OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical and Laboratory characteristics of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and analyze the prognostic factors. METHODS: Two hundred MM patients were retrospectively analyzed for the following parameters, including peripheral blood, bone marrow morphology, cytogenetics, clinical staging, and response to the chemotherapy in order to summarize related factors affecting overall survival (OS). The prognostic factors were also analyzed. RESULTS: 200 patients with MM were divided into 3 groups according to bone marrow plasma cell percentage (BMPC%) in bone marrow smears: ＜10% group (74 cases, 37.0%), 10%-50% group (75 cases, 37.5%), ＞50% group (51 cases, 25.5%). Compared with the other two groups, patients in BMPC%<10% group were characterized by lower clinical staging levels, lower rates of 13q14 deletion and t(11;14) positive, better response to chemotherapy and favorable three-year OS rate. The univariate analysis showed that prognostic factors indicating favorable outcome as evaluated by OS included age≤55 years old, BMPC%＜10%, WBC＜7.5×10 CONCLUSION The clinical characteristics are different among MM patients with different BMPC% in bone marrow smears at initial diagnosis, and prognostic analysis shows that the BMPC% in bone marrow smears has an effect on OS rate. BMPC% in bone marrow smears at initial diagnosis, age, WBC, Hb, response to the fourth chemotherapy are also the main factors impacting the prognosis of patients.
Disease-Free Survival ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma/therapy* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome

The study is aimed to investigate the effects of light intensities on growth,photosynthetic physiology,antioxidant systems and chemical composition of Viola yedoensis and provide cultivation references for V.yedoensis.Five groups of V.yedoensis were planted under five light intensities conditions,namely 100%,80%,50%,35%,5%of full sunlight,and then morphological index,growth,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant enzyme system indexes were measured during harvest.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the biomass of V.yedoensis among 35% -100%full sunlight,but the biomass of those were significantly higher than that in the 5%full sunlight treatment(P<0.05).The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_2 concentration and water use efficiency increased firstly and then decreased with the decrease of light intensity;F_m,F_v/F_mand Yield in 5% full sunlight treatment were significantly lower than those in the other four groups(P<0.05).The structure of chloroplast was normal under light intensity ranged from 50%to 100% full sunlight.The lamellar concentration of chloroplast matrix decreased and the starch granules decreased in 35% full sunlight treatment,and the margin of lamellar layer of chloroplast and substrate were blurred,and the starch granules were small and the number of starch granules decreased significantly under 5% full sunlight.MDA content in 5%full sunlight treatment was significantly higher than those in the other four groups(P<0.05).The total coumarin content and total flavonoid content decreased with the decrease of light intensity.In summary,the light in-tensity range suitable for the growth of V.yedoensis is wide(ranging from 35% to 100% full sunlight).The content of flavonoids and coumarins is positively correlated with light intensity.
Biomass ; Chlorophyll ; Chloroplasts ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves ; Sunlight ; Viola

Objective To study the correlation between multiple comet tail sign and the early abdominal visceral injury and explore the clinical application of the multiple comet tail sign in prompting the early abdominal visceral injury in an oleic acid animal model.Methods The experimental animals were divided into an experimental group and a control group.The sonograms of the lungs,livers and kidneys of control group were collected,and then the rabbits were executed.The animals of experimental group were made into multiple comet tail sign models.The thorax sonogram of successful model showed at least one lung area with varying degrees of multiple comet tail sign.Collect the sonograms of lungs,livers and kidneys were collected,and then the rabbits were executed.The two groups of rabbits were dissected,and the lungs,livers,kidneys,and spleens were removed to make the tissue sections.The gross pathologic findings and microscopic histological changes of the two groups were observed and noted.The ultrasound scores of chest sonograms were recorded:short comet tail sign for 1 point,isolated comet tail sign for 2 points,mild multiple comet tail sign for 3 points,moderate multiple comet tail sign for 4 points,and falls sign (severe multiple comet tail sign) for 5 points.The degree of organ injury was assessed by the percentage of pathologic injury area under microscope,and the correlation between the multiple comet tail sign and abdominal organ injary was analyzed.Results The successful rate of multiple comet tail sign model in experimental group was 100％.The sonograms of liver and kidney have no significant change after the experiment.The incidence of positive pathologic changes in experimental group was 100％ (11/11).The gross pathologic findings of lung were complete shape with dark red hemorrhagic area at surface;the microscopic pathologic findings were pulmonary edema (11/11,100％) and pulmonary hemorrhage (9/11,81.8％).The incidence of positive pathologic changes in the liver of experimental group was 45.5％ (5/11).The gross pathologic findings of liver were complete shape with reddish brown surface and flexible texture;the microscopic pathologic findings were cellular swelling of hepatocytes (5/11,45.5％).The incidence of positive pathologic changes in the kidneys of experimental group was 18.2％ (2/11).The gross pathology had no obvious changes,and the microscopic pathologic findings were cellular swelling of renal tubular epithelial cells (2/11,18.2％).Results showed that the lung ultrasound scores of rabbits with liver injury were obviously higher than those of rabbits with no liver injury,and there was significant differences (Z=-2.529,P=0.011).There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the lung ultrasound scores of rabbits with liver injury and the microscopic pathologic area of liver lesion (r=0.893,P=0.041),and the higher the lung ultrasound score,the more severity of the liver injury.Conclusions The appearance of multiple comet tail sign is earlier than the sonogram changes of liver and kidney.The most sensitive pathologic changes of abdominal organ appear in liver,followed by kidney.The scope and extent of the multiple comet tail sign can prompt the early injury in liver and kidney.

PurposeAcute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome is a common severe disease, this paper aims to explore the pathological basis of diffuse comet-tail artifacts in rabbits with acute lung injury and evaluate the imaging value on pathological changes.Materials and Methods The bilateral anterior chest walls of the rabbits were divided into four zones, namely, left upper zone, right upper zone, left lower zone and right lower zone. The normal chest ultrasound images of the 6 rabbits were obtained. After oleic acid (0.1 ml/kg) was injected, the images of comet-tail artifact in the four lung zones were dynamically observed and stored for 1 hour. The chest ultrasound images were evaluated according to the ultrasound scores. The degree of pathological damage in each lung zone was assessed and analyzed in terms of the correlation with the ultrasound results.Results The animal model of acute lung injury with diffuse comet-tail artifacts was successfully made in all of the 6 rabbits. The main pathological changes of the animal model of oleic acid were diffuse pulmonary edema, congestion and congestive hemorrhage; necrosis was found in 4 rabbits. The area of pulmonary edema, congestion, and congestive hemorrhage increased gradually from top to bottom, and double diaphragm leaves were typical. A significant correlation was found between the ultrasound scores of comet-tail artifacts and the degrees of pathological damage (r=0.819,P<0.05).Conclusion The histological changes of chest diffuse comet-tail artifacts due to acute lung injury are pulmonary edema, congestion and congestive hemorrhage. The scope and density of diffuse comet-tail artifacts may indicate the degree of pulmonary parenchyma injury, which is important as reference to guide the treatment and prognosis.