Objective: To evaluate different methods' efficacy of controlling acute bleeding and managing long-term menstruation in patients with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) associated with antithrombotic therapy. Methods: The clinical data of 22 cases with HMB associated with antithrombotic therapy admitted to Peking University People's Hospital from January 2010 to August 2022 were analyzed, aged 39 years old (26-46 years). Changes in menstrual volume, hemoglobin (Hb), and quality of life were collected after control of acute bleeding and long-term menstrual management. Menstrual volume was assessed by pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC), and quality of life was assessed by menorrhagia multi-attribute scale (MMAS). Results: (1) Treatment of acute bleeding: of the 22 cases with HMB associated with antithrombotic therapy, 16 cases were treated in our hospital and 6 in other hospital for emergency bleeding; of the 16 cases treated in our hospital, 3 underwent emergency intrauterine Foley catheter balloon compression due to severe bleeding (Hb decreased by 20 to 40 g/L within 12 hours). Of the 22 cases with antithrombotic therapy-related HMB, 15 (including 2 cases with severe bleeding) underwent emergency aspiration or endometrial resection, and intraoperative placement of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) followed by a significant reduction in bleeding volume; 3 cases had controlled acute bleeding after rivaroxaban dose reduction and continued observation; 2 cases were given gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists to control acute bleeding in other hospital, of which 1 case was temporarily treated with periodic blood transfusion, and the other one patient underwent total hysterectomy; and 2 cases had temporary amenorrhea with oral mifepristone after intrauterine balloon compression or oral norethindrone. (2) Long-term menstrual management: of the 22 cases with antithrombotic therapy-related HMB, 15 had LNG-IUS placement and 12 had LNG-IUS placement for 6 months, and menstrual volume was significantly reduced [PBAC scores were 365.0 (272.5-460.0) vs 25.0 (12.5-37.5), respectively; Z=4.593, P<0.001], Hb was significantly increased [91.5 g/L (71.8-108.2 g/L) vs 128.5 g/L (121.2-142.5 g/L); Z=4.695, P<0.001], and quality of life was significantly improved [MMAS scores were 415.0 (327.5-472.5) vs 580.0 (570.0-580.0), respectively; Z=-3.062, P=0.002] before placement compared with 6 months after placement. Three rivaroxaban dose reduction patients' PBAC scores decreased by 20 to 35 but remained >100, and perceived quality of life did not change significantly. Two cases with temporary amenorrhea treated with oral mifepristone felt significantly improved quality of life, and the MMAS scores increased by 220 and 180, respectively. Conclusion: Intrauterine Foley catheter balloon compression, aspiration or endometrial ablation could be used to control acute bleeding in patients with antithrombotic therapy-related HMB, and LNG-IUS for long-term management could reduce menstrual volume, increase hemoglobin, and improve the quality of life of patients.
Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Menorrhagia/etiology* ; Fibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects* ; Levonorgestrel/adverse effects* ; Amenorrhea/drug therapy* ; Mifepristone/therapeutic use* ; Quality of Life ; Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use* ; Hemoglobins ; Intrauterine Devices, Medicated/adverse effects* ; Contraceptive Agents, Female

Intrauterine device use as contraceptionoffers the benefits of being affordable, long- acting, highly effective, and reversible. However, like any foreign body, it can be prone to certain complications, at times, with very serious consequences. Migration is the rarest but most feared complication. This is a report of the case of 72-year old woman with anine-month history of right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Work ups pointed to a migrated intrauterine device.The patient subsequently underwent laparoscopic removal of the foreign body with omental biopsy which laterrevealed metastatic adenocarcinoma from a primary ovarian malignancy.
Intrauterine Devices ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Adenocarcinoma

Female ; Humans ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/diagnosis* ; Intrauterine Devices

Intrauterine device(IUD)migrating to the bladder is rare,especially the migration far away from the uterus into the bladder wall.Due to no obvious clinical symptom in the early stage and being far away from the uterus,the IUD totally embedded in the bladder wall is prone to misdiagnosis and delay in treatment.We reported one case of such migration,aiming to improve the clinical management of the IUD totally embedded in the bladder wall.
Female ; Humans ; Urinary Bladder/surgery* ; Uterus ; Pelvis ; Intrauterine Devices/adverse effects*

Background: According to the WHO, about 16 million girls at the age of 15–19 years give birth each year. In the Philippines, 600 live births a day are registered under teenage mothers. At Mariano Marcos Memorial Hospital and Medical Center, 12% of all obstetric admissions yearly are teenagers. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends long‑acting reversible contraception (LARCs), in the form of intrauterine device and progestin subdermal implant as pregnancy prevention options for young mothers. The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence and determinants of long‑acting reversible contraception (LARC) initiation among teenage mothers in Mariano Marcos Memorial Hospital and Medical Center. Methodology: Prospective observational study: A self‑administered questionnaire was given to the respondents wherein they ranked determinants involved in their selection of a contraceptive method on a scale of 1–4 (1 being the most important, and 4, the least important. Results A total of 162 teenage mothers participated in the study. Majority of the respondents were 17–18 years old, enrolled up to high school, single, unemployed, and primiparas. Eighty‑seven percentage of all teenage mothers admitted at Mariano Marcos Memorial Hospital and Medical Center from December 2020 to December 2021 used long‑active reversible contraception. Ranked from most (1) to least (4) important, the respondents considered: (1) Effectivity, (2) Long duration, (3) Family influence, and (4) Peer influence as their determinants for initiating LARC method. The high effectiveness and long duration of LARC were the primary reasons for initiation, while the least factors they considered were that of peer and family influence.
Intrauterine Devices ; Pregnancy in Adolescence

Objective: To analyze the effects of unsafe sexual behavior and sexual orientation on previous HIV testing and HIV testing willingness among college students in Harbin, to provide a theoretical basis for promoting and promoting HIV testing among them. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to place the automatic vending machine of HIV urine test kit in 9 universities in Harbin from December 2017 to January 2018. The questionnaire star was used to design and recruit college students to carry out an anonymous online survey. The estimated sample size was 6 659. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the effects of unsafe sexual behavior and sexual orientation on previous HIV testing and HIV testing willingness among college students. WPS 2016 was used to sort out the database, and SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 60 849 valid questionnaires were collected. 19.1% (11 189/58 605) of college students reported having sex. College students who used condoms correctly every time, occasionally or never during sex in the past six months 58.5% (6 206/10 603), 25.2%(2 669/10 603)and 16.3% (1 728/10 603), respectively. Heterosexuality, homosexuality and bisexuality accounted for 94.1% (54 393/57 823), 2.4% (1 369/57 823) and 3.5% (2 061/57 823), respectively. The HIV testing willingness of college students was 73.3% (44 572/60 849). The proportion of previous HIV testing was 10.3% (951/9 241). Results of the multivariate logistic analysis showed that compared with the college students who used condoms correctly whenever they had sex in the past six months, there was no significant difference in the proportion of previous HIV testing among college students who sometimes/occasionally used or never used condoms (OR=0.94,95%CI:0.69-1.29; OR=1.11,95%CI:0.73-1.67), but their willingness to HIV testing was lower (OR=0.79, 95%CI:0.71-0.89; OR=0.48, 95%CI:0.42-0.55); Compared with heterosexual college students, homosexual or bisexual college students have a higher proportion of previous HIV testing (OR=2.62, 95%CI:1.62-4.24; OR=2.04, 95%CI:1.25-3.32), but have lower HIV testing willingness (OR=0.76, 95%CI: 0.62-0.93; OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.53-0.77). Conclusions: Unsafe sexual behavior existed among college students in Harbin, and college students with weak awareness of HIV prevention also have weak awareness of testing. Behavioral intervention should be strengthened and HIV testing promoted. Compared with heterosexuals, homosexual or bisexual college students had a higher proportion of previous HIV testing, but their willingness to test was lower. The HIV detection mode with better concealment, accuracy, and convenience should be promoted on the college's campus.
Condoms ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections/prevention & control* ; HIV Testing ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This paper introduces the basic content of the compulsory national standard ISO 7439:2015 Copper-bearing contraceptive intrauterine devices--Requirements and tests standard analysis, and expounds the reasons for revising part of the standard during the conversion process according to the actual market situation of intrauterine contraceptive device containing copper in China. As a compulsory basic universal standard, it has a guiding significance for the manufacturers of IUD and can promote the improvement of product quality.
China ; Contraceptive Agents ; Copper ; Female ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices

Cystectomy ; Female ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices

Background: Transvaginal ultrasound prior to IUD insertion may be helpful in appropriate patient selection and optimal patient conditions in preventing IUD malpositions and complications. Objective: To describe the sonographic features of correctly positioned and malpositioned intrauterine device (IUD) in women and correlate with associated symptoms and concurrent cervical, uterine and ovarian pathology Methodology: This is a 5-year retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients in a tertiary hospital with sonographically detected correctly positioned and malpositioned IUDs were selected from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Database from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018. The patient’s name and case number were used to review the patient’s charts for the demographic profile and other necessary data. Intrauterine device sonographic features were recorded, correlated clinically and analyzed statistically. Results: Three hundred two patients were eligible for the study with ages between 41 to 50 years old and with an average of 1 to 3 pregnancies and livebirths. Almost half of the women with malpositioned IUDs complained of missing IUD string. Sonographically, the IUD appeared echogenic with more than half demonstrating a linear echogenic stripe. The most common type of malpositioned IUD was partial or fully embedding the myometrium (45.2 %), followed by those located in the cervix or in the lower uterine segment (35.7%), partially expelled with IUD segment extending through the external cervical os (11.9%), and fragmented (4.7%). The least common malpositioning was malrotation of the IUD (2.3%). There were significantly more women with cervical disease among those who had correctly placed IUDs. Thirteen women were pregnant, 9 of whom had intrauterine pregnancies. 3 had ectopic pregnancies and 1 had an abortion. Eight of the 9 intrauterine pregnancies had malpositioned IUD and only 1 had correctly positioned IUD which was statistically significant. Conclusion Women with IUD who became pregnant and with missing IUD strings are important predictors to re-assess IUD placement. Uterine pathologies such as myomas and adenomyomas do not affect placement of intrauterine devices. IUDs remain in place in the presence of cervical diseases such as cervical malignancies.
Ultrasonography ; intrauterine devices ;

Background: Progressively increasing population of the country leads to unmet needs for responsible parenthood. This is reflective to reproductive age women with unplanned pregnancies which may consequently lead to maternal morbidity and mortality and adverse perinatal outcomes. Provision of family planning methods is implemented. One of the temporary methods of Long Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) is Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUD). The effectiveness is similar to tubal sterilization with its perfect use. However, one of the drawbacks is dealing with its expulsion which affects its efficacy. Objective: The study determined the expulsion rate between Immediate and Early postpartum IUD insertion after vaginal delivery. Expulsion rate was evaluated during the following periods: prior to discharge, after 4 weeks, after 12 weeks and 24 weeks post-insertion. Methodology: This was an Observational Cross Sectional Study conducted for a year designed to collect data among patients who had IUD insertion after vaginal deliveries in a 6-month period of follow up. Sample size was computed using epi info 7.0. Finite Population Collection was derived to meet the population size available which resulted to 159 participants. Randomization was initiated to classify between immediate and early IUD insertion. Expulsion was observed during follow up at the family planning center of the institution Results: This data showed no direct correlation in the expulsion rates between early and immediate postpartum IUD insertion. The expulsion rate was 6.25% for Immediate and 5.55% for Early IUD insertion respectively. There were no expulsion observed beyond 12 weeks post insertion. Relationship between early/immediate IUD insertion and expulsion rate was investigated using Chi square test. Conclusion Improved education and heightened awareness among reproductive aged women would initiate higher acceptance of IUD during postpartum period. Proper and improved technique of IUD insertion during postpartum period may decrease expulsion rate hence promoting better utilization of this family planning method.
Intrauterine Devices