Oral mucosal drug delivery has the advantages of rapid drug absorption, no first-pass effect and good patient compliance. However, factors such as low drug dissolution, saliva carrying the drug into the gastrointestinal tract and the existence of physiological barriers in the mucosa may affect the mucosal permeation and bioavailability of the drug. Nanotechnology applied to drug oral mucosa delivery can overcome the above disadvantages and obtain efficient absorption effect. This paper describes the physiological structure of oral mucosa and the factors affecting the absorption of drugs in oral mucosa, reviews the application of nanotechnology such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, polymer nanoparticles, polymer micelles and nanohybrid suspensions in oral mucosal drug delivery and the mechanism of promoting drug absorption, summarizes the main problems of current research, and gives an outlook on the application of nano oral mucosal drug delivery system. The main problems of current research are summarized, and the prospects for the application of nano oral mucosal drug delivery systems are discussed.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at investigating the carrier rate of, and molecular variation in, α- and β-globin gene mutations in Hunan Province. METHODS: We recruited 25,946 individuals attending premarital screening from 42 districts and counties in all 14 cities of Hunan Province. Hematological screening was performed, and molecular parameters were assessed. RESULTS: The overall carrier rate of thalassemia was 7.1%, including 4.83% for α-thalassemia, 2.15% for β-thalassemia, and 0.12% for both α- and β-thalassemia. The highest carrier rate of thalassemia was in Yongzhou (14.57%). The most abundant genotype of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia was -α ^3.7/αα (50.23%) and β ^IVS-II-654/β ^N (28.23%), respectively. Four α-globin mutations [CD108 (ACC>AAC), CAP +29 (G>C), Hb Agrinio and Hb Cervantes] and six β-globin mutations [CAP +8 (C>T), IVS-II-848 (C>T), -56 (G>C), beta nt-77 (G>C), codon 20/21 (-TGGA) and Hb Knossos] had not previously been identified in China. Furthermore, this study provides the first report of the carrier rates of abnormal hemoglobin variants and α-globin triplication in Hunan Province, which were 0.49% and 1.99%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the high complexity and diversity of thalassemia gene mutations in the Hunan population. The results should facilitate genetic counselling and the prevention of severe thalassemia in this region.
Humans ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics* ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; Hemoglobinopathies/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

Objective: Compare and analyze the results of the domestic Lanyi AH600 glycated hemoglobin analyzer and other different detection systems to understand the comparability of the detection results of different detectors, and establish the best cut point of Lanyi AH600 determination of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes. Methods: Multi center cohort study was adopted. The clinical laboratory departments of 18 medical institutions independently collected test samples from their respective hospitals from March to April 2022, and independently completed comparative analysis of the evaluated instrument (Lanyi AH600) and the reference instrument HbA1c. The reference instruments include four different brands of glycosylated hemoglobin meters, including Arkray, Bio-Rad, DOSOH, and Huizhong. Scatter plot was used to calculate the correlation between the results of different detection systems, and the regression equation was calculated. The consistency analysis between the results of different detection systems was evaluated by Bland Altman method. Consistency judgment principles: (1) When the 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) of the measurement difference was within 0.4% HbA1c and the measurement score was≥80 points, the comparison consistency was good; (2) When the measurement difference of 95% LoA exceeded 0.4% HbA1c, and the measurement score was≥80 points, the comparison consistency was relatively good; (3) The measurement score was less than 80 points, the comparison consistency was poor. The difference between the results of different detection systems was tested by paired sample T test or Wilcoxon paired sign rank sum test; The best cut-off point of diabetes was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The correlation coefficient R² of results between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument in 16 hospitals is≥0.99; The Bland Altman consistency analysis showed that the difference of 95% LoA in Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in Jiangsu Province (reference instrument: Arkray HA8180) was -0.486%-0.325%, and the measurement score was 94.6 points (473/500); The difference of 95% LoA in the Tibetan Traditional Medical Hospital of TAR (reference instrument: Bio-Rad Variant II) was -0.727%-0.612%, and the measurement score was 89.8 points; The difference of 95% LoA in the People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT) was -0.231%-0.461%, and the measurement score was 96.6 points; The difference of 95% LoA in the Taihe Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT) was -0.469%-0.479%, and the measurement score was 91.9 points. The other 14 hospitals, Lanyi AH600, were compared with 4 reference instrument brands, the difference of 95% LoA was less than 0.4% HbA1c, and the scores were all greater than 95 points. The results of paired sample T test or Wilcoxon paired sign rank sum test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument Arkray HA8180 (Z=1.665,P=0.096), with no statistical difference. The mean difference between the measured values of the two instruments was 0.004%. The comparison data of Lanyi AH600 and the reference instrument of all other institutions had significant differences (all P<0.001), however, it was necessary to consider whether it was within the clinical acceptable range in combination with the results of the Bland-Altman consistency analysis. The ROC curve of HbA1c detected by Lanyi AH600 in 985 patients with diabetes and 3 423 patients with non-diabetes was analyzed, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.877, the standard error was 0.007, and the 95% confidence interval 95%CI was (0.864, 0.891), which was statistically significant (P<0.001). The maximum value of Youden index was 0.634, and the corresponding HbA1c cut point was 6.235%. The sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis were 76.2% and 87.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Among the hospitals and instruments currently included in this study, among these four hospitals included Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in Jiangsu Province (reference instrument: Arkray HA8180), Tibetan Traditional Medical Hospital of TAR (reference instrument: Bio-Rad Variant Ⅱ), the People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT), and the Taihe Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province (reference instrument: Huizhong MQ-2000PT), the comparison between Lanyi AH600 and the reference instruments showed relatively good consistency, while the other 14 hospitals involved four different brands of reference instruments: Arkray, Bio-Rad, DOSOH, and Huizhong, Lanyi AH600 had good consistency with its comparison. The best cut point of the domestic Lanyi AH600 for detecting HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes is 6.235%.
Pregnancy ; Child ; Humans ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; ROC Curve

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of patients with unclassifiable B-cell lymphoma intermediated between DLCBL and BL.

METHODSA total of 16 patients with DLBCL/BL in our hospital were included in this study between July 2014 and June 2016. The clinical and pathological data of 16 patients were collected. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate and compare overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The log-rank test was used to analyze the influence of age, sex, B symptoms, LDH level, lymyhoma staging, KPS score, Ki-67(%), extranodal sites, IPI score, β2 microglobulin level, DPLs, tumour cell origin and treatment etc. Results: Fifty out of 16 patients showed extra-nodal involvement among the 16 patients with DLBCL/BL. The median OS and PFS times were 11 and 7 months respectively. The one year OS and PFS rates were 50.0% and 43.8% respectively. The borderline difference between the CHOP, CHOP-like, and intensive chemotherapy groups is statistically significant(P=0.067). Univariate analysis showed that IPI score and LDH were significant prognostic factors for the overall survival of the patients with DLBCL/BL.

CONCLUSIONDLBCL/BL is a highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma with a short survival time. DLBCL/BL responded better to intensive chemotherapy than CHOP or CHOP-like regimen. IPI score and LDH level are significant prognostic factors for the overall survival of the patients with DLBCL/BL.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Cyclophosphamide ; Disease-Free Survival ; Doxorubicin ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Prednisone ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Vincristine

Objective · To explore the association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein level and peripheral nerve demyelination in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Methods · Clinical and biochemical data of 86 patients with GBS were retrospectively analyzed. According to electromyograms examination of peripheral nerve, GBS patients were divided into group with demyelination and group with axonal degeneration, and their clinical and biochemical characteristics were compared between the two groups. The correlation between CSF protein level and peripheral nerve demyelination was assessed by Spearman's correlation analysis. Results · Between the group with demyelination and group with axonal degeneration,there was no significant difference in gender, age, Hughes score, respiratory infection, gastrointestinal infection, erythra, ganglioside sodium injection and immunoglobulin G (IgG) index (P>0.05). Significant higher level of CSF protein, CSF albumin/serum albumin, IgG, and 24 h IgG intrathecal synthesis rate were detected in group with demyelination than that of in group with axonal degeneration (P<0.01). CSF protein level was positively correlated with peripheral nerve demyelination (r=0.345, P=0.001). Conclusion · The incidence of peripheral nerve demyelination increased accompanied with CSF protein level, and analysis of CSF protein level may be helpful in investigating the immunologic mechanism of peripheral nerve demyelination in GBS patients.

OBJECTIVETo translate the English version of The Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) into Chinese, evaluate its reliability and validity, and analyze its feasibility in the diagnosis of premature ejaculation (PE).

METHODSFollowing the forward-backward translation procedure, we developed the Chinese version of PEDT, which was then revised by andrologists and bilingual linguists. We enrolled subjects with or without PE from 15 urological or andrological clinics in China and obtained the information about their demographic characteristics, PEDT scores, and intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT). We evaluated the internal consistency of PEDT using Cronbach alpha, was examined its reliability and stability by test-retest analysis, analyzed its correlation with IELT by Spearman correlation analysis, and tested its sensitivity and specificity by receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) analysis.

RESULTSTotally, 570 PE patients (aged [30.66 ± 7.11] years) and 226 non-PE men (aged [33.01 ± 5.41] years) were recruited, with the mean IELT of (1.34 ± 0.54) min in the former and (11.09 ± 7.5) min in the latter group. The Cronbach's alpha of the Chinese version of PEDT was 0.79, and the test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.75 (P < 0.01). The PEDT score was negatively correlated with IELT (Spearman's p = -0.52, P < 0.01). When the cutoff value of PE diagnosis was defined as 7.5, the sensitivity and specificity of PEDT were 0.80 and 0.78, and when as 8.5, they were 0.72 and 0.89, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe Chinese version of PEDT was demonstrated to have good internal consistency, reliability, and validity, as well as a high predictability for PE. It can be used as a reliable and convenient tool to screen PE among Chinese men.

Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Ejaculation ; Feasibility Studies ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Premature Ejaculation ; diagnosis ; ROC Curve ; Reaction Time ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Translations

To synthesize a series of 3-, 4-, and/or 11-trihydroxy modified bergenin derivatives and evaluated their cytotoxic activity in vitro. The phenolic hydroxyl groups of bergenin were protected by benzyl groups with benzyl bromide. Treatment of dibenzyl bergenin with the corresponding acid in the presence of EDC·HCl and DMAP in CH2Cl2, followed by hydrogenation over Pd/C catalysts, afforded derivatives of bergenin esters. All of the target compounds were identified by IR, MS, and (1)H NMR. Twenty-six novel and three known derivatives of bergenin esters were synthesized. Their cytotoxicity values were evaluated by the MTT assay on the inhibition of DU-145 and BGC-823 cells in vitro. Several triply-substituted (3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a) and doubly-substituted (8b, 9b) bergenin derivatives exhibited higher cytotoxic activity than bergenin. The result showed that the size of substituents and the lipophilicity of the bergenin esters displayed an important role on their cytotoxic activity.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Benzopyrans ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dipterocarpaceae ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Structure ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Objective To investigate the correlations of hepatitis B virus markers and hepatitis B virus-DNA vectors in blood between women in perinatal period and cord blood,and to assess the risk of HBV infections status in pregnant women to intrauterine fetal infective.Methods We selected 612 pregnant women who decided to delivery in hospital,in compliance with the principles of informed consent.According the difference of hepatitis virus serological markers existing in pregnant women,samples were divided into six groups.We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect hepatitis virus serological markers,existing in serum of mother and cord blood.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was supplied to test HBV-DNA load levels in these two kinds of biological specimen.Results In group A,hepatitis B virus " big 3 positives " or 1,3 positive 149 lying-in woman examples,two positive rates of HBV-DNA about pregnant women and cord blood are 99.33％ and 32.21％ ; in group B,positive rates of HBV-DNA in two kinds of specimen are 20.00％ and 3.08％ ; in group C and D,two positive rates are and the average contents of HBV-DNA,the results as mentioned in each group respectively are 65.52％,12.07％ and 13.56％,1.69％ respectively.Control group is group E,86 lying-in woman examples and the detecting results orderly are 1.16％,0.There was a significant difference in positive rate of HBV-DNA in cord blood between group A and group B subgroups (x2 =54.09,P ＜ 0.01).There is significant positive correlation between HBV-DNA vectors existing in mother's serum and the positive rate of HBV-DNA in cord blood.Hepatitis B virus the mother blood " big 3 positives " is the umbilicus blood HBV-DNA 6345 times that carries quantity in average.Conclusion ① During the perinatal period,along with the HBV-DNA load levels arising of pregnant women,the risk of HBV infections status in pregnant women to intrauterine fetal infective increased.②Suggeste to develop the compound pattern human hepatitis B immunoglobulin:Increase the composition of efficient price HBeAb-can be combinated HBeAg,HBsAb can be combinated HBsAg,strengthen the hinderance and break hepatitis B virus disseminate.③Our government should strengthen the propaganda of hepatitis B virus education.Establish and perfect to surround and produce the system of health protection.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the short-term outcomes of patients receiving orthopedic surgery with posterior pedicle screw fixation for degenerative lumbar scoliosis.

METHODSBetween March, 2006 and August, 2009, 36 patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (19 males and 17 females) underwent procedures of decompression, bone implantation and pedicle screw fixation. Fifteen patients were also treated by PLIF and 21 cases received posterior-lateral fusion. The JOA scores, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and Cobb angle were recorded before and after the operation, and the surgical complications were also observed.

RESULTSThe JOA scores increased significantly by 83.3% after the operation (P<0.05). The procedures resulted in significantly lowered ODI from (67.1∓11.4)% before the operation to (32.1∓10.8)% after the operation (P<0.01). A significant improvement of the coronal Cobb's angle was achieved after the operation (26.7° preoperatively vs 12.3° postoperatively, P<0.01), and the lordosis angle was improved from 10.7° to 36.6° after the operation (P<0.01). All the patients were followed up for 12 to 50 months (mean 38 months), and no implant loosening, displacement or fragmentation, or pseudarthrosis was found at the final follow-up.

CONCLUSIONPosterior pedicle screw fixation shows good short-term therapeutic effect in treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Individualized surgical plans and adequate preoperative evaluation are keys to successful operations.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Screws ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods ; Scoliosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome