Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ankle dorsiflexion, neutral, and plantarflexion on lower extremity muscle activity and break point angle (BPA) during Nordic hamstring exercises. Methods: Twenty-four members of a college soccer club (age, 21.68±2.39 years; height, 175.63±4.76 cm; weight, 71.88±6.29 kg) were recruited to participate in the experiment, and all subjects were measured three times in triplicate for Nordic hamstrings at three different ankle angles with all subjects in one group. Surface electromyography equipment (miniDTS, Noraxon Inc.) was used to acquire 3 seconds of muscle activity data at the starting point (90°) during exercise, and motion analysis software (Kinovea version 0.9.5, Kinovea) was used to collect kinematic data at the point where knee strike angular velocity exceeded 30°/sec for BPA data acquisition. Results: The results of this study, lower extremity muscle activity was not significantly different in the three variants of Nordic hamstring exercises, but BPA was significantly lower in the dorsiflexion position (60.28°±6.35°) compared to the neutral position (65.32°±6.35°) and plantarflexion position (63.82°±7.01°) (p＜ 0.001). Conclusion These results suggest that the dorsi flexion position of the ankle during Nordic hamstring exercises allows the body to maintain the position for a longer period of time against eccentric forces in situations where the body is moving forward. This suggests that the ankle dorsi flexion position can be used as a position for effective Nordic hamstring exercises in amateur soccer players.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ankle dorsiflexion, neutral, and plantarflexion on lower extremity muscle activity and break point angle (BPA) during Nordic hamstring exercises. Methods: Twenty-four members of a college soccer club (age, 21.68±2.39 years; height, 175.63±4.76 cm; weight, 71.88±6.29 kg) were recruited to participate in the experiment, and all subjects were measured three times in triplicate for Nordic hamstrings at three different ankle angles with all subjects in one group. Surface electromyography equipment (miniDTS, Noraxon Inc.) was used to acquire 3 seconds of muscle activity data at the starting point (90°) during exercise, and motion analysis software (Kinovea version 0.9.5, Kinovea) was used to collect kinematic data at the point where knee strike angular velocity exceeded 30°/sec for BPA data acquisition. Results: The results of this study, lower extremity muscle activity was not significantly different in the three variants of Nordic hamstring exercises, but BPA was significantly lower in the dorsiflexion position (60.28°±6.35°) compared to the neutral position (65.32°±6.35°) and plantarflexion position (63.82°±7.01°) (p＜ 0.001). Conclusion These results suggest that the dorsi flexion position of the ankle during Nordic hamstring exercises allows the body to maintain the position for a longer period of time against eccentric forces in situations where the body is moving forward. This suggests that the ankle dorsi flexion position can be used as a position for effective Nordic hamstring exercises in amateur soccer players.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ankle dorsiflexion, neutral, and plantarflexion on lower extremity muscle activity and break point angle (BPA) during Nordic hamstring exercises. Methods: Twenty-four members of a college soccer club (age, 21.68±2.39 years; height, 175.63±4.76 cm; weight, 71.88±6.29 kg) were recruited to participate in the experiment, and all subjects were measured three times in triplicate for Nordic hamstrings at three different ankle angles with all subjects in one group. Surface electromyography equipment (miniDTS, Noraxon Inc.) was used to acquire 3 seconds of muscle activity data at the starting point (90°) during exercise, and motion analysis software (Kinovea version 0.9.5, Kinovea) was used to collect kinematic data at the point where knee strike angular velocity exceeded 30°/sec for BPA data acquisition. Results: The results of this study, lower extremity muscle activity was not significantly different in the three variants of Nordic hamstring exercises, but BPA was significantly lower in the dorsiflexion position (60.28°±6.35°) compared to the neutral position (65.32°±6.35°) and plantarflexion position (63.82°±7.01°) (p＜ 0.001). Conclusion These results suggest that the dorsi flexion position of the ankle during Nordic hamstring exercises allows the body to maintain the position for a longer period of time against eccentric forces in situations where the body is moving forward. This suggests that the ankle dorsi flexion position can be used as a position for effective Nordic hamstring exercises in amateur soccer players.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ankle dorsiflexion, neutral, and plantarflexion on lower extremity muscle activity and break point angle (BPA) during Nordic hamstring exercises. Methods: Twenty-four members of a college soccer club (age, 21.68±2.39 years; height, 175.63±4.76 cm; weight, 71.88±6.29 kg) were recruited to participate in the experiment, and all subjects were measured three times in triplicate for Nordic hamstrings at three different ankle angles with all subjects in one group. Surface electromyography equipment (miniDTS, Noraxon Inc.) was used to acquire 3 seconds of muscle activity data at the starting point (90°) during exercise, and motion analysis software (Kinovea version 0.9.5, Kinovea) was used to collect kinematic data at the point where knee strike angular velocity exceeded 30°/sec for BPA data acquisition. Results: The results of this study, lower extremity muscle activity was not significantly different in the three variants of Nordic hamstring exercises, but BPA was significantly lower in the dorsiflexion position (60.28°±6.35°) compared to the neutral position (65.32°±6.35°) and plantarflexion position (63.82°±7.01°) (p＜ 0.001). Conclusion These results suggest that the dorsi flexion position of the ankle during Nordic hamstring exercises allows the body to maintain the position for a longer period of time against eccentric forces in situations where the body is moving forward. This suggests that the ankle dorsi flexion position can be used as a position for effective Nordic hamstring exercises in amateur soccer players.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ankle dorsiflexion, neutral, and plantarflexion on lower extremity muscle activity and break point angle (BPA) during Nordic hamstring exercises. Methods: Twenty-four members of a college soccer club (age, 21.68±2.39 years; height, 175.63±4.76 cm; weight, 71.88±6.29 kg) were recruited to participate in the experiment, and all subjects were measured three times in triplicate for Nordic hamstrings at three different ankle angles with all subjects in one group. Surface electromyography equipment (miniDTS, Noraxon Inc.) was used to acquire 3 seconds of muscle activity data at the starting point (90°) during exercise, and motion analysis software (Kinovea version 0.9.5, Kinovea) was used to collect kinematic data at the point where knee strike angular velocity exceeded 30°/sec for BPA data acquisition. Results: The results of this study, lower extremity muscle activity was not significantly different in the three variants of Nordic hamstring exercises, but BPA was significantly lower in the dorsiflexion position (60.28°±6.35°) compared to the neutral position (65.32°±6.35°) and plantarflexion position (63.82°±7.01°) (p＜ 0.001). Conclusion These results suggest that the dorsi flexion position of the ankle during Nordic hamstring exercises allows the body to maintain the position for a longer period of time against eccentric forces in situations where the body is moving forward. This suggests that the ankle dorsi flexion position can be used as a position for effective Nordic hamstring exercises in amateur soccer players.

Background and Objectives: Accumulating evidence shows that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, whether SGLT2i, compared with other antidiabetic drugs, reduce the new development of atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. In this study, we compared SGLT2i with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) in terms of reduction in the risk of AF in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We included 42,786 propensity score-matched pairs of SGLT2i and DPP-4i users without previous AF diagnosis using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database between May 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018. Results: During a median follow-up of 1.3 years, SGLT2i users had a lower incidence of AF than DPP-4i users (1.95 vs. 2.65 per 1,000 person-years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–0.97; p=0.028]). In individuals without heart failure, SGLT2i users was associated with a decreased risk of AF incidence (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52–0.94; p=0.019) compared to DPP-4i users. However, individuals with heart failure, SGLT2i users was not significantly associated with a change in risk (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.44–2.44; p=0.936). Conclusions In this nationwide cohort study of individuals with type 2 diabetes, treatment with SGLT2i was associated with a lower risk of AF compared with treatment with DPP-4i.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics and trends of scientific publications on thyroid ultrasound (US) from 2001 to 2020, specifically examining the differences among disciplines. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE database was searched for scientific articles on thyroid US published between 2001 and 2020 using the PubMed online service. The evaluated parameters included year of publication, type of document, topic, funding, first author’s specialty, journal name, subject category, impact factor, and quartile ranking of the publishing journal, country, and language. Relationships between the first author’s specialty (radiology, internal medicine, surgery, otorhinolaryngology, and miscellaneous) and other parameters were analyzed. Results: A total of 2917 thyroid US publications were published between 2001 and 2020, which followed an exponential growth pattern, with an annual growth rate of 11.6%. Radiology produced the most publications (n = 1290, 44.2%), followed by internal medicine (n = 716, 24.5%), surgery (n = 409, 14.0%), and otorhinolaryngology (n = 171, 5.9%). Otorhinolaryngology and internal medicine published significantly more case reports than radiology (p < 0.001, each). Radiology published a significantly higher proportion of publications on imaging diagnosis (p < 0.001 for all) and a significantly lower proportion of publications on biopsy (p < 0.001 for all) than the other disciplines. Publications produced by radiology authors were less frequently published in Q1 journals than those from other disciplines (p < 0.005 for internal medicine and miscellaneous disciplines and < 0.01 for surgery and otorhinolaryngology). China contributed the greatest number of publications (n = 622, 21.3%), followed by South Korea (n = 478, 16.4%) and the United States (n = 468, 16.0%). Conclusion Radiology produced the most publications for thyroid US than any other discipline. Radiology authors published more notably on imaging diagnosis compared to other topics and in journals with lower impact factors compared to authors in other disciplines.

BACKGROUND: Autologous fat grafting is one of the most common procedures used in plastic surgery to correct soft tissue deficiency or depression deformity. However, its clinical outcomes are often suboptimal, and lack of metabolic and architectural support at recipient sites affect fat survival leading to complications such as cyst formation, calcification.Extracellular matrix-based scaffolds, such as allograft adipose matrix (AAM) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), have shown exceptional clinical promise as regenerative scaffolds. Magnesium hydroxide (MH), an alkaline ceramic, has attracted attention as a potential additive to improve biocompatibility. We attempted to combine fat graft with regenerative scaffolds and analyzed the changes and viability of injected fat graft in relation to the effects of injectable natural, and synthetic (PLGA/MH microsphere) biomaterials. METHODS: In vitro cell cytotoxicity, angiogenesis of the scaffolds, and wound healing were evaluated using human dermal fibroblast cells. Subcutaneous soft-tissue integration of harvested fat tissue was investigated in vivo in nude mouse with random fat transfer protocol Fat integrity and angiogenesis were identified by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In vitro cell cytotoxicity was not observed both in AAM and PLGA/MH with human dermal fibroblast.PLGA/MH and AAM showed excellent wound healing effect. in vivo, the AAM and PLGA/MH retained volume compared to that in the only fat group. And the PLGA/MH showed the highest angiogenesis and anti-inflammation. CONCLUSION In this study, a comparison of the volume retention effect and angiogenic ability between autologous fat grafting, injectable natural, and synthetic biomaterials will provide a reasonable basis for fat grafting.

BACKGROUND: AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance and safety of a new ¹⁸F-labeled amyloid tracer, ¹⁸F-FC119S. METHODS: This study prospectively recruited 105 participants, comprising 53 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, 16 patients with dementia other than AD (non-AD), and 36 healthy controls (HCs). In the first screening visit, the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery cognitive function test was given to the dementia group, while HC subjects completed the Korean version of the Mini Mental State Examination. Individuals underwent ¹⁸F-FC119S PET, ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, and brain MRI. The diagnostic performance of ¹⁸F-FC119S PET for AD was compared to a historical control (comprising previously reported and currently used amyloid-beta PET agents), ¹⁸F-FDG PET, and MRI. The standardized uptake value (SUV) ratio (ratio of the cerebral cortical SUV to the cerebellar SUV) was measured for each PET data set to provide semiquantitative analysis. All adverse effects during the clinical trial periods were monitored. RESULTS: Visual assessments of the ¹⁸F-FC119S PET data revealed a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 84% in detecting AD. ¹⁸F-FC119S PET demonstrated equivalent or better diagnostic performance for AD detection than the historical control, ¹⁸F-FDG PET (sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 76.0%), and MRI (sensitivity of 98.0% and specificity of 50.0%). The SUV ratios differed significantly between AD patients and the other groups, at 1.44±0.17 (mean±SD) for AD, 1.24±0.09 for non-AD, and 1.21±0.08 for HC. No clinically significant adverse effects occurred during the trial periods. CONCLUSIONS ¹⁸F-FC119S PET provides high sensitivity and specificity in detecting AD and therefore may be considered a useful diagnostic tool for AD.

Acromegaly is a chronic disorder caused by excessive growth hormone (GH) secretion. In most cases, the excess GH originates from GH-producing pituitary adenomas. Surgery is the preferred first-line treatment for patients with acromegaly, but medical management is considered when the disease persists after surgery or in cases where patients refuse surgery or are poor candidates for surgery. Somatostatin analogues are commonly used to treat acromegaly. The Korean Endocrine Society and the Korean Neuroendocrine Study Group have developed a position statement for the use of somatostatin analogues in the medical treatment of acromegaly. This position statement is based on evidence from the current literature and expert opinions. In the case of discrepancies among expert opinions, the experts voted to determine the recommended approach.
Acromegaly ; Expert Testimony ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Octreotide ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Somatostatin