppa approach for anterior lesions combined with posterior percutaneous plate fixation for posterior lesions.There were 11 males and 5 females,with an average age of 38.8 years (ranged, 22 to 59 years). According to the Tile classification,10 cases belonged to C1,4 belonged to C2,2 belonged to C3. Tometta and Majeed score standards were used to evaluate clinical results.

RESULTSSixteen patients were followed up from 4 to 13 months with an average of 7.3 months. Operative time was from 80 to 140 min with an average of 100 min;blood loss volume was from 200 to 500 ml with an average of 280 ml; and the healing time of fracture was from 12 to 16 months with an average of 14 months. According to the Tometta score classification, 9 cases got excellent results, 6 good, 1 fair. According to the Majeed score classification, 9 cases obtained excellent results, 5 good, 2 fair.

CONCLUSIONReconstruction plate fixation in Stoppa approach for anterior lesions combined with posterior percutaneous plate fixation for posterior lesions is an ideal minimally invasive operation in treaing type C pelvic fracture. It can early exercise and has the advandages of small trauma, safe operaton,less complication, stable fixation.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; injuries ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate safe range of acetabular prosthesis angle and the optimum combination of cup and neck in the range of activities of daily living (ADL).

METHODSA three-dimensional generic parametric and kinematic simulation module of THA was developed. Range of motion (ROM) of flexion > or = 110 degrees, internal-rotation > or = 30 degrees at 90 degrees flexion, extension > or = 30 degrees and external rotation > or = 40 degrees were defined as the normal criteria for desired ROM for activities of daily living (ADL), and ROM of flexion > or = 120 degrees, internal-rotation > or = 45 degrees at 90 degrees flexion, extension > or = 30 degrees and external rotation > or = 40 degrees as the severe criteria. The range of the changes in the general head-neck ratios (GR), the femoral neck anteversion (FA), the operative anteversion (OA) and operative inclination (OI) of the cup component were 2-2.92, 0 degrees-30 degrees, 0 degrees-70 degrees, 10 degrees-60 degrees respectively. For the collodiaphyseal angle (CCD) of 135 degrees, the corresponding OA related to the OI which every 5 degrees was calculated, and described using dots and lines in a coordinate system in which OI of acetabular cup was the horizontal ordinate and OA of acetabular cup was the vertical ordinate. All data was analyzed by SAS 6.12 software.

RESULTSLarge GR greatly increased the size of safe range and it was recommended that GR be more than 2.37 when the CCD-angle was 135 degrees as it further increases the size of safezone. The size of cup safety range of the severe criteria was smaller than normal criteria. When the CCD-angle was 135 degrees, the optimum relationship between OA of acetabular and FA of the normal criteria and the severe criteria can be estimated by the formula: Y1=-0.816X1 + 39.76 (R2=0.993), Y2=-0.873X2 + 47.04 (R2=0.999) respectively.

CONCLUSIONLarge GR greatly increases the size of safe-zone and it is recommended that GR be more than 2.37, so it extends the acceptable range of error that clinicians cannot avoid it completely. The larger range of the hip motion, the smaller size of the cup safe-zone,but can retrieve by increase the GR. The OA is negative with FA.

Activities of Daily Living ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular