Objective To investigate disease characteristics and hospitalization costs of children with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)admitted to Shanghai municipal medical hospitals from 2019 to 2023.Methods Depending on the Shanghai Municipal Hospital Pediatric Alliance,we retrospectively investigated community acquired MPP pediatric patients hospitalized in 22 municipal hospitals with pediatric qualifications(including 4 children's hospitals)in Shanghai from Jan 2019 to Dec 2023.We collected the patients'diagnosis codes,gender,age,length of hospital stay,hospitalization costs,and whether they progressed to severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(SMPP).Results From 2019 to 2023,a total of 29 045 hospitalized children with MPP were treated,with 6 035 cases(20.8%)identified as SMPP in the 22 hospitals.Trend analysis revealed a rising trend with years in the proportion of SMPP patients(χ2trend=365.498,P<0.001).Among the 4 children's hospitals,there were 18 710 cases with MPP,including 4 078 cases(21.8%)of SMPP.The proportion of SMPP patients also showed an increasing trend with years(χ2trend=14.548,P<0.001),and the proportion in 2023(23.0%)was higher than that in previous years with statistical significance.There were statistical differences in the seasonal distribution of MPP cases between different years,with higher proportions in summer and autumn overall.The age distribution of hospitalized MPP children varied among different years,with school-age children accounting for the majority(56.8%)in 2023.There was no difference in the distribution of severe cases between different genders,but there were differences in the proportion of severe cases among different age groups in different years,with a gradual increase in severe cases among children aged 1 to 3 years(χ2trend=191.567,P<0.001).The average length of hospital stay for MPP during the epidemic was higher than that during non-epidemic periods,and there were statistically significant differences in the average length of hospital stay between different years(P<0.001).The individual hospitalization costs during the epidemic were higher than in other years,and there were statistically significant differences in individual hospitalization costs between different years(P<0.001).The total hospitalization costs were still higher in 2019 and 2023.The individual hospitalization costs for SMPP were higher than for non-SMPP cases.Conclusion MPP outbreaks occurred in Shanghai in 2019 and 2023,with the higher proportions in summer and autumn overall.Compared to previous years,the number of hospitalized MPP children in Shanghai was higher in 2023,with a higher proportion of SMPP cases,especially among children under 3 years old.The individual per capita hospitalization expenses for SMPP cases were higher than for non-SMPP cases.

Objective:To explore the correlation of early urinary continence(UC)after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(LRP)with relevant preoperative MRI parameters of the urinary tract structure and provide some theoretical evidence for screening the high-risk population with postoperative urinary incontinence.Methods:This study included 49 PCa patients aged 50-78 years trea-ted by LRP in Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2015 to February 2021,and all followed up for 12 months.We collected the com-plete baseline data on the patients,the clinical data possibly related to early postoperative UC,the MRI anatomical parameters associat-ed with UC,and the data on the recovery of early postoperative UC.We recorded the number of urinary pads used,submitted the data obtained to SPSS 23.0 statistical analysis,and identified the possible relevant factors by univariate correlation analysis,followed by R40.3 or SPSS 23.0 multivariate logistic regression analysis of the included factors and the results of UC.Results:MRI images mani-fested that the prostate anteroposterior diameter averaged(4.0±1.11)cm,the transverse diameter(4.6±0.83)cm,the cephalo-caudal diameter 2.4-6.4 cm,the membranous urethral length(MUL)(13.16±3.52)mm,and the thickness of the urethral rhab-dosphincter(URS)1.08-4.37 mm.Multivariate analysis showed that age was significantly correlated with the recovery of UC at 1 month after LRP(P=0.035,OR=0.16),and so was the URS thickness at 3 months(P=0.011,OR=0.02),9 months(P=0.014,OR=0.039)and 12 months(P=0.014,OR=0.039).Urinary incontinence with the URS thickness ≤1.6 mm at 12 months after operation was found of a high severity(P=0.010,OR[95％CI]=0.858-6.240).The MUL was positively correla-ted with the recovery of UC at 9 months(P=0.024,OR=0.508)and 12 months(P=0.024,OR=0.508)postoperatively.Correlation analysis revealed that the prostate volume,prostate diameter and other factors included in this study were not significantly correlated to postoperative UC.Conclusion:The thickness of the URS is positively correlated with the recovery of early UC,the thinner the URS,the severer the UC,and so is MUL.Age is an independent risk factor for the recovery of UC at 1 month after LRP.These findings need to be further verified by more prospective studies with long-term follow-ups.

Objective:To identify the key genes involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer(PCa)and those associated with the prognosis of the malignancy.Methods:We obtained the single-cell sequencing data on 4 cases of PCa from the GSE156632 database.Using R language and the Seurat package,we performed cell clustering and annotation,selected the subpop-ulations of epithelial cells for differential analysis after quality control and cell type identification,and conducted enrichment analysis of the identified differential genes using the Hiplot website.Then we downloaded the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)loci corre-sponding to the expression quantitative trait loci(eQTL)of these genes from the UK Biobank(UKB)database,and the clinical data and corresponding gene expression data on PCa patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO),followed by univariate COX regression analysis of the impact of the genes on the prognosis of the patients after Mendelian ran-domization.Results:A total of 1 566 genes were identified and subjected to enrichment analysis,which indicated that the differenti-al genes might be enriched in the Ras,apoptosis and oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathways.Subsequent Mendelian randomiza-tion revealed 74 potential causal genes among the 1 566 genes,and univariate COX regression analysis of the 74 genes identified 4 pos-sibly related genes FAM3B,JUNB,TMEM59,and KRT5.Comparison of the results of Mendelian randomization and univariate COX regression showed that KRT5 might be the most important gene influencing PCa.Conclusion:FAM3B,JUNB,TMEM59 and KRT5 may play a role in the progression of PCa,and KRT5 may potentially serve as a prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for the malig-nancy.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology and hospitalization costs of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Shanghai. Methods: A retrospective case summary was conducted on 63 614 hospitalized children with CAP in 59 public hospitals in Shanghai from January 2018 to December 2020. These children's medical records, including their basic information, diagnosis, procedures, and costs, were extracted. According to the medical institutions they were admitted, the patients were divided into the children's hospital group, the tertiary general hospital group and the secondary hospital group; according to the age, they were divided into <1 year old group, 1-<3 years old group, 3-<6 years old group, 6-<12 years old group and 12-18 years old group; according to the CAP severity, they were divided into severe pneumonia group and non-severe pneumonia group; according to whether an operation was conducted, the patients were divided into the operation group and the non-operation group. The epidemiological characteristics and hospitalization costs were compared among the groups. The χ² test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for the comparisons between two groups as appropriate, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was conducted for comparisons among multiple groups. Results: A total of 63 614 hospitalized children with CAP were enrolled, including 34 243 males and 29 371 females. Their visiting age was 4 (2, 6) years. The length of stay was 6 (5, 8) days. There were 17 974 cases(28.3%) in the secondary hospital group, 35 331 cases (55.5%) in the tertiary general hospital group and 10 309 cases (16.2%) in the children's hospital group. Compared with the hospitalizations cases in 2018 (27 943), the cases in 2019 (29 009) increased by 3.8% (1 066/27 943), while sharply declined by 76.2% (21 281/27 943) in 2020 (6 662). There were significant differences in the proportion of patients from other provinces and severe pneumonia cases, and the hospitalization costs among the children's hospital, secondary hospital and tertiary general hospital (7 146 cases(69.3%) vs. 2 202 cases (12.3%) vs. 9 598 cases (27.2%), 6 929 cases (67.2%) vs. 2 270 cases (12.6%) vs. 9 397 cases (26.6%), 8 304 (6 261, 11 219) vs. 1 882 (1 304, 2 796) vs. 3 195 (2 364, 4 352) CNY, χ²=10 462.50, 9 702.26, 28 037.23, all P<0.001). The annual total hospitalization costs of pediatric CAP from 2018 to 2020 were 110 million CNY, 130 million CNY and 40 million CNY, respectively. And the cost for each hospitalization increased year by year, which was 2 940 (1 939, 4 438), 3 215 (2 126, 5 011) and 3 673 (2 274, 6 975) CNY, respectively. There were also significant differences in the hospitalization expenses in the different age groups of <1 year old, 1-<3 years old, 3-<6 years old, 6-<12 years old and 12-18 years old (5 941 (2 787, 9 247) vs. 2 793 (1 803, 4 336) vs. 3 013 (2 070, 4 329) vs. 3 473 (2 400, 5 097) vs. 4 290 (2 837, 7 314) CNY, χ²=3 462.39, P<0.001). The hospitalization cost of severe pneumonia was significantly higher than that of non-severe cases (5 076 (3 250, 8 364) vs. 2 685 (1 780, 3 843) CNY, Z=109.77, P<0.001). The cost of patients who received operation was significantly higher than that of whom did not (10 040 (4 583, 14 308) vs. 3 083 (2 025, 4 747) CNY, Z=44.46, P<0.001). Conclusions: The number of children hospitalized with CAP in Shanghai decreased significantly in 2020 was significantly lower than that in 2018 and 2019.The proportion of patients from other provinces and with severe pneumonia are mainly admitted in children's hospitals. Hospitalization costs are higher in children's hospitals, and also for children younger than 1 year old, severe cases and patients undergoing operations.
Infant ; Female ; Male ; Humans ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Hospitalization ; Community-Acquired Infections/therapy* ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Pneumonia/therapy*

Humans ; Sjogren's Syndrome/diagnosis* ; Castleman Disease/diagnosis* ; Case-Control Studies

OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of paralleling technique in measuring the depth of approximal infrabony pocket after periodontal flap surgery by comparing the measured and actual depths. METHODS: The study population included 26 patients with infrabony defects who had undergone periodontal flap surgery, bone graft surgery, and guided tissue regene-ration. The measured and actual depths of approximal infrabony pocket after periodontal flap surgery were compared. The 26 infrabony defects were categorized into the following groups according to tooth position: anterior teeth, premolar, and molar groups, and according to type of infrabony pocket: one-walled, two-walled, and three-walled infrabony pocket groups. Paired t-test was used to detect the difference between the two values. RESULTS: Depth measurements of the approximal infrabony pocket depth of the anterior teeth and premolar were not significantly different (P>0.05), whereas those of the molar group were significantly different (P<0.05). In addition, depth measurements in one-walled and two-walled infrabony pocket groups showed no significant differences (P>0.05), whereas those in the three-walled infrabony pocket group were significantly different (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Paral-leling technique can accurately measure the depth of approximal infrabony pockets of anterior teeth and premolar teeth that are one- or two-walled. However, this method cannot accurately measure the approximal infrabony pockets of molar teeth and three-walled infrabony pockets as indicated by significant differences in their depth measurements.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Bone Transplantation ; Humans ; Molar ; Oral Surgical Procedures ; Periodontal Pocket

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of family management on improvement of management level for families with epilepsy children aged 0 to 6 years.Methods Families with epilepsy children aged 0 to 6 years hospitalized from April 1st to November 30th,2015 in our hospital were recruited and randomly divided into the control group and the intervention group.Within 24 hours after being diagnosed as epilepsy,general information questionnaire,epilepsy knowledge survey questionnaire and Family Management Scale(FaMM) were used for baseline survey.The control group received conventional treatment,nursing and health education.The intervention group received family management intervention for 6 months besides conventional treatment,nursing and health education.Epilepsy disease knowledge and family management were investigated at 3 months and 6 months after discharge.Results There was no difference between two groups at baseline (P＞0.05).For different periods of the study,time factor and interaction existed in epilepsy disease knowledge and total score of FaMM(P＜0.05).After intervention,there were significant differences in epilepsy disease knowledge and scores of FaMM between two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Family management intervention can improve family management level of families with epilepsy children aged 0 to 6 years.The intervention contents are detailed and concrete,the intervention method is easy to perform,and the effects are significant,and the intervention is convenient for clinical application.

There are two kinds of amelogenin gene mutation, including mutation in primer-binding region of amelogenin gene and micro deletion of Y chromosome encompassing amelogenin gene, and the latter is more common. The mechanisms of mutation in primer-binding region of amelogenin gene is nucleotide point mutation and the mechanism of micro deletion of Y chromosome encompassing amelogenin gene maybe non-allelic homologous recombination or non-homologous end-joining. Among the population worldwide, there is a notably higher frequency of amelogenin gene mutations in Indian population, Sri Lanka population and Nepalese population which reside within the Indian subcontinent. Though amelogenin gene mutations have little impact on fertility and phenotype, they might cause incorrect result in gender identification. Using composite-amplification kit which including autosomal STR locus, amelogenin gene locus and multiple Y-STR locus, could avoid wrong gender identification caused by amelogenin gene mutation.
Alleles ; Amelogenin/genetics* ; Asian People/genetics* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics* ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Nepal ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Deletion ; Sri Lanka

The study aims to develop a unified method to determine seven phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C) contained in honeysuckle flower that is the monarch drug of all the eight Yinqiao Jiedu serial preparations using quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS). Firstly, chlorogenic acid was used as a reference to get the average relative correction factors (RCFs) of the other phenolic acids in ratios to the reference; columns and instruments from different companies were used to validate the durability of the achieved RCFs in different levels of standard solutions; and honeysuckle flower extract was used as the reference substance to fix the positions of chromatographic peaks. Secondly, the contents of seven phenolic acids in eight different Yinqiao Jiedu serial preparations samples were calculated based on the RCFs durability. Finally, the quantitative results were compared between QAMS and the external standard (ES) method. The results have showed that the durability of the achieved RCFs is good (RSD during 0.80% - 2.56%), and there are no differences between the quantitative results of QAMS and ES (the relative average deviation < 0.93%). So it can be successfully used to the quantitative control of honeysuckle flower principally prescribed in Yinqiao Jiedu serial preparations.
Caffeic Acids ; analysis ; Chlorogenic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; Quinic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis

OBJECTIVE: To develop a multiplex allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) assay with three-color fluorescence labeling for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) SNP typing. METHODS: Based on the principle of AS-PCR, the primer sets were designed for 20 SNP located on the coding region of mtDNA and divided into 2 groups labeled with FAM and HEX fluorescence, respectively. A primer set included two forward (reverse) allelic specific primers with different sizes and a generic reverse (forward) primer. Blood samples from 200 unrelated individuals were analyzed by AS-PCR and capillary electrophoresis. Three random samples at least for each SNP site were examined and verified by direct sequencing. The haplotype frequency was investigated. RESULTS: Distinct electropherograms of 200 blood samples were obtained successfully. The typing results of direct sequencing were identical to those obtained from AS-PCR. The minimum detectable DNA concentration was 0.2 pg under the system of 10 microL. The sensitivity of the DNA concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 5 pg. The 200 individuals were assigned into 15 haplotype, and the haplotype diversity was 0.906 0. CONCLUSION AS-PCR is a simple, rapid and efficient method for mtDNA SNP typing, and can be applied to forensic practice.
Alleles ; DNA ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis* ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA