Objective:To evaluate the in vitro cross-neutralization of serum antibodies in human and mice immunized with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine against Delta and Beta variants. Methods:Human serum samples after a second and a third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and mouse serum samples after a two-dose vaccination were collected. The neutralizing antibodies in the samples against SARS-CoV-2 strains of prototype, Delta and Beta variants were detected using micro-neutralization assay in biosafety level Ⅲ laboratory. The seroconversion rates and geometric mean titers (GMTs) of antibodies were calculated.Results:The seroconversion rates of antibodies in human serum samples against different SARS-CoV-2 strains were all above 95%. After two-dose vaccination, the GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against the prototype, Delta and Beta strains were 109, 41 and 15, respectively. The GMTs decreased by 2.7 folds and 7.3 folds for the Delta and Beta variants as compared with the prototype strain. After the booster vaccination, the GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against the prototype, Delta and Beta strains were 446, 190 and 86, respectively. The GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Beta variants decreased by 2.3 folds and 5.2 folds as compared with that against the prototype strain. The seroconversion rates of antibodies against different SARS-CoV-2 strains in mouse serum samples were all 100%. The GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against the prototype, Delta and Beta strains were 2 037, 862 and 408, respectively. The GMTs decreased by 2.4 folds and 5.0 folds for the Delta and Beta variants.Conclusions:Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could induce a certain level of neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Beta variants in both human and mouse models. Moreover, a third dose of vaccine induced higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Beta variants in human. This study provided valuable data for the clinical application and protective evaluation of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Talaromyces Marneffei infection is rarely reported in patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. We reported an old man with chronic fever, pleomorphic rash, cough, EBV viraemia, and secondary hemophagocytic syndrome. Repeated histological biopsy and culture of skin lesions revealed Talaromyces Marneffei. This patient was diagnosed as chronic active EBV infection, and Talaromyces Marneffei infection. After treated with glucocorticoid steroids and anti-fungal therapy, the patient finally recovered. EBV infection is usually seen in immune compromised patients, who are susceptible to opportunistic pathogens rarely as Talaromyces Marneffei in this case.

Objective To study the possible mechanism of hearing impairment after noise exposure .Methods Adult SD rats (n=14) were monaurally exposed to a loud noise (16 kHz ,one octave band pass (116 dB SPL)) for 1-hour ,or left as non-exposed controls (n=8) .The ABR was measured before and on the 7th day following unilateral noise exposure .All the Animals were euthanased at 7th day following acoustic trauma .We used Western blots to quantify protein levels of PV ,CR and CB in the inferior colliculus .Results The auditory thresholds in 8 , 12 ,16 ,20 ,24 ,and 32 kHz of all the ears exposed to noise showed a significant increase (P<0 .001) .Compared to the sham -exposed controls ,noise-exposed animals had significantly higher levels of PV and CR and lower levels of CB in both the ipsilateral and contralateral IC than controls (P<0 .05) .Respectively ,all the noise-exposed ani-mals had higher levels of PV and CR in the ipsilateral IC than ipsilateral side (P<0 .05) .Conclusion These studies display a significant threshold shift and changes on the expressions of PV ,CR and CB in IC following acoustic trau-ma ,which may be related to noise deafness ,tinnitus and other series of auditory dysfunction .

Objective: To investigate the effect of blood eosinophils on clinical effect of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methods: From March 2011 to March 2016, 72 cases with CRSwNP were treated by endoscopic sinus surgery in Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University People′s Hospital. The clinical records were retrospectively reviewed, and the cases were divided into eosinophilia elevated and non-elevated group according to blood eosinophils, and nasal polyps were evaluated for histopathology eosinophil count. Statistical analysis was performed to compare two groups′ pre- and post-operative symptoms of VAS score, sinus computed tomography (CT) scans scores according to the Lund-Mackay system and the outcome of surgery. Both groups′ factors that might have affected their outcome were analyzed by t-test, Chi square, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Willcoxon rank sum test. Results: Seventy two cases were followed up from 24 to 78 months.The average follow-up time was 56 months. The VAS score in the eosinophilia elevated group (n=16) was higher than that in the non-elevated group(n=56), and the difference was statistically significant (11.44±7.13 vs 4.98±5.64, t=3.726, P<0.05). The control of symptoms in the peripheral blood eosinophilia elevated group was less than that in the non-elevated group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-1.979, P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between eosinophil counts in peripheral blood and tissues of 72 cases (r=0.429, P<0.05). Conclusion There is a significant correlation between tissue and blood eosinophil counts, and eosinophilia group has poorer outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in eosinophilic nasal polyps, non-eosinophilic nasal polyps and controls, and to compare the characteristics of ILC2s indifferent types of nasal polyp. Methods: Flow cytometric analysis was used to quantify the ILC2s and Th2 cells in tissues from 19 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) and 6 controls. The patients were classified into two groups as eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (non-ECRSwNP) based on eosinophil counts under hematoxylin-eosin staining. ILC2 and Th2 cell frenquencies, measured as a percentage of CD45⁺ cells, were compared among ECRSwNP group (n=9), non-ECRSwNP group (n=10) and control group (n=6) using Mann-Whitney U test .The correlation between ILC2, Th2 cell frequencies and eosinophil count in tissues was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: ILC2 frequencies in ECRSwNP group were significantly higher than non-ECRSwNP group and controls ((0.051±0.025) vs (0.011±0.017), (0.051±0.025) vs (0.004±0.004), Z value was -3.185, -3.186, respectively, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference between ILC2 frequencies in non-ECRSwNP and controls ((0.011±0.017) vs (0.004±0.004), Z=-0.712, P=0.492). Th2 cell frequencies in ECRSwNP and non-ECRSwNP group were significantly higher than controls ((0.500±0.437) vs (0.106±0.102), (0.275±0.170) vs (0.106±0.102), Z value was -2.946, -2.278, respectively, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference between Th2 frequencies in non-ECRSwNP group and ECRSwNP group ((0.275±0.170) vs (0.500±0.437), Z=-1.306, P=0.211). ILC2 frequencies significantly correlated with Th2 cell frequencies (r=0.571, P=0.011) and tissue eosinophilia (r=0.579, P=0.009). Th2 cell frequencies significantly correlated with tissue eosinophilia (r=0.844, P=0.001). There was no significant association between ILC2 and allergic status. Conclusion ILC2s are elevated in ECRSwNP, and not influenced by allergic status, suggesting that ILC2s play an important role in ECRSwNP without allergic diseases.

To improve the yield of industrial fermentation, a method based on near infrared spectroscopy was presented to predict the growth of yeast.The spectral data of fermentation sample were measured by Fourier-transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometer in the process of yeast culture.Each spectrum was acquired over the range of 10000-4000 cm1.Meanwhile, the optical density (OD) of fermentation sample was determined with photoelectric turbidity method.After that, a method based on competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was used to select characteristic wavelength variables of NIR data, and then extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm was employed to develop the categorization model about the four growth processes of yeast.Experimental result showed that, only 30 characteristic wavelength variables of NIR data were selected by CRAS algorithms, and the prediction accuracies of training set and test set of the CARS-ELM model were 98.68% and 97.37%, respectively.The research showed that the near infrared spectrum analysis technology was feasible to predict the growth process of yeast.

Objective To analyze the subjective and objective results and the correlation of nasal obstruction because of nasal structural variation pre and post operation,and to provide clinical evidence for surgery and curative effect.Methods Three groups were included in this study:group 1 were 78 patients with structural rhinitis,group 2 were 72 patients with chronic sinusitis (without nasal polyp) and group 3 were healthy controls of 75 cases.Assessment of nasal obstruction was achieved by visual analog scale (VAS),and objective measurement was achieved by rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry.The first two minimum cross-sectional area of nasal cavity (MCA1,MCA2),their distances from the nostrils (MD1,MD2) and the nasal volume of 5 cm depth from the nostril (NV5) were recorded.The ratio of the parameters of the two sides of the nasal cavity was calculated respectively.Nasal resistance total (RT) and calculated right-left nasal resistance ratio (Rlr) were recorded.Patients of group 1 and group 2 accepted endoscopic surgery and received the above evaluation again at three months after surgery.Three groups were compared with statistical test.Results The preoperative values of three groups (MCA1,MD1,MCA2,MD2,NV5,RT) showed no statistical significance (F value was 0.945,0.245,1.380,0.036,0.866,1.651,respectively;all P ＞ 0.05),while their ratio had statistical differences except MD1 (F value was 5.242,1.726,4.882,4.005,5.066,5.316;P =0.013,0.199,0.019,0.024,0.018,0.011,respectively).Statistical results between the ratio of values (MCA1,MD1,MCA2,MD2,NV5,RT) and VAS of nasal obstruction of group 1 and group 2 showed significant positive correlations pre operation (r of group 1 value was 0.471,0.418,0.260,0.324,0.305,0.459,respectively;r of group 2 value was 0.373,0.403,0.288,0.366,0.402,0.249,respectively;all P ＜ 0.05).VAS scores pre and post operation of group 1 had statistically difference (t =35.122,P ＜0.05).Postoperative value of MD1,MD2 and RT among three groups had no statistical difference (F value was 0.178,0.582,0.905,respectively;all P ＞ 0.05).Postoperative value of MCA1,MCA2,NV5 among three groups had statistical difference (F value was 4.010,5.126,4.901,respectively;all P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative ratio of MCA1,MD1,NV5 and Rlr among three groups had no statistical difference (F value was 1.023,0.944,0.524,0.996,respectively;all P ＞ 0.05).Postoperative ratio of MCA2 and MD2 among three groups had statistical difference (F value was 4.859,4.357,respectively;all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Severity of nasal obstruction is related to structural variation of nasal cavity and the purpose of surgery is to restore structural symmetry of bilateral nasal cavity.

Objective To assessment the effect of autologous mastoid cortical bone to cover the mastoidetomy defect via transmastoid and posterior tympanotomy approach surgical technique during cochlear implantation in a ‐dults .Methods A total of 58 adults patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss accepted cochlear implantation from January 2010 and June 2014 ,which were using autologous mastoid cortical bone to cover the mastoidetomy de‐fect via transmastoid and posterior tympanotomy approach surgical technique .By observing postoperation complica‐tion the effect of surgery was evaluated .ABR were obtained for each patients at first ,third and sixth month after op‐eration .The patients which were not using autologous mastoid cortical bone to cover the mastoidetomy defect via transmastoid and posterior tympanotomy proach surgical technique acted as control group .Results No depression was found in the postauricuhtr site .None of the patients had experienced any immediate or delayed postoperative in ‐fection complication such as wound infection ,post - auricular abscess ,acute otitis media ,chronic otitis media ,in‐tracranial complication and necrotic of cortical bone .Autologous cortical bone cap had grew together with remnant cortical bone in all cochlear implantation patients .All implanted processor were in a good position ,all patients had good results after turning on the implant .The ABR thresholds were elevated about 70 dB compare to pre - operation values(P< 0 .05) .There was no significant difference compare to control group (P> 0 .05) .Conclusion The tech‐nique of autologous mastoid cortical bone to cover the mastoidetomy defect in cochlear implantation surgery can pre ‐vent depression of the postauricuhtr site ,remain stability of the implanted processor ,and have a good aided hearing thresholds after operation .

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term efficacy and investigate the factors of specific immunotherapy (SIT) efficacy of allergic rhinitis. METHOD: Fifty-seven patients with allergic rhinitis to dermatophagoides pteronysinus were included to receive SIT. Pair t-test was used to compare the symptom scores, visual analogue scores (VAS) and medication scores in patients before SIT and into maintain treatment statement to evaluate the clinical efficacy. T-test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the correlation between gender, age,reaction condition of skin prick test (SPT) and serum sIgE and the efficacy of SIT. RESULT: SIT was able to significantly reduce the symptom scores, VAS and medication scores. But the correlation between gender, age, SPT, and sIgE and theefficacy of SIT were not significant. CONCLUSION SIT is effective in the short-term treatment of AR. Further research is needed to investigate the factors that impact the efficacy of SIT.
Animals ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Immunotherapy ; Pyroglyphidae ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy ; Skin Tests

Objective: To clone , express and purify of Dermatophagoides farinae ( Der f 11 ) , and then test its immunogenicity.Methods:The gene coding for Der f 11 was synthesized ,and was then linked with the pET-32a vector.The expression plasmid pET32a(+)-Der f 11 was induced by IPTG.After purification of recombinant allergens Der 11 proteins through the Ni +affinity chromatography ,immunological allergic patients serum as the Primary antibody.Results: We obtain high purity recombinant Der f 11 protein.The results of SDS-PAGE show that the expression product is about 118 KD.Recombinant allergen Der f 11 test 15 dust mites allergic patients serum specific IgE , positive rate was 20%.Conclusion: Recombinant allergen Der f 11 obtained has the similar immunologic activity to natural Der f 11 protein.It can lay the foundation for the specific diagnosis ,treatment and further experimental studies of the dust mite allergy disease.