To analyze the disease burden, temporal trends, and attributable risk factors of early-onset female breast cancer (EOBC) in China and globally from 1990 to 2021.

Objective:To explore the effects of phased goal directed fluid therapy (GDFT) during anesthesia surgery on tissue perfusion and cognitive function in patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery.Methods:A total of 108 lung cancer patients were prospectively selected and randomly divided into a control group and a study group using a random number table method. The control group received classical restrictive liquid therapy, while the study group received staged GDFT. We compared the surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, colloid fluid dosage, crystalloid fluid dosage, total output, and urine volume between two groups of patients; Two groups of patients were compared in terms of oxygenation index (OI), respiratory index (RI), central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO 2), lactate (Lac), central venous arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure difference (Pcv-aCO 2), oxygen supply index (DO 2I), and oxygen uptake rate (O 2ERe) before anesthesia induction (T 0), before single lung ventilation (T 1), 1 hour of single lung ventilation (T 2), immediate resumption of dual lung ventilation (T 3), 30 minutes of dual lung ventilation (T 4), and after surgery (T 5); The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate the cognitive function scores of two groups of patients 1 day before surgery and 1 and 3 days after surgery, while recording the incidence of cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and pulmonary complications (including pulmonary infection, acute lung injury, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema, atelectasis, etc.) within 3 days after surgery. Results:The amount of crystal fluid and urine output in the research group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while the amount of colloidal fluid was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05). The OI of the study group T 1-T 5 was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the RI of T 2-T 5 was significantly lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05). The ScvO 2 of the study group T 1 to T 5 was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the Lac was significantly lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05); The MMSE scores of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before surgery on day 1 and 3 after surgery, and the MMSE scores of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group on day 1 and 3 after surgery (all P<0.05). The incidence of POCD within 3 days after surgery in the study group was 16.67%(9/54), lower than 37.04%(20/54) in the control group (χ 2=5.704, P=0.017); The incidence of pulmonary complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group (5.56% vs 22.22%, χ 2=4.955, P=0.026). Conclusions:The application of staged GDFT during anesthesia in patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery can further improve tissue perfusion, improve microcirculation and oxygen supply-demand balance of systemic organs and tissues, including the brain, alleviate perioperative brain function damage, and reduce the occurrence of postoperative POCD compared to conventional liquid therapy.

OBJECTIVES: With the increasing detection rate of lung nodules, the qualitative problem of lung nodules has become one of the key clinical issues. This study aims to evaluate the value of combining dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI based on time-resolved imaging with interleaved stochastic trajectories-volume interpolated breath hold examination (TWIST-VIBE) with T₁ weighted free-breathing star-volumetric interpolated breath hold examination (T₁WI star-VIBE) in identifying benign and malignant lung nodules. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 79 adults with undetermined lung nodules before the operation. All nodules of patients included were classified into malignant nodules (n=58) and benign nodules (n=26) based on final diagnosis. The unenhanced T₁WI-VIBE, the contrast-enhanced T₁WI star-VIBE, and the DCE curve based on TWIST-VIBE were performed. The corresponding qualitative [wash-in time, wash-out time, time to peak (TTP), arrival time (AT), positive enhancement integral (PEI)] and quantitative parameters [volume transfer constant (Ktrans), interstitium-to-plasma rate constant (Kep), and fractional extracellular space volume (Ve)] were evaluated. Besides, the diagnostic efficacy (sensitivity and specificity) of enhanced CT and MRI were compared. RESULTS: There were significant differences in unenhanced T₁WI-VIBE hypo-intensity, and type of A, B, C DCE curve type between benign and malignant lung nodules (all P<0.001). Pulmonary malignant nodules had a shorter wash-out time than benign nodules (P=0.001), and the differences of the remaining parameters were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). After T₁WI star-VIBE contrast-enhanced MRI, the image quality was further improved. Compared with enhanced CT scan, the sensitivity (82.76% vs 80.50%) and the specificity (69.23% vs 57.10%) based on MRI were higher than that of CT (both P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS T₁WI star-VIBE and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI based on TWIST-VIBE were helpful to improve the image resolution and provide more information for clinical differentiation between benign and malignant lung nodules.
Adult ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Plasma ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Lung

Breast milk is the optimal source of nutrition for newborns, and it can bring them important nutritional and neurodevelopmental benefits. Studies have shown bidirectional interactions between the brain and gut flora, which started during the embryonic period. Breastfeeding may play a positive role in neonatal neurodevelopment through gut flora. We outline the effects of breast milk on the neurodevelopment of newborns from the perspective of brain-gut axis to better understanding the benefits of breastfeeding.

Objective:By demonstrating the performance, experience and practical value of the original " science and technology evaluation" of Fuwai Hospital, it is expected to build the brand of " Fuwai innovative service for science and technology evaluation" and provide a wider social service.Methods:The four-in-one " science and technology evaluation and service system" , which is composed of " standardized local data-base" , " Fuwai Spider Net Map and Spider Track Map evaluation method" , " hierarchy three-level index system" , and " intellectual science and technology evaluation and service system" , is established for efficient evaluation of science and technology.Results:The " science and technology evaluation and service system" has run with benefit in Fuwai Hospital for years.With the multi-factor evaluating feature, it solves the drawbacks of traditional evaluating system, thus improving accuracy of evaluation and helping implementation of national policies.If the system is extended to other hospitals, it would advocate the feature and strength of Fuwai science and technology evaluation system as well as provide pluralistic reference and advice for decision-making departments.Conclusions:Science and technology evaluation is such a systemic work, with all issues of different levels along the whole evaluating process to be considered.Drawbacks exist in the traditional method which depends on a single final score.By the practice of Fuwai Hospital, the innovative " four in one" evaluation system has been validated to be more scientific.

Objective:To investigate the status of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) health literacy and associated factors in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods:Based on the multi-stage stratified sampling method, the questionnaire survey of health literacy of COVID-19 were carried out in 55 599 local residents from12 prefecture-level cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region between March 10 and 15, 2020. The questionnaire in details included not only knowledge, attitude and behavior, but also mental health, their scores were calculated using Decimal method. A ≥80% of the correct answer rate of the survey content was regarded as qualified for health literacy. There were 51 722 (93.0%) valid questionnaires, according to the ratio of medical staff to non-medical staff, 32 529 questionnaires were selected for analysis. The health literacy level was defined according to the proportion of qualified people.The credibility and availability of the questionnaires were evaluated by Cronbach′s α coefficient and KMO test. The associated factors were analyzed by Pearson χ 2 test and logistic regression. Results:In Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the whole level of health literacy of COVID-19 was 85.7%, and their scores were (26.30±2.48). Knowledge, attitude, and behavioral literacy levels were 61.6%, 95.6%, and 96.8%, respectively. Compared with the population of 15-25 years old, the health literacy level of 46-65 years old was the highest ( OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.78-2.24). The health literacy level of medical staff group ( OR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.30-4.95) was far higher than the non-medical staff group; the population with college or above education level ( OR=10.22, 95% CI: 9.19-11.36) was significantly higher than the population with education level below college. The degree of anxiety was negatively correlated with education level. Conclusions:The health literacy level of COVID-19 in residents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively high, but the level of knowledge literacy needs to be improved. The main factors affecting the health literacy of COVID-19 among Inner Mongolia residents are age, occupation and education level.

Histone acetylation is a critical process in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) remove the acetyl group, leading to chromatin condensation and transcriptional repression. HDAC inhibitors are considered a new class of anticancer agents and have been shown to alter gene transcription and exert antitumor effects. This paper describes our work on the structural determination and structure-activity relationship (SAR) optimization of tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds as HDAC inhibitors. These compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit HDAC 1, 3, 6 and for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of a panel of cancer cell lines. Among these, compound 82 showed the greatest inhibitory activity toward HDAC 1, 3, 6 and strongly inhibited growth of the cancer cell lines, with results clearly superior to those of the reference compound, vorinostat (SAHA). Compound 82 increased the acetylation of histones H3, H4 and tubulin in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that it is a broad inhibitor of HDACs.

Aim To investigate the anti-tumor effects of FS-108 an Hsp90 inhibitor, on oncogene addicted EBC-1 and A375 cells. Methods SRB assay was performed to investigate cell proliferation. Immunoblot was conducted to investigate the specific proteins. FACS was conducted to test cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Transwell assay was conducted to investigate cell motility. Results FS-108 significantly suppressed cell proliferation of EBC-1 and A375 cancer cells with IC50 at 25. 53 nmol · L-1 and 30. 02 nmol · L-1 re-spectively. FS-108 treatment triggered the degradation of key client proteins such as c-Met and B-Raf and thereby reduced their downstream AKT and ERK signa-ling pathways. The FACS analysis results demonstrated that FS-108 treatment induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis significantly. Furthermore, FS-108 inhibited the migration of EBC-1 and A375 cells. Conclusion As a potent Hsp90 inhibitor, FS-108 can inhibit onco-gene addicted cancer cells proliferation through induc-tion of G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis.

Objective To identify common allergens in patients with eczema or dermatitis by using serum IgE tests, and to explore their clinical significance. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on eczema or dermatitis patients with at least one positive serum IgE test result from 10 hospitals in China. Results Totally, 458 patients were included in this study with an average age of 28.13 ± 23.11 years. Of these patients, 209 (45.63%)were male, and 249 (54.37%)were female. The top three allergens were cockroaches(180/458, 39.30%), dust mite mix(152/458, 33.19%) and peanuts (116/458, 25.33%). Polysensitization (sensitization to more than one allergen)was observed in 89.66%(26/29)of patients with atopic dermatitis and 86.84%(33/38)of patients with facial eczema. Moreover, the rate of polysensitization was significantly higher in patients with generalized lesions than in those with circumscribed lesions (80%(88/110)vs. 70.40%(245/348),χ2=3.880, P=0.049). The positive rate of specific IgE against inhaled allergens was highest in the age group of 11-20 years(39/43, 90.70%), while the specific IgE against milk(26.53%, 26/98)and beef (19.39%, 19/98)was mainly observed in children aged less than 3 years. In addition, patients in northern areas showed increased positive rates of specific IgE to mugwort (10.35% vs. 1.61%,χ2= 4.917, P< 0.05), cockroaches (42.42%vs. 19.35%,χ2=11.959, P<0.05), milk (14.39%vs. 3.23%,χ2=5.958, P<0.05), soybeans (13.89%vs. 3.23%,χ2=5.594, P<0.05), beef(11.36%vs. 1.61%,χ2=5.641, P<0.05)and fresh-water fish(13.38%vs. 3.23%,χ2 = 5.235, P< 0.05)compared with those in southern areas. Conclusions Cockroaches are a common allergen in patients with eczema or dermatitis, and their clinical significance is worthy of further study. Polysensitization seems to be more frequent in patients with facial eczema or atopic dermatitis. Age is an important factor influencing allergen sensitization, and there is a regional difference in the distribution of common allergens.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 0.1% tacrolimus ointment and 0.1% mometasone furoate cream in the treatment of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD). Methods Forty male patients with CAD were recruited and divided into two groups randomly.Twenty cases were treated with 0.1%tacrolimus ointment (Group A), and the other 20 cases were treated with 0.1% mometasone furoate cream (Group B) . The medications mentioned were applied topically to the lesions on the face twice a day and mizolastine tablet 10 mg per day given orally for 4 weeks. The therapeutic efficacy and side effects of medications were observed. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL12 in CAD patients before and after treatment with topical tacrolimus ointment and mometasone furoate cream. Results (1) Both groups had overall response rates of 100%, with no statistically significant difference ( > 0.05) . (2) Serum levels of IFN-γ,IL-2 and IL-12 were down-regulated after treatment in both treatment groups respectively ( < 0.01) . No statistically significant difference was found between the two treatment groups ( > 0.05) . Conclusion 0.1%tacrolimus ointment is effective in the treatment of CAD. Its therapeutic efficacy is equivalent to that of 0.1%mometasone furoate cream. It can be used as a possible steroid sparing equivalent.