By consulting the ancient and moderm literature， this paper makes a textual research on the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing of Olibanum， so as to provide a basis for the development of the famous classical formulas containing this medicinal material. According to the herbal textual research， the results showed that Olibanum was first described as a medicinal material by the name of Xunluxiang in Mingyi Bielu（《名医别录》）， until Ruxiang had been used as the correct name since Bencao Shiyi（《本草拾遗》） in Tang dynasty. The main origin was Boswellia carterii from Burseraceae family. The mainly producing areas in ancient description were ancient India and Arabia， while the modern producing areas are Somalia， Ethiopia and the southern Arabian Peninsula. The medicinal part of Olibanum in ancient and modern times is the resin exuded from the bark， which has been mainly harvested in spring and summer. It is concluded that the better Olibanum has light yellow， granular， translucent， no impurities such as sand and bark， sticky powder and aromatic smell. There were many processing methods in ancient times， including cleansing（water flying， removing impurities）， grinding（wine grinding， rush grinding）， frying（stir-frying， rush frying， wine frying）， degreasing， vinegar processing， decoction. In modern times， the main processing methods are simplified to cleansing， stir-frying and vinegar processing. Nowadays， the commonly used specifications include raw， fried and vinegar-processed products. Among the three specifications， raw products is the Olibanum after cleansing， fried products is a kind of Olibanum processed by frying method， vinegar-processed products is the processed products of pure frankincense mixed with vinegar. Based on the research results， it is recommended to select the resin exuded from the bark of B. carterii for the famous classical formulas such as Juanbitang containing Olibanum， processing method should be carried out in accordance with the processing requirements of the formulas， otherwise used the raw products if the formulas without clear processing requirements.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of early thyroid function changes on the efficacy of patients with Graves′ disease (GD) after 131I therapy. Methods:Data of patients with GD (59 males, 214 females; age (37.4±11.4) years) who underwent single therapy of 131I in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from November 2017 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Symptoms, signs and laboratory tests (serum free triiodothyronine (FT 3) and serum free thyroxine (FT 4)) of patients were observed to assess the efficacy of 131I treatment. Efficacy was divided into complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), non-remission (NR) or relapse. The changes of thyroid function (ΔFT 3=FT 3 before treatment-FT 3 after treatment)/FT 3 before treatment×100%; ΔFT 4=FT 4 before treatment-FT 4 after treatment)/FT 4 before treatment×100%) 1 month after 131I therapy in each efficacy group and differences among them were compared by using independent-sample t test, χ2 test, one-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference t test. ROC curves were drawn to analyze the predictive values of early thyroid function changes on the efficacy of 131I treatment for GD. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the influencing factors for the efficacy of 131I therapy. Results:CR rate and total effective rate of 273 GD patients after single therapy of 131I were 67.03%(183/273) and 92.67%(253/273), respectively. After 1 month, CR rate of euthyroidism group ( n=95) was significantly higher than that of hyperthyroidism group ( n=178; 81.05%(77/95) vs 59.55%(106/178); χ2=4.60, P=0.032). ΔFT 3 and ΔFT 4 at the first month were statistically significant and decreased sequentially in the CR group ( n=183), PR group ( n=70), NR or relapse groups ( n=20; F values: 15.40, 12.54, both P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that patients with ΔFT 3≥73.64% and (or) ΔFT 4≥59.03% had a higher probability of achieving CR, with sensitivities of 84.3% and 86.7%, and specificities of 62.6% and 62.6%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that 24 h radioactive iodine uptake (odds ratio ( OR)=1.095, 95% CI: 1.031-1.139), dose of 131I given per gram of thyroid tissue ( OR=1.562, 95% CI: 1.321-1.694), ΔFT 3 ( OR=1.354, 95% CI: 1.295-1.482), ΔFT 4 ( OR=1.498, 95% CI: 1.384-1.608) were factors affecting the outcome of patients with GD treated with 131I treatment (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Effects of 131I treatment can be predicted based on the change of the thyroid function at the first month after 131I treatment in patients with GD.

Microglia are the primary immune cells in the central nervous system.The activation is of microg-lia crucial in neurological injury and neurodegenerative diseases.In recent years,research on microglia-targeted therapies has gained increasing attention.Microglia replacement therapy has shown promising results in treating various neurological diseases.This therapy involves the forced removal of dysfunctional microglia and their replacement with fully differentiated microglia through drug or gene targeting.This article discusses the potential pathophysiological mechanisms and effective therapeutic strategies of microglia replacement therapy in neurological diseases,including Alzheimer's disease and stroke.Moreover,it serves as a reference for the in-depth study of neurobiological mechanisms and treatment of neurological dis-eases.

Objective:To analyze the clinical outcomes of initial radioactive iodine 131I therapy (RIT) for patients with familial differentiated thyroid cancer (FDTC) and sporadic differentiated thyroid cancer (SDTC), along with their influencing factors. Methods:The clinical data of 120 FDTC and 480 SDTC patients who received RIT at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2016 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients, categorized into the FDTC and SDTC groups, were further divided into three subgroups based on their response to initial RIT: no evidence of disease (NED), biochemical persistence of disease (BPD), or structural/functional persistence of disease (S/FPD). For the NED subgroup, the disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed. For the BPD and S/FPD subgroups, the progression-free survival (PFS) was investigated. Furthermore, risk factors for failure to reach the NED status were identified.Results:After initial RIT, 56 (46.7%), 50 (41.7%), 14 (11.6%) patients in the FDTC group reached the NED, BPD, and S/FPD statuses, respectively, while 284 (59.1%), 160 (33.3%), 36 (7.5%) and SDTC patients in the SDTC group were in the NED, BPD, and S/FPD statuses, respectively ( χ2 = 10.10, P = 0.013). The last follow-up revealed that 71 (59.1%), 36 (30.1%), 13 (10.8%) patients in the FDTC group were in the NED, BPD and S/FPD statuses, respectively, while 337 (70.2%), 114 (23.7%), 29 (6.1%) patients in the SDTC group reached the NED, BPD and S/FPD statuses, respectively ( χ2 = 8.99, P = 0.026). The F-NED and S-NED subgroups exhibited 5-year DFS rates of 92.4% and 97.4%, respectively, the F-BPD and S-BPD subgroups displayed 5-year PFS rates of 88.3% and 90.8%, respectively, while the F-S/FPD and S-S/FPD subgroups yielded in 5-year PFS rates of 78.2% and 79.6%, respectively. Univariate binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the maximum diameter of tumors, T stage, M stage, recurrence risk stratification, and postoperative stimulated thyroglobulin (p-sTg) were correlated with the achievement of the NED status ( χ2=6.37-13.10, P < 0.05). Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed that T stage and p-sTg were independent risk factors in the achievement of the NED status ( χ2=0.11-11.33, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The response to initial RIT assists in guiding the development of subsequent treatment and follow-up strategies for DTC patients. Given that the SDTC patients exhibited better outcomes than the FDTC patients, more alertness should be paid to the RIT for FDTC patients. For patients with higher p-sTg and T stage, the initial RIT dose and follow-up interval should be increased and reduced respectively as appropriate.

Objective To study the relationship between ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L1(UCH-L1),peroxiredox protein 1(PRDX1),and the therapeutic effect of ateplase in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods A total of 198 AIS patients admitted to the First Hospital of Jiaxing from June 2020 to June 2022 were selected as the study group,and 100 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the healthy group.The serum levels of UCH-L1 and PRDX1 were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).AIS patients were all treated with intravenous thrombolysis with ateplase.After 10 days of treatment,the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Clinical data of patients with different therapeutic effects and differences in serum UCH-L1 and PRDX1 levels were compared,and the relationship between UCH-L1,PRDX1 and the therapeutic effect of ateplase was analyzed.Results The UCH-L1 and PRDX1 of patients in the study group were higher than those in the healthy group(P<0.05).The levels of UCH-L1 and PRDX1 in severe AIS patients were higher than those in moderate and mild AIS patients(P<0.05).UCH-L1 and PRDX1 in complete anterior circulation infarction type AIS patients were higher than those in lacunar infarction,posterior circulation infarction,and partial anterior circulation infarction types(P<0.05).After treatment with ateplase,the levels of UCH-L1 and PRDX1 in AIS patients were lower than before treatment,and the worse the treatment effect of ateplase,the higher the levels of UCH-L1 and PRDX1(P<0.05).The combined prediction of UCH-L1 and PRDX1 for the efficacy of ateplase therapy in AIS patients was better than a single prediction(P<0.05).Age,severity of disease,National Institute of Health stroke scale score at admission,UCH-L1,PRDX1 are risk factors that affect the recovery of AIS patients after ateplase treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion The elevated levels of UCH-L1 and PRDX1 in the serum of AIS patients are related to the severity of the disease and stroke classification,and are risk factors affecting the efficacy of ateplase treatment in AIS patients.They can be used for early prediction of the efficacy of ateplase treatment.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of Jiakang Pingxiao prescription combined with methiimidazole on hyperthyroidism. Methods:A total of 100 patients with hyperthyroidism admitted to Shanxian Central Hospital from February 2018 to January 2021 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into a study group and a control group, with 50 patients in each group. The control group was treated with methiimidazole, and the study group was treated with Jiakang Pingxiao prescription combined with methiimidazole. Thyroid function, serum levels of osteocalcin (OCN), β-CTx, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were compared between the two groups. Results:After treatment, serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) in the study group were (3.10 ± 1.36) mU/L, (5.76 ± 1.25) pmol/L, (15.22 ± 1.95) pmol/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than (4.88 ± 1.47) mU/L, (7.13 ± 1.32) pmol/L, (19.07 ± 2.02) pmol/L in the control group ( t = 5.27, 4.71, 6.29, all P < 0.05). Serum OCN, β-CTx, hS-CRP, and IL-6 in the study group were (17.36 ± 2.62) μg/L, (0.32 ± 0.04) μg/L, (4.07 ± 0.86) mg/L, and (1.38 ± 0.21) pg/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than (26.05 ± 2.88) μg/L, (0.51 ± 0.09) μg/L, (6.23 ± 0.91) mg/L, (1.89 ± 0.28) pg/L in the control group ( t = 12.37, 10.40, 7.39, 8.57, all P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group [6.00% (3/50) vs. 12.00% (3/50), χ2 = 14.78, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Jikang Pingxiao prescription combined with methiimidazole can effectively reduce the inflammatory responses in patients with hyperthyroidism, inhibit the expression of OCN and β-CTX in the serum, and improve thyroid function. The combined method is scientific and reasonable, and is suitable for clinical application. It has good therapeutic effects on hyperthyroidism and is worthy of clinical promotion.

In order to provide the basis for the development of famous classical formulas， the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing of Eucommiae Cortex were systematically researched by consulting the ancient herbal and medical books， combining with the modern literature. According to the textual research， materia medica in the past dynasties used Eucommiae Cortex as the correct name. Combined with characteristics， origin and efficacy， Eucommiae Cortex in ancient times to the present is the dry bark of Eucommia ulmoides from family Eucommiaceae. The earliest producing areas of Eucommiae Cortex are Henan， Shanxi， Shaanxi and Sichuan. Since the Ming dynasty， the producing areas have expanded to most of the regions in the country， and Sichuan， Shaanxi， Chongqing， Guizhou and Hubei are regarded as the authentic producing areas. It has been concluded that the quality of Eucommiae Cortex is best if the bark has thick body， large block， scraped rough skin， multi silk section and dark purple internal surface. In ancient times， the processing methods of Eucommiae Cortex were mainly included removing rough bark and cutting for raw use， processing with auxiliary materials such as honey， ginger juice， salt water， wine， and so on. While in modern times， the processing methods have become increasingly simplified which are mainly cutting raw materials after cleansing and salt processing. It is need to excavate the connotation of different processed products and restore the traditional main processing methods through standards. Based on the requirement of Eucommiae Cortex in Sanbitang， it is suggested to use ginger-processed products according to the research results， which is used ginger juice as auxiliary material and processed with stir frying method according to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Objective:To analyze the metabolic mechanism of papillary thyroid cancer(PTC) in normal and Hashimoto′s thyroiditis(HT) background, and to explore the relationship between HT and PTC.Methods:This study included a matched sample set collected from Tianjin Medical University General Hospital between January 2018 and January 2019, consisting of PTC and paracancular tissue from 31 cases with coexisting HT(HT group), and 30 cases without(NC group), all confirmed pathologically following thyroidectomy. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with mixed four-stage poles time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was employed to acquire data from the samples. Metabolite differences between the two groups were compared, aiming to identify distinct metabolic mechanisms of PTC under different backgrounds. Metabolic pathway analysis was conducted using Metabo-Analyst 5.0 to explore relevant metabolic pathways.Results:The HT group and NC group shared 7 common differentially expressed metabolites, including arginine, glutamic acid, cysteine, citric acid, malic acid, uracil, and taurine. Logistic regression model combined with receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis of these 7 biomarkers yielded excellent discriminatory capacity for PTC(area under ROC curve of HT group and NC group were 0.867 and 0.973, respectively). The common metabolic pathways were taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and glutamine and glutamic acid metabolism. The specific metabolic pathways in HT group were aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism.Conclusion:The metabolic profiles of thyroid cancer exhibit significant differences between cases with normal backgrounds and those with HT. The specific pathways for PTC and HT are aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis and the metabolism of glycine, serine, and threonine.

Objective:To analyze the short-term effect of targeted drugs on quality of life in patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC).Methods:From February 2020 to April 2022, 19 RAIR-DTC patients (10 males, 9 females; age (54.5±14.5) years) who received targeted drugs therapy (sorafenib, lenvatinib or anlotinib) in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were prospectively enrolled. The thyroglobulin (Tg) levels prior and 1, 3, 6 months post the targeted treatment, and the adverse events were measured and recorded. Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) 1.1 version was used to evaluate the treatment response. The quality of life based on five-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) was monitored prior and 3 months post the targeted treatment, and the prevalence rates of mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression were analyzed, and the scores of health assessment were assessed. Paired t test, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and χ2 test were used to analyze data. Results:The prevalence rates of mobility (8/19), self-care (6/19), usual activities (10/19), pain/discomfort (10/19), and anxiety/depression (12/19) in 3 months post treatment were higher than those prior treatment (1/19, 1/19, 1/19, 2/19, 2/19; χ2 values: 4.38-11.31, all P<0.05). The score of health assessment prior treatment was (84.37±6.25), which was higher than that at 3 months post treatment (71.63±9.14; t=5.02, P=0.001). After targeted treatment, 10 patients were with skin toxicity, 8 patients were with hypertension, 8 patients were with weight loss, 7 patients were with diarrhea, 6 patients were with fatigue, 5 patients were with hepatic dysfunction, 2 patients were with proteinuria, 2 patients were with muscle pain and 1 patient was with oral ulcer. Of 19 patients, 17 insisted on continuing treatment, and the other two stopped treatment. The Tg levels at 1, 3 and 6 months post treatment were 56.26(44.60, 210.50), 53.36(41.25, 203.07) and 54.35(34.71, 223.52) mg/L, respectively, which were lower than the level prior treatment with no significant difference (110.16(49.63, 294.50) mg/L; H=2.42, P=0.490). After 3 months of targeted treatment, the progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 16/17, including 7 patients with partial response (PR), 9 patients with stable disease (SD), and 1 patient with progression of disease (PD). After 6 months of targeted treatment, the PFS rate was 10/17, including 5 patients with PR, 5 patients with SD, and 7 patients with PD. Conclusion:After 3-6 months of targeted treatment, the tumor markers of most patients are decreased with metastases improved, but the adverse events of targeted drugs have a great impact on quality of life in patients with RAIR-DTC.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic factors of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with positive thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and varying ages after operation and 131I treatment. To explore the value of TgAb level and its change in the prognosis of DTC patients. Methods:Clinical data of 131 TgAb positive DTC patients were retrospectively analyzed. According to age, they were divided into young group(age<55 years, n=95) and elder group (age≥55 years, n=36). According to response, it was divided into excellent response group (110 cases) and non-excellent response group (21 cases). χ2 test and t test were used to compare the clinicopathological features between excellent response group and non-excellent response group. By logistic regression analysis, the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the TgAb value of persistent or recurrent DTC, and the Kaplan-Meier regression curve was used to analyze the time of TgAb becoming negative. P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results:In young patients, the higher serum TgAb level before 131I treatment and the lateral lymph node metastasis were the independent influencing factors of poor prognosis [ OR=0.89(95% CI 0.83-0.95), OR=0.15(95% CI 0.05-0.52); both P<0.05]. In elder group, extraglandular invasion and higher serum TgAb before 131I treatment were associated with poorer prognosis [ OR=0.05(95% CI 0-0.83), OR=0.91(95% CI 0.76-1.13); P<0.05]. The serum TgAb thresholds for predicting DTC persistence/recurrence were 315.5 IU/mL(246.0 IU/mL in the young group and 516.5 IU/mL in the elder group). The mean time TgAb sera turned negative was (26.37±2.22) months [(23.28±2.37) months for young group and (32.64±4.07) months for elder group]. The TgAb decreased >50% in one year of the patients who had a lower probability of disease persistence/recurrence than the group without ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The high level of serum TgAb before 131I treatment and lateral lymph node metastasis were independent factors of poor prognosis in young patients, while in elder patients, extraglandular tumor invasion and the high level of serum TgAb before 131I treatment were independent factors of poor prognosis. The rate of TgAb change one year after treatment may be used as an early marker for predicting the disease status of TgAb positive patients.