In the strategic context of "healthy China"， the concept of "medicine and food homology"， rooted in the culture of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， has received unprecedented attention. In response to population aging in China， the health of the elderly has become the focus of public health attention， and proactive health is the key to healthy aging. From the perspective of the application of medicinal and edible materials in proactive health and technological responses to population aging for the first time， this paper firstly provided a systematic overview of medicinal and edible materials and the policies related to proactive health. Second， it summarized the situation of modern technology that accelerates the research and development of medicinal and edible products， as well as the current situation of various modern biotechnologies that reveal the mechanism of action of medicinal and edible materials. Third， it discussed the application scenarios of medicinal and edible materials in proactive health and technological responses to population aging， as well as the future research and development of medicinal and edible materials. By exploring in depth the unique value and importance of medicinal and edible materials， the paper lays a theoretical foundation for improving the health care capabilities of TCM and contributes new strategies derived from TCM to healthy aging.

This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing， clinical efficacy of Pyrrosiae Folium by consulting the ancient materia medica， medical books and prescription books， combined with modern literature， in order to provide a reference for the development of famous classical formulas containing this herb. After herbal textual research， it was found that the names of Pyrrosiae Folium in the past dynasties were mostly derived from its color， shape and efficacy. And there were other nicknames such as Shizhe， Shipi and Shilan. Song， Yuan dynasties and before the period， the main origin of Pyrrosiae Folium was Pyrrosia petiolosa， in the Ming dynasty， the main origins were P. petiolosa and P. sheareri， during the Qing dynasty to the present， the main origins were P. sheareri， P. petiolosa and P. lingua. Anciently， the respected Dao-di production area of Pyrrosiae Folium was the area of Lianyungang city， Jiangsu province. In modern times， Anhui and Zhejiang provinces are the main producing areas of P. sheareri， Fujian and Taiwan provinces are the main producing areas of P. lingua， and Guizhou and Hubei provinces are the main producing areas of P. petiolosa. In ancient and modern times， Pyrrosiae Folium with large leaves and thick texture is considered to be the best， the medicinal part is the leaves， and the harvesting and processing methods recorded in the past dynasties were mainly shade-drying after harvesting in the February and July of the lunar calendar， while the modern ones are mostly harvested throughout the year. The processing methods of the past dynasties mainly included removing fuzz by scraping， lightly roasted， frying， fat-fried. However， in modern times， it is mostly used the raw products as a medicine after cleaning， cutting and drying. In ancient times， Pyrrosiae Folium was thought to have a neutral nature with slightly sweet and bitter taste， while in modern times， it is thought to have a slightly cold nature with slightly sweet and bitter taste， and the main effects in ancient and modern times are diuretic， clearing lung-heat， hemostasis and so on. Based on the research results， it is suggested that P. sheareri， P. petiolosa and P. lingua can be used as the medicinal base， processing method can be according to the requirements of formulas， and if the processing requirements are not indicated， the raw products can be selected as the medicine.

In this paper， the name， origin， medicinal parts， producing area， harvesting， processing methods and efficacy of Equiseti Hiemalis Herba（EHH） in famous classical formulas were examined by reviewing related ancient and modern literature. Through textual research， Muzei was first appeared in Zhenyuan Guanglifang（《贞元广利方》）， and used as a mainstream name by later generations. It is also known by other names， such as Cuocao and Bigancao. The main origin of ancient EHH was Equisetum hyemale， which was mixed with E. ramosissimum during the Qing dynasty. The medicinal part was the above-ground part of EHH. In ancient times， the genuine producing area was considered to be Qinzhou， which is now Tianshui city， Gansu. In modern times， EHH produced in Liaoning province is believed to be of higher quality. Currently， the main producing area of EHH circulating in the market is the northeast region in China. EHH with stems that are thick and long， a green color， a thick texture， and clearly visible edges and roughness， but without any easily separating joints being considered the best. The processing methods of the past dynasties mainly included filing， removing knots， stir-baked the crude drugs into black on outside and brown in inside， urine soaking， sun drying and shade drying. In modern times， the main processing method is to first moisturize the plant material， and then cut it into sections before drying. In terms of medicinal properties， EHH is considered by both ancient and modern medicine to have a neutral nature， a slightly sweet and bitter taste， and is non-toxic. Its primary therapeutic effects are related to treating eye diseases， intestinal wind bleeding and uterine bleeding. Based on the research， it is suggested that the dried above-ground part of E. hiemale be used in the development and utilization of famous classical formulas. For the processing requirements are not indicated， it is suggested using raw decoction pieces as medicine， and the processing method refers to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. If it is clearly stated that fried charcoal is required， it is recommended to refer to general requirements 0213 of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， if it is clearly stated that removing knots is required， it is recommended to follow the ancient method.

Celastrol and wilforlide A are the main active triterpenoids of the traditional Chinese medicine Lei Gong Teng, which have anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, and are the material basis for the clinical efficacy of Lei Gong Teng-related Chinese medicinal preparations. By analysing the biosynthetic pathway of active ingredients, optimizing genetic elements and utilizing "cell factory" to produce triterpenoids heterologously will be an effective way to obtain from Tripterygium wilfordii in the future in a "low-cost and high-efficient" manner. CYP712Ks are the first cytochrome P450s involved in the skeleton modification of friedelane-type and oleanane-type triterpenoids in T. wilfordii, and they can catalyse the generation of polpunonic acid from friedelin and 3-epi-katonic acid from β-amyrin by carboxylation at C-29 position. In this study, four multifunctional TwCYP712K1/2/3/5 were used to clarify the catalytic function and substrate selection preference using in vivo functional characterization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The spatial structure of the protein-substrate binding was clarified through homology modeling and molecular docking, and then the differential amino acids in the active pocket of the protein were mutated to clarify the crucial amino acids determining the catalytic function and the selection of substrate structure. A total of 63 mutant elements were constructed, and the amino acid sites affecting the carboxylation function of TwCYP712Ks were analyzed. In particular, the key amino acids affecting the substrate selectivity of TwCYP712K2 towards oleanane-type and friedelane-type triterpenoids were revealed and the TwCYP712K2^F127I and TwCYP712K2^A227T mutants would result in a reversal of the product ratio. In conclusion, four proteins of TwCYP712Ks were semi-rationally designed by homologous protein alignment and mutual mutation to elucidate multiple amino acid sites determining the catalytic function of the proteins, and a series of activity-enhancing or altering mutants were obtained, which provide abundant catalytic elements for the biosynthesis of active triterpenoids from T. wilfordii, and the mechanism of carboxylation in the C-29 position was initially elucidated.

italic>Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC is one of the most commonly used bulk medicinal herbs. It has important value in the fields of medicine, food and cosmetics, and its market demand is increasing year by year, and it has a good development prospect. In this study, based on 403 distribution records and 8 environmental variables, we used Maxent model to predict the potential distribution of P. grandiflorum under climate change. The results showed that the model simulation effect was the best when the Maxent parameter was FC (feature combination) = LQPH (L: linear features; Q: quadratic features; P: product features; H: hinge features) and RM (regularization multiplier) = 2.1, AUC (area under curve) = 0.901, and the model prediction showed that P. grandiflorum was widely distributed in 28 provinces of China under the current climate conditions, with a suitable area of 2 337 419.98 km². Under the influence of climate change in the future, the area of suitable habitat of P. grandiflorum showed a decreasing trend, and the distribution center as a whole showed a trend of northward and eastward shift. The distribution area of P. grandiflorum in the three main producing areas is affected by climate change, and the overall trend is that the future suitable distribution area of Chifeng in Inner Mongolia increases, while the future suitable distribution area of Zibo in Shandong and Taihe, Bozhou in Anhui decreases or even disappears under the SSP5-8.5 scenario (shared socioeconomic pathways). It is suggested to maintain and protect the ecological environment and germplasm resources of the reserved area suitable for the growth of P. grandiflorum, and increase the cultivation research in the expansion area of P. grandiflorum, so as to lay a foundation for the subsequent expansion of P. grandiflorum planting and to promote the protection and sustainable development of P. grandiflorum resources.

Tripterygium glycosides tablet(TGT),the classical commercial drug of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F.has been effectively used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,nephrotic syndrome,leprosy,Behcet's syndrome,leprosy reaction and autoimmune hepatitis.However,due to its narrow and limited treatment window,TGT-induced organ toxicity(among which liver injury accounts for about 40％of clinical reports)has gained increasing attention.The present study aimed to clarify the cellular and molecular events underlying TGT-induced acute liver injury using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)technology.The TGT-induced acute liver injury mouse model was constructed through short-term TGT exposure and further verified by hematoxylin-eosin staining and liver function-related serum indicators,including alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin.Using the mouse model,we identified 15 specific subtypes of cells in the liver tissue,including endothelial cells,hepatocytes,cholangiocytes,and hepatic stellate cells.Further analysis indicated that TGT caused a significant inflammatory response in liver endothelial cells at different spatial locations;led to marked inflammatory response,apoptosis and fatty acid metabolism dysfunction in hepatocytes;activated he-patic stellate cells;brought about the activation,inflammation,and phagocytosis of liver capsular macrophages cells;resulted in immune dysfunction of liver lymphocytes;disturbed the intercellular crosstalk in liver microenvironment by regulating various signaling pathways.Thus,these findings elaborate the mechanism underlying TGT-induced acute liver injury,provide new insights into the safe and rational applications in the clinic,and complement the identification of new biomarkers and ther-apeutic targets for liver protection.

This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of alcohol extract of root and root bark of Toddalia asiatica(TAAE) on collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) in rats through phosphatidylinoinosidine-3 kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. To be specific, CIA was induced in rats, and then the rats were treated(oral, daily) with TAAE and Tripterygium Glycoside Tablets(TGT), respectively. The swelling degree of the hind leg joints was scored weekly. After 35 days of administration, the histopathological changes were observed based on hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to detect the levels of cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-6)]. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) staining was performed to detect the apoptosis of synoviocytes in rats. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)-associated X(Bax), Bcl-2, and caspase-3 and pathway-related proteins phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K), phosphorylated(p)-PI3K, protein kinase B(Akt), and p-Akt. RT-qPCR was conducted to examine the mRNA levels of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and pathway-related proteins PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, and p-Akt. TAAE can alleviate the joint swelling in CIA rats, reduce serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, improve synovial histopathological changes, promote apoptosis of synoviocytes, and inhibit synovial inflammation. In addition, RT-qPCR and Western blot results showed that TAAE up-regulated the level of Bax, down-regulated the level of Bcl-2, and activated caspase-3 to promote apoptosis in synoviocytes. TAAE effectively down-regulated the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt. In this study, TAAE shows therapeutic effect on CIA in rats and reduces the inflammation. The mechanism is that it suppresses PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and promotes synoviocyte apoptosis. Overall, this study provides a new clue for the research on the anti-inflammatory mechanism of TAAE and lays a theoretical basis for the better clinical application of TAAE in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Rats ; Animals ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Caspase 3/genetics* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism* ; Plant Bark ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use* ; Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced* ; Inflammation/drug therapy* ; Cytokines/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Apoptosis

Objective: We investigated the impact of MYC/BCL-2 protein co-expression on the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients and observed whether double expression (DE) remains an independent poor prognostic factor in DLBCL after the addition of therapeutic factors such as DA-EPOCH-R, central prophylaxis, and transplantation. Methods: Available pathological findings were retrospectively collected from 223 DLBCL patients at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2015 to 2018. Seventy-five patients with high MYC/BCL-2 expression were categorized as the DE group. From the 148 non-DE patients, 75 DLBCL patients were selected as the control group, using a 1∶1 matching on propensity scores for age, international prognostic index score, treatment choice, and etc. The differences in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) between the two groups were compared. Results: The 3-year OS was (69.8±5.5) % for the DE group and (77.0±4.9) % for the non-DE group (P=0.225) , while the 3-year PFS was (60.7±5.8) % and (65.3±5.5) % , respectively (P=0.390) . Subgroup analysis in patients treated with the R-CHOP regimen revealed that for the DE and non-DE patients, the 3-year OS was (61.3±7.5) % and (77.2±5.6) % (P=0.027) , and the 3-year PFS was (52.1±7.5) % and (70.6±6.0) % (P=0.040) , respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age, stage of Ann Arbor, COO staging, whether central prophylaxis was performed, and whether transplantation was performed were significant independent risk factors of the prognosis of DLBCL patients (P<0.05) . On the other hand, MYC/BCL-2 protein double expression was not significantly associated with prognostic outcomes. Conclusion: MYC/BCL-2 protein double expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis under R-CHOP regimen treatment, but the poor prognostic impact of DE on DLBCL was eliminated under intensive regimens such as DA-EPOCH-R and transplantation.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Doxorubicin/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy* ; Prognosis ; Propensity Score ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; Retrospective Studies ; Rituximab/therapeutic use* ; Vincristine/therapeutic use*

In order to provide the basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing Myrrha， the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvest and processing of Myrrha were systematically researched by consulting the ancient herbal and medical books， combining with the modern related literature. According to textual research， the results showed that Commiphora myrrha was the main base in ancient times， which was produced in Somalia， Ethiopia and northern Kenya. In addition， raw and fried products of Myrrha were the commonly used specifications in ancient herbal medicine， which are still used today. Nowadays， Myrrha， fried Myrrha and vinegar-processed Myrrha were the commonly used specifications. Among the three specifications， Myrrha is the raw products after cleaning， fried Myrrha is a kind of processed products， which has relevant records in ancient materia medica and is still used today. Vinegar-processed Myrrha is a new processing specification in modern times. Based on the research results， it is suggested that Myrrha in Shentong Zhuyutang should be the purified raw Myrrha in accordance with the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

On February 2022, WHO released the evidence-based guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, with aims to guide the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem in disease-endemic countries by 2030 and promote the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission across the world. Based on the One Health concept, six evidence-based recommendations were proposed in this guideline. This article aims to analyze the feasibility of key aspects of this guideline in Chinese national schistosomiasis control program and illustrate the significance to guide the future actions for Chinese national schistosomiasis control program. Currently, the One Health concept has been embodied in the Chinese national schistosomiasis control program. Based on this new WHO guideline, the following recommendations are proposed for the national schistosomiasis control program of China: (1) improving the systematic framework building, facilitating the agreement of the cross-sectoral consensus, and building a high-level leadership group; (2) optimizing the current human and livestock treatments in the national schistosomiasis control program of China; (3) developing highly sensitive and specific diagnostics and the framework for verifying elimination of schistosomiasis; (4) accelerating the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis and other parasitic diseases through integrating the national control programs for other parasitic diseases.
China/epidemiology* ; Disease Eradication ; Humans ; Public Health ; Schistosomiasis/prevention & control* ; World Health Organization