Cells not only contain membrane-bound organelles (MBOs), but also membraneless organelles (MLOs) formed by condensation of many biomacromolecules. Examples include RNA-protein granules such as nucleoli and PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) in the nucleus, as well as stress granules and P-bodies in the cytoplasm. Phase separation is the basic organizing principle of the form of the condensates or membraneless organelles (MLOs) of biomacromolecules including proteins and nucleic acids. In particular, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) compartmentalises and concentrates biological macromolecules into liquid condensates. It has been found that phase separation of biomacromolecules requires some typical intrinsic characteristics, such as intrinsically disordered regions, modular domains and multivalent interactions. The phase separation of biomacromolecules plays a key role in many important cell activities. In recent years, the phase separation of biomacromolecules phase has become a focus of research in gene transcriptional regulation. Transcriptional regulatory elements such as RNA polymerases, transcription factors (TFs), and super enhancers (SEs) all play important roles through phase separation. Our group has previously reported for the first time that long-term inactivation or absence of assembly factors leads to the formation of condensates of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) subunits in the cytoplasm, and this process is reversible, suggesting a novel regulatory model of eukaryotic transcription machinery. The phase separation of biomacromolecules provides a biophysical understanding for the rapid transmission of transcriptional signals by a large number of TFs. Moreover, phase separation during transcriptional regulation is closely related to the occurrence of cancer. For example, the activation of oncogenes is usually associated with the formation of phase separation condensates at the SEs. In this review, the intrinsic characteristics of the formation of biomacromolecules phase separation and the important role of phase separation in transcriptional regulation are reviewed, which will provide reference for understanding basic cell activities and gene regulation in cancer.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics* ; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/genetics* ; China ; Genetic Profile ; Humans ; Pedigree

Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) comorbid with diabetes mellitus (DM) and to analyze the prognosis within 12 months after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pre-PCI). Methods A total of 375 STEMI patients were divided into the diabetes group (n=140) and the normal blood glucose group(n=235) according to whether they met the diagnostic criteria of DH. The clinical data,characteristics of coronary artery lesions,type of stent implant,rate of coronary slow flow or no-reflow after pre-PCI, and the prognosis within 12 months after PCI of the two groups were investigated.Results Patient in the diabetes group presented with higher mean age ,higher comorbid rates of hypertension , hyperlipidemia and heart function of Killip class Ш and above than patients in the normal blood glucose group (all P<0.05). patients in the diabetes group had higher rates of slow reflow /no-reflow after PCI(12.9% vs.5.5%,P=0.013),higher percentages of 3-ressel disease(40.7% vs. 28.9%,P=0.019)and lef t main lesions(13.6% vs. 7.2%,P=0.044). The in-hospital mortality rates(6.4% vs.1.7%,P=0.020),revascularization rates within 12 months(7.9% vs.0.9%,P=0.001)and incidence of heart failure(7.9% vs. 2.6%,P=0.017)were all higher in the diabetes group. Conclusions STEMI patients comorbid with DM were relatively older, had higher comorbidities of hypertension,hyperlipidemia, three-vessel disease, left main coronary lesions and higher mortality during hospitalization. No significant increase in cardiac death and recurrent myocardial infarction were deserved during the follow-up period. These patients may benefit more from early intervention.

OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility and clinical efficacy of a minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach in the treatment of Sanders II calcaneus fractures.

METHODSFrom August of 2015 to July of 2016, 13 patients(totally 13 feet) with Sanders II intra-articular calcaneus fractures were treated via the minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach. The Böhler angle, Gissane angle and the length, width and height of calcaneus were compared between pre-operation and post-operation. The AOFAS ankle and foot scoring system of the orthopaedic ankle foot Association was used to evaluate the efficacy.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 15 months, with an average of 9.5 months. No incision complications occurred. The Böhler angle was increased from preoperative (18.82±5.11)° to postoperative(26.63±4.45)°(=-4.16,=0.000). The Gissane angle was increased from preoperative(111.07±15.36)° to postoperative (124.56±8.71)° (=-2.75,=0.011). The length, width, height of calcaneus were absolutely improved from preoperative(69.82±5.95) mm, (42.07±3.68) mm, (41.20±3.90) mm to preoperatively(72.61±5.46) mm, (39.10±4.02) mm, (44.03±3.33) mm. According to the AOFAS, 8 patients got an excellent result, 4 good and 1 poor, and the postoperative mean score was 88.2±5.9.

CONCLUSIONSThe limited open sinus tarsi approach could be used successfully to treat displaced Sanders II fractures with less injury and effectively restored the surface of subtalar joint, however the method is not fit for the patients with comminuted fracture in lateral wall and great change in the length, width, height, varus and valgus of calcaneus.

Along with the increase of clinical application, the safety of traditional Chinese medicine gained more and more attentions. In particular, the safety evaluation of Chinese medical injections has become a mandatory task should be completed by pharmaceutical companies under the supervision of China Food and Drug Administration(CFDA). Due to the weak foundation of previous studies, the safety issues of Chinese medical injections have not been fully understood, and lack of scientific and rational risk management programs. Clinical safety centralized monitoring(CSCM) is an important method for post-market safety evaluation of Chinese medicine. Due to the lack of appropriate norms and procedures, the quality of similar research is uneven, and the results vary. Combined with practical experience with experts' suggestions, we developed this expert consensus on the design and implementation of CSCM from three stages (design, implementation and report) with 20 technical points, which will provide technical support for future CSCM studies.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of BCR-ABL gene transcripts on Leukemia-free survival (LFS) and prognosis of patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (PhALL) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

METHODSThe clinical data of 107 cases of PhB-ALL patients received allo-HSCT from July 2006 to November 2014 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were collected and the relationship between the clinical characteristics and LFS after transplantation was analyzed.

RESULTSOut of 107 PhALL patients (64 males and 43 females) with a median age of 30(7 to 54)years old, 35.5% (38/107) cases relapsed after transplantation within a median time of 6.9 (1.5 to 40.7) months. A total of 39 (36.4%) cases died within a median time of 19.8 (3.6 to 83.7) months after HSCT, of which 51.3% (20/39) due to disease relapse and 25.6% (10/39) due to infection. BCR-ABL gene transcripts of 49 cases turn into negative before transplantation, of which the expected 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), non-relapse mortality (NRM) and overall survival (OS) were 26.5%, 29.5% and 41.6%, respectively. Another 49 cases still had a positive BCR-ABL gene transcripts before transplantation, of which the life expectancy of 5 year CIR, NRM and OS were 64.4%,8.9% and 48.9%, respectively. Compared with BCR-ABL positive patients, BCR-ABL negative patients showed a lower CIR (P<0.001), a higher NRM (P=0.030) and a similar OS (41.6% versus 48.9%, P=0.497). Multivariate analysis showed that BCR-ABL positive (P=0.016) and a disease statusphase ≥CR2 (P<0.001) before HSCT were independent risk factors for LFS, while the age underwent HSCT was the principal element affecting prognosis (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONBoth the relapse and infection are the main causes of death in the patients after transplantation. A disease status ≥CR2 and the BCR-ABL positive before transplantation are 2 independent risk factors of LFS in the patients with PhALL after allo-HSCT.

Objective To understand the schistosomiasis control knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP),and influenc-ing factors of behaviors among residents in Jiangsu Province,so as to provide the evidence for making effective health education and health promotion models. Methods The probability proportionate to size sampling(PPS)and multi-stage sampling meth-ods were adopted to sample the research objects. A questionnaire survey of schistosomiasis control KAP was conducted in the res-idents of 16 to 69 years old in schistosomiasis endemic areas of Jiangsu Province,and the results were statistically analyzed. Re-sults The total awareness rate of the participants was 95.98%for schistosomiasis control knowledge. The correct rates of atti-tude and practice were 89.06%and 77.43%,respectively. The awareness/correct rates of knowledge,attitude and practice re-duced in turns significantly(χ2=1282.96,P<0.01). The knowledge awareness rate of fishermen and boatmen was 90.98%, but their attitude correct rate was only 53.81%(χ2=120.52,P<0.01). The unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that with the education level increasing,their practice correct rate rose,and the participants with the college degree or above had a higher correct rate compared to illeterate ones(OR=6.411,95%CI:4.896-8.395). The practice correct rate of the fisher-men and boatmen was only 5.1%of the rate of the farmers(OR=0.051,95%CI:0.029-0.091). Conclusions The total aware-ness rate of basic knowledge of schistosomiasis prevention and control in the residents of Jiangsu Province has reached the re-quirements in the"National Schistosomiasis Control Long-term Planning Outline(2004-2015)",but the correct rate of behav-iors is low. The education level,occupation and residential areas affect the health behaviors of schistosomiasis prevention and control. Therefore,it is necessary to carry out targeted health promotion activities to promote the formation of healthy lifestyle and behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the microRNA levels in the serum of dust exposure population. METHODS: By cluster random sampling method,479 dust exposure workers were selected as dust exposure group. Four hundred and thirty-four normal healthy people without occupational dust exposure history were selected as control group. Forty-three pneumoconiosis patients were selected as pneumoconiosis group. The peripheral venous blood of the objects of 3 groups were collected,and the plasma serum were separated for detecting the relative expression of miR-16,miR-21,miR-29 a,miR-155,miR-200 c,miR-204 and miR-206 in serum by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The difference of microRNA expression in the above 3 groups was observed. RESULTS: From high to low,the relative expression levels of miR-16,miR-29 a and miR-200 c were pneumoconiosis group > dust exposure group > control group( P < 0. 05),while the relative expression levels of miR-204 were control group > dust exposure group > pneumoconiosis group( P < 0. 05).The relative expression levels of miR-21 in dust exposure and pneumoconiosis groups were higher than that of control group,respectively( P < 0. 05). The relative expression level of miR-155 in dust exposure group was lower than that of control group( P < 0. 05). The relative expression level of miR-206 in pneumoconiosis group was higher than those of dust exposure group and control group respectively( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The miR-16,miR-29 a,miR-200 c and miR-204 could be used as biomarkers in early diagnosis of pneumoconiosis disease.

Adult ; Benzamides ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; drug therapy ; Male ; Piperazines ; administration & dosage ; Pyrimidines ; administration & dosage ; Sirolimus ; administration & dosage

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy performed at different times on the cognitive dysfunction of rats with traumatic brain injury. Methods The traumatic brain injured models were established by use of lateral fluid percussion in rats. Ninety-six rats were equally randomized into 4 groups: control group (group A), traumatic brain injured model group (group B), traumatic brain injured model plus conventional therapy group (group C), traumatic brain injured model plus both conventional therapy and HBO therapy group (group D). And group D also divided into 4 subgroups (n=6): D-3 h group, D-12 h group, D-24 h group and D-72 h groups that HBO therapy was performed at 3, 12, 24 and 72 h of the traumatic brain injury, respectively. The changes of learning and memory abilities before or after the therapy in each group were tested by Morris water maze method. Results Group B had the longest latency of finding the underwater platform as compared with the other 3 groups, followed by group C, group D and group A; as to the 4 sub-groups, D-72 h group had the longest latency of finding the underwater platform as compared with the other 3 groups, followed by group D-24 h, group D-12 h and group D-3 h. Group A could cross the original platform in the spatial probe test most often among all the 4 groups, followed by group D, group C and group B; group A, group C and group D was significantly different in clossing the original platform in the spatial probe test as compared with group B (P<0.05); group D-3 h could cross the original platform in the spatial probe test most often among all the 4 sub-groups, followed by group D-12 h, group D-24 h and group D-72 h.Conclusion HBO treatment can effectively improve the cognitive dysfunction of rats with traumatic brain injury, especially those within 12 h of injury.