To investigate the efficacy of amiodarone and lidocaine in cardiac arrest patients.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a malignant hematologic tumor, which is currently difficult to cure. The theory of Xuanfu was proposed by Liu Wansu, which is unique in the clinical evidence of Chinese medicine and is less frequently applied to hematological diseases. The application of Xuanfu theory in myelodysplastic syndrome provides new ideas for the treatment of the disease. The abnormal flow of Qi, blood and fluids caused by the occlusion of the Xuanfu is the cause of toxic stasis obstruction, which is the pathogenesis of toxic stasis obstruction. Thus, the method of dispersion of Bone from Xuanfu, the external treatment of Xuanfu, and regulation of liver qi and Xuanfu help to return to normal of opening and closing function of Xuanfu, and release toxic stasis. In this paper, we analyzed the evidence of toxin-stasis obstruction in myelodysplastic syndrome from the theory of Xuanfu, aiming to provide a feasible theoretical basis for clinical treatment of the disease.

Objective:To investigate the effect of microwave on human adenovirus type 2 (HAdV-2) capsid protein in simulated infectious wastes.Methods:Droplets of HAdV-2 virus suspension were added to medical disposable gloves to simulate infectious waste, irradiated under different microwave conditions, the temperature change was recorded, and the irradiated viral supernatant was treated with Dnase I and detected by PCR and qPCR to determine the effect of microwave on the integrity of the viral capsid. ELISA was used to detect the effect of microwave irradiation on the structure of viral hexon protein. The virus was treated alone at the highest temperature during microwave irradiation to investigate whether there were non-thermal effects during microwave disinfection.Results:The maximum temperature during microwave irradiation was 76 ℃, and the PCR and qPCR result showed that Dnase I could significantly damage the viral nucleic acid after microwave irradiation, while the virus control group and heat treatment group were not significantly affected, indicating that microwave irradiation could destroy the integrity of the viral capsid. The result of ELISA showed that microwave irradiation could significantly weaken the binding ability of Hexon protein and antibody, and the result of heat treatment group were similar.Conclusions:Microwave irradiation can destroy the integrity of the HAdV-2 capsid and the structure of Hexon protein, in which the damage to the integrity of the capsid is mainly due to non-thermal effects, and the structural changes of hexon protein are mainly due to thermal effects.

Objective:A recombinant adenoviral vector vaccine based on non-replicating human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5), encoding the conserved domain of respiratory syncytial virus G protein (RSV-G) was constructed. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this vaccine were subsequently evaluated in mice.Methods:The recombinant Ad5 vector plasmid (Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc) was constructed by inserted conserved domains of RSV A and RSV B. The recombinant adenovirus Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc was rescued in HEK293A cells. The genome of virus Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc was identified by multi-enzyme digestion, and the expression of Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc was verified by Western blot. Recombinant adenovirus was used to immunize BALB/c mice via intramuscular injection with signal dose, and then challenged with RSV Long strain at week 6. The levels of G specific IgG and antibody subtypes in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the level of neutralizing antibodies was determined by micro-neutralization assay. After challenge, the mice′s weight was recorded daily, the copies of RSV virus in the lung and nasal tissues were detected. Pathological changes in lung tissue were also examined.Results:Western blot and multi-enzyme digestion identification confirmed the successful rescue of the recombinant adenovirus. Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc elicit high titers of specific IgG, robust neutralizing antibodies, and a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response in mice. In comparison to unimmunized controls, mice immunized with Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc reduced the viral copies in both lung and nasal tissue, and exhibited only minimal pathological damage of lung tissue following RSV challenge. In conclusion, Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc induced robust immunogenicity and offers protective effects against RSV infection in murine models.Conclusions:Ad5-Gbcc-Gacc induce robust immunogenicity and can protect mice from RSV challenge, which lays a foundation for further development of RSV vaccine based on G protein.

The article summarized professor SUN Weizheng's clinical experience in treating multiple myeloma using the clearing-releasing therapy. It is believed that the mechanism of multiple myeloma is kidney essence insufficiency， pathogenic toxin erosion， and blinding of phlegm and stasis. The treatment should consider both the deficiency and the excess， and the root and branch. Thus， the clearing-releasing therapy is proposed. “Clearing” refers to the approach of supplementing deficiency and reinforcing health while advocating the use of clearing and supplementing products to replenish without generating additional pathogenic factors. Additionally， products that clear heat， resolve toxins， dispel stasis， dissolve phlegm， and eliminate masses is suggested to benefit for clearing away pathogenic toxins. “Releasing” means to replenish the normal yang qi with sweet-warm and acrid-warm products on the basis of “clearing” method， and to release the cold pathogen constraint in the muscles and bones. Based on the principle of clearing and releasing， the selfmade Jishi Beverage （济世饮） is formulated to supplement the kidney and secure essence， dispel phlegm and dissolve stasis， resolve toxins and dissipate masses. The prescription can be modified according to syndrome differentiation. It is also advocated to use multiple methods and pay attention to external therapies such as enema for relieving constipation and draining heat， and to combine acupuncture and medicine to relieve pain.

Objective:To explore the protective effect and safety of RotaTeq vaccine on children with rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in high mortality areas in the world and guide the correct use of RotaTeq vaccine.Methods:The literature on RotaTeq vaccine in high mortality areas in the world published from February 2006 to December 2021 was searched, screened and sorted out according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria, and the data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3, Stata 14.0 and SPSS 26.0 softwares.Results:A total of 5 reports were enrolled, including 63 974 subjects, including 32 092 subjects in the vaccine group and 31 882 subjects in the placebo group. In high mortality areas, the protection rates of RotaTeq vaccine against RVGE, severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (SRVGE) and very severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (VSRVGE) were VE RVGE=35% (95% CI: 28%-41%), VE SRVGE=51% (95% CI: 33%-65%) and VE VSRVGE=64% (95% CI: 41%-78%). The protection rates of SRVGE in Asia and Africa are VE SRVGE=43% (95% CI: 28%-55%) and VE SRVGE=57% (95% CI: 17%-77%), respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidences of serious adverse events (SAEs) between RotaTeq vaccine group and placebo group ( χ2=2.05, P=0.152). Conclusions:RotaTeq vaccine has a certain protective effect on severe and above RVGE with good safety in high mortality areas in the world.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of G2P[4] group A rotavirus (RVA) in hospitalized children with diarrhea in China from 2016 to 2019, and to provide data support for the prevention and control of G2P[4] RVA.Methods:The data of viral diarrhea surveillance network in China from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected. A total of 19 667 specimens of hospitalized children with diarrhea under 5 years old were collected from all monitoring provinces, including 5 437 RVA positive specimens. EpiData 3.0 software and Excel 2010 were used for data collection and collation of viral diarrhea monitoring network, and SPSS 26.0 software was used for data analysis.Results:200 G2P[4] RVA specimens were detected from 5 437 RVA positive specimens, and the constituent rate of G2P[4] RVA was 3.68% (200/5 437) There is a statistically significant difference in the constituent ratio of G2P [4] RVA among RVA positive children in different years ( χ2=38.35, P<0.001), months ( χ2=62.69, P<0.001), and ages ( χ2=9.53, P=0.049). There is a statistically significant difference in the constituent ratio of G2P [4] RVA between rural and urban RVA positive children ( χ2=4.01, P=0.045). Compared with non-G2P[4] RVA hospitalized children, G2P[4] RVA hospitalized children had less proportion of respiratory tract infection ( χ2=6.07, P=0.014), G2P[4] RVA hospitalized children had higher proportion of fever ( χ2=6.68, P=0.010), there was no significant differences in diarrhea ( χ2=0.88, P=0.643), vomiting ( χ2=0.23, P=0.629), extraintestinal neurological symptoms ( χ2=0.18, P=0.668), and no significant difference in rash, sepsis and other complications ( χ2=0.45, P=0.504). Conclusions:The epidemic trend of G2P[4] RVA in China gradually decreased from 2016 to 2019, and the autumn and winter were G2P[4] RVA seasonal peaks. And the peak age was 24-36 months. There were a higher infection risk in rural areas, and fever was more than other genotypes.

Objective:To investigate the sequence characteristics and evolutionary pattern of a strain of G1P[8] genotype group A rotvirus (RVA) SC18511073 in China and to determine the differences between SC18511073 and the antigenic epitopes of RotaTeq? and Rotarix? vaccines.Methods:RT-PCR amplification of 11 segments of SC18511073 was performed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the typing was conducted by online RVA automatic typing tool. DNAstar5.1 and Mega11.0 software were used to analyze the homology and genetic evolution of the 11 segments.Results:The genotype constellation of SC18511073 is G1P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E2-H1, and NSP4 is the E2 genotype. The VP7 and NSP3 segments of SC18511073 had high homology with the 2018 Sichuan epidemic G1P[8]-E1 strain, and the phylogenetic tree showed that they were located in the same branch. The remaining nine gene segments all had high homology with the G9P[8]-E2 type prevalent in China and were attributed to the same evolutionary branch. SC18511073 differs from RotaTeq? and Rotarix? by a total of 5 amino acid sites on 7-1a and 7-2 of VP7, and differences in the 8-1 and 8-3 regions of VP8 * antigen epitopes. Conclusions:The 2018 RVA strain SC18511073 in China is a rare G1P[8]-E2 type, which is a new strain generated by re-assortment of VP7 and NSP3 segments during the co-infection process of G1P[8]-E1 and G9P[8]-E2 RVA strains. SC18511073 has amino acid site changes in antigenic epitopes on VP7 and VP4 with RotaTeq? and Rotarix?.

Objective:To study the inactivation effects of microwave on human adenovirus 2 (HAdV-2) in simulated infectied wastes, and to explore its molecular mechanism.Methods:25 μl of HAdV-2 virus suspension was dripped with medical disposable gloves, masks and cotton swabs to simulate infectied wastes, and irradiated under different microwave conditions: gloves and masks were irradiated for 30 s, 60 s, and 90 s at 300 W, 500 W, and 700 W, respectively. Cotton swabs irradiate 60 s, 90 s, 120 s at 500 W and 700 W respectively. Temperature changes were recorded, and the inactivation logarithmic values were calculated by the 50% endpoint method to evaluate the microwave inactivation effects, and the proliferation ability of the virus was detected by qPCR. The damage of Penton, Fiber, Hexon and E2 B genes was detected by PCR. The virus was treated with the highest temperature of 76 ℃ during microwave irradiation to study whether there was non-thermal effect during microwave disinfection. Results:After microwave irradiation of infectied waste, the temperature of masks and gloves carriers rises rapidly, with the highest temperature of 76 ℃. The temperature of the cotton swab carriers rose slowly, and the highest temperature is 65 ℃. The inactivation effect of microwave on HAdV-2 was positively correlated with microwave power and irradiation time. In the mask and glove group, microwave power of 700 W irradiated for 60 seconds, and the inactivation logarithm value could reach 3.0, In the cotton swab group, microwave power of 700 W irradiated for 120 seconds, and the inactivation logarithm value was still less than 3.0. This indicated that there were differences in the conditions for microwave inactivation of the virus in different carriers. The qPCR result showed that microwave irradiation could weak the proliferation ability of the virus. Microwave irradiation had no effect on the virus's Penton and Fiber genes, but caused some damage to the Hexon and E2 B genes. The inactivation effect of individual heat treatment on HAdV-2 was weaker than that of microwave irradiation, and there was no damage to the Hexon, Penton, Fiber, and E2 B genes. This indicated the presence of non thermal effects during the microwave inactivation process. Conclusions:Microwave irradiation can inactivate HAdV-2 in simulated infectied wastes through thermal and non-thermal effects, and its damage to viral DNA is one of the mechanisms of virus inactivation.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of group A rotavirus (RVA) infection in hospitalized children under 5 years of age with diarrhea in 2019, and to provide reference for the surveillance of RVA.Methods:Stool samples and clinical information of hospitalized children under 5 years of age with diarrhea were collected from sentinel hospitals in 20 provinces in 2019. RVA nucleic acid detection and genotyping were performed according to the rotavirus detection method in the National Viral Diarrhea Surveillance Program.Results:A total of 5 395 viral diarrhea samples were collected, 5 038 were tested, and 1 247 diarrhea samples showed RVA positive results (1 247/5 038, 24.75%). The positive rate of RVA in Fujian province was the lowest (30/319, 9.40%), and the positive rate of RVA was the highest in Henan province (182/338, 53.85%). The positive rate of RVA in male and female children was 25.24%(762/3 019)and 24.02%(485/ 2 019), respectively. There was no significant gender distribution of RVA infection ( χ2 = 0.96, P=0.326). Children aged 12 to 17 months were mainly susceptible to RVA (342/1 033, 33.11%), and the positive rate of RVA in children aged 48 to 59 months was lower (35/227, 15.42%). RVA infection showed significant age distribution characteristics ( χ2 = 86.78, P<0.001). RVA infection had significant difference between urban and rural areas ( χ2 = 20.92, P<0.001) and seasonal characteristics ( χ2 =411.42, P<0.001). RVA genotyping showed that G9P[8] type (994/1 122, 88.59%) was the dominant epidemic strain. Conclusions:In 2019, the main genotype of RVA infection in hospitalized children under 5 years of age with diarrhea was G9P[8], and RVA infection had significant age, region and season characteristics.