Objective To calculate the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space(DTI-ALPS)index,evaluate the function of the glymphatic system,observe the changes in the DTI-ALPS index during the aging process,and find the relationship between the DTI-ALPS index and correlates of certain executive functions that reflect mental flexibility,based on DTI-ALPS.Methods The FSL toolbox was used to extract the DTI-ALPS index of the dominant hemisphere of the brain of adult subjects in the NKI Rockland Sample data set,and the correlations between the DTI-ALPS index and age and design fluency practical accuracy were analyzed,respectively.Differences in DTI-ALPS index among different age groups and the mediating effect of DTI-ALPS index between age and design fluency practical accuracy were analyzed.Results The DTI-ALPS index was negatively correlated with age(r=-0.288,P＜0.001),but there was a local peak of recovery in the 60-69 age group(P＜0.01).The DTI-ALPS index was positively correlated with the design fluency practical accuracy(r=0.258,P=0.001).The mediating effect of DTI-ALPS index between age and design fluency practical accuracy was statistically significant(P＜0.05),and the mediating effect accounted for 22.1％of the total effect.Conclusion The DTI-ALPS index showed an overall downward trend during the aging process,but there is a local peak of recovery in the 60-69 age group.At the same time,the DTI-ALPS index might be related to certain executive functions that could reflect thinking flexibility.

Objective To explore the differences in the robustness of structural covariance networks among populations with different circadian rhythm preferences,and to constructing brain structural covariance networks based on gray matter volume and cortical thickness.Methods Morphological metrics of gray matter from early chronotype and late chronotype volunteers was extracted by using the CAT 12 toolbox.Structural covariance networks based on gray matter volume and cortical thickness were constructed according to the LPBA40 atlas and Desikan-Killiany atlas.Graph theoretical parameters were calculated and the resilience of structural covariance networks against deliberate attacks were assessed by utilizing the GAT toolbox to observe the network's robustness.Results In the structural covariance network constructed based on gray matter volume,when using betweenness centrality as the target of deliberate attacks and network size as the measure of network robustness,the structural covariance network of early chronotype volunteers exhibits greater robustness than that of late chronotype volunteers(P＜0.05).When using node degree as the target of deliberate attacks and network size as the evaluation metric for network robustness,the structural covariance network robustness of early chronotype volunteers showed no statistically significant difference compared with the late chronotype volunteers(P＞0.05).In the structural covariance network constructed based on cortical thickness,when using betweenness centrality or node degree as the targets of deliberate attacks,and network size as the evaluation metric for network robustness,the structural covariance network robustness of early chronotype volunteers was weaker than that of late chronotype volunteers(P＜0.05).Conclusion The covariance relationships among brain gray matter morphology vary among populations with different circadian rhythm preferences,and the differences in structural covariance network robustness may be one of the manifestations,which provides a new understanding of the neuroanatomical features related to circadian rhythm.

Aim To explore the key targets of d-borneol combined with eisplatin for sensitization of cisplatin-resistant NCSLC cells by RNA-Seq and verify its mechanism. Methods Cisplatin-resistant human large cell lung cancer cells (H460/CDDP) were inoculated into the right armpit of male BALB/c nude mice (4 weeks old) to construct a xenograft tumor model. Then they were randomly divided into control group, vehicle group, eisplatin group, and combination group (d-borneol + eisplatin) with 6 nude mice and treated for 14 d. After last administration of 24 h, the tumor tissue was taken for RNA-Seq. And then real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to verify the expression of cell cycle-related molecules. Results RNA-seq analysis showed that there were significant differences in gene expression between the eisplatin group and combined group, and they were significantly enriched in cell cycle. RT-PCR and IHC results showed that d-borneol combined with eisplatin could significantly inhibit the expressions of cyclins (cyclin A2, cyclin D3) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK2, CDK6) and promote the expression of its upstream molecular cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CD-KI (P21, P27) (P<0. 05, P<0.01). Conclusions d-Borneol increases the sensitivity of eisplatin by increasing the expression of P21 and P27 and inhibiting the expression of cyclinA2/D3 and CDK2/6 to induce cell cycle arrest and inhibit the malignant proliferation of H460/CDDP cells, thereby achieving the effect of anti-drug sensitization.

During coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the treatment of severe trauma has been impacted. The Consensus on emergency surgery and infection prevention and control for severe trauma patients with 2019 novel corona virus pneumonia was published online on February 12, 2020, providing a strong guidance for the emergency treatment of severe trauma and the self-protection of medical staffs in the early stage of the epidemic. With the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council renaming "novel coronavirus pneumonia" to "novel coronavirus infection" and the infection being managed with measures against class B infectious diseases since January 8, 2023, the consensus published in 2020 is no longer applicable to the emergency treatment of severe trauma in the new stage of epidemic prevention and control. In this context, led by the Chinese Traumatology Association, Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association, Trauma Medicine Branch of Chinese International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology, the Chinese expert consensus on emergency surgery for severe trauma and infection prevention during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic ( version 2023) is formulated to ensure the effectiveness and safety in the treatment of severe trauma in the new stage. Based on the policy of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council and by using evidence-based medical evidence as well as Delphi expert consultation and voting, 16 recommendations are put forward from the four aspects of the related definitions, infection prevention, preoperative assessment and preparation, emergency operation and postoperative management, hoping to provide a reference for severe trauma care in the new stage of the epidemic prevention and control.

In the research and development of new drugs, it is very important to investigate the in vitro metabolism of candidate drugs. Traditional models such as liver microsomes have many limitations, while the in vitro model of recombinant human drug metabolizing enzymes is considered as an important and useful approach because of its convenient access, stable activity and low cost. In this study, six major human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) genes (UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9 and 2B7) were cloned from human liver cDNA and heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and baculovirus-infected insect cell. UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A6 and 1A9 were successfully expressed in yeast and showed glucuronidation activity against a variety of different structural types of substrates, but their activities were low. All six UGTs were successfully expressed and exhibited significantly improved glucuronidation activity when Trichopolusia ni cells BTI-TN5B1-4 (High Five) were used as the host. The recombinant human UGTs expressed in insect cells can catalyze the glucuronidation of their specific substrates, and the glucuronidation products were synthesized at milligram-scale with yields of 13%-66% for the first time, of which the structures were identified via MS, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic analysis. Above all, the recombinant human UGTs yeast and insect cell expression systems constructed in this study can be used for in vitro metabolism evaluation in the early stage of new drugs research and development, and also provide a new tool for the synthesis of glucuronide metabolites.

As a traditional Chinese medicine， Ziziphi Spinosae Semen （ZSS） has the functions of tonifying liver， tranquilizing heart， astringent sweat and producing body fluid， which is used to treat neurasthenia， insomnia， dreaminess， debility， night sweat and so on. With the rapid and constant development of ZSS resource industry and its medicinal value， a large number of by-products and waste generated in the production and processing process， resulting in serious environmental problems. In general， the utilization rate of ZSS resources was still not high. Based on this， the chemical components and potential resources of ZSS were systematically combed from the perspective of the medicinal parts and bioactive components in this paper， and the authors had summarized that the widely application of ZSS and its by-products （fruit， leaf， root， etc.） in the fields of food， medicine， functional food and other areas was discovered and summarized as feed， feed additives， activated carbon， organic fertilizer， etc. In addition， this paper systematically summarized the current environmental protection problems of the industry， and put forward suggestions for improvement， aiming at reducing environmental pollution and improving the utilization efficiency of resources， so as to provide reference and basis for the comprehensive utilization of ZSS and its by-products， and promote the green， economical and double-effect development of the industry.

Objective:Through the preparation of Alzheimer's disease （AD） rat model， the effect of Yuanzhisan on the expression of Ghrelin was observed， and the possible mechanisms in preventing and treating AD were discussed. Method:A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group， model group， donepezil group（1.02 mg·kg^-1）， and high， medium and low-dose Yuanzhisan groups （12，6，3 g·kg^-1）， with 20 rats in each group， including half male and half female. The rats in sham-operated group were injected with normal saline （NS）， and the rats in other groups were injected with β-amyloid 1-40 （Aβ_1-40） in hippocampus to induce the AD rat model. During the 10-week continuous gavage， the food intake of rats in each group was observed and recorded. After the end of gavage， learning and memory abilities of rats were tested by Morris water maze. The whole brain and the gastric body and antrum were collected， the pathologic changes in the CA1 area of hippocampus was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the expression of Ghrelin was detected by immunohistochemistry. Result:Compared with the sham-operated group， the escape latency time of model group rats increased （P<0.01），while times across platform， retention time in effective area and movement distance decreased （P<0.01）. The disorder of neurons， the decrease of the neuronal number， and the pyknosis of nucleus were observed in hippocampal CA1 area. The food intake of male and female rats decreased significantly （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The expression of Ghrelin in hippocampal CA1 area and gastric mucosa decreased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the escape latency time of rats in each treatment group was significantly shortened （P<0.05，P<0.01），whereas times across platform， retention time in effective area and movement distance increased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The pathologic change was improved markedly， and the daily food intake of rats in high and medium-dose Yuanzhisan groups increased significantly （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The protein expression of Ghrelin in hippocampal CA1 area and gastric mucosa increased significantly in each Yuanzhisan group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Conclusion:Yuanzhisan can effectively improve the learning and memory abilities of AD rats and increase the daily intake， which may be related to its up-regulation of Ghrelin content in hippocampal CA1 area and gastric mucosa.