Living donor liver graft can be used for the first or second liver transplantation. The timing of retransplantation also should be stratified as 2 types according to the reoperation timing. Combination of these two classifications results in 6 types of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT)-associated retransplantation. However, late retransplantation to LDLT might have not been performed in most LDLT programs, thus other 4 types of LDLT-associated retransplantation can be taken into account. The most typical type of LDLT-associated retransplantation might be early living donor-to-deceased donor retransplantation. For early living donor-to-living donor retransplantation, its eligibility criteria might be similar to those of early living donor-to-deceased donor retransplantation. For early deceased donor-to-living donor retransplantation, its indications are exactly the same to those for aforementioned living donor-to-living donor retransplantation. Late deceased donor retransplantation after initial LDLT has the same indication for ordinary late deceased donor retransplantation.
Adult ; Cinnarizine ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Reoperation ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMFB) is an uncommon benign mesenchymal tumor. AMFB occurs almost in the vulvo-vaginal area of women. The gross features of AMFB are well-circumscribed so it clinically is often thought as Bartholin gland cyst or aggressive angiomyxoma. Usually, most tumors grow slowly, and patients do not feel pain. It also has low tendency for local recurrence. The histologic findings of the tumors are abundant thin-walled blood vessels with hypocellular and hypercellular areas. Almost all tumor cells have immunoreactivity for both desmin and vimentin. It also has estrogen and/or progesterone receptors, but staining for cytokeratin is negative. Here is a case of AMFB of the vulva occurring in a 40-year-old woman, involving the right labia majora. The patient described that her vulva mass grew in about few months. The maximum dimension of the tumor was measured as 2 cm, and we resected the tumor one month after as her second visit.
Adult ; Blood Vessels ; Cinnarizine ; Desmin ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; Myxoma ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Recurrence ; Vimentin ; Vulva

PURPOSE: The present study is to investigate the clinical utility of tumor marker cutoff ratio (TMR) and develop a TMR combination scoring system based on preoperative tumor marker (TM) levels to prognosis prediction in gastric cancer. METHODS: We include 1,142 patients for whom two or more TMs were measured and who underwent radical gastrectomy between 1990 and 2003. RESULTS: Five-year risk of recurrence (5 YRR) for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) TMRs were 18.3%, 29.8%, 61.4% for TMR < 1.0, 1.0 < or = TMR < 2.0, TMR > or = 2.0 respectively. 5 YRR for carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) TMR were 19.7%, 35.6%, 58.4% for TMR < 1.0, 1.0 < or = TMR < 3.0, TMR > or = 3.0, respectively. 5 YRR for carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA 72-4) TMR were 15.2% and 33.6% for TMR < 1.0 and TMR > or = 1.0, respectively. We defined high TMR (TMR > or = 2.0 for CEA, TMR > or = 3.0 for CA19-9), low TMR (1.0 < or = TMR < 2 for CEA, 1.0 < or = TMR < 3.0 for CA 19-9 and 1.0 < or = TMR for CA72-4) and negative TMR (TMR < 1.0 for all TMs). A TMR combination scoring system was devised with negative scored as zero points, low as 1 and high as 2 for each TMR. TMR scores were divided into four categories (score 0, 1, 2, 3 and above) based on the calculated TMR score and 5 YRR were found to be 12.8%, 23.9%, 45.5%, and 68.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that our scoring system was a significant independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: Preoperative TMRs such as CEA, CA 19-9, and CA 72-4 show a correlation with prognosis and the TMR combination scoring system could be a useful tool for the prediction of prognosis in gastric cancer.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen* ; Cinnarizine ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Stomach Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: At present, many surgeons prefer axillary artery cannulation because it facilitates antegrade cerebral perfusion and may diminish the risk of cerebral embolization. However, axillary artery cannulation has not been established as a routine procedure because there is controversy about its clinical advantage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 111 patients diagnosed with acute type A aortic dissection between January 2000 and December 2009. The right axillary artery was cannulated in 58 patients (group A) and the femoral artery was cannulated in 53 (group F). The postoperative outcomes were retrospectively reviewed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There were 46 male and 65 female patients with a mean age of 58.9+/-13.1 years (range, 26 to 84 years). The extent of aortic replacement in both groups did not differ. There were 8 early deaths (7.2%) and 2 late deaths (1.8%). The mean follow-up duration was 46.0+/-32.6 months (range, 1 month to 10 years). Transient neurologic dysfunction was observed in 11 patients (19.0%) in group A and 14 patients (26.4%) in group F. A total of 11 patients (9.9%) suffered from a permanent neurologic dysfunction. Early and delayed stroke were observed in 6 patients (10.3%) and 2 patients (3.4%), respectively, in group A as well as 2 patients (3.8%) and 1 patient (1.9%), respectively, in group F. There were no statistical differences in the cannulation-related complications between both groups (3 in group A vs. 0 in group F). CONCLUSION: There were no differences in postoperative neurologic outcomes and cannulation-related complications according to the cannulation sites. The cannulation site in an aortic dissection should be carefully chosen on a case-by-case basis. It is important to also pay attention to the possibility of intraoperative malperfusion syndrome occurring and the subsequent need to change the cannulation site.
Axillary Artery ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Catheterization ; Cinnarizine ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Perfusion ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sociodemographic factors on quality of satisfaction towards denture treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred subjects (filling inclusion criteria) who were wearing a denture for at least two months were enrolled and divided into five groups on the basis of sociodemographic variables (age, gender, literacy level, socio-economic and marital status). Questionnaires consisting of 38 questions (positive and negative attitude towards denture satisfaction) related to patients' perception of clinical outcome in different domains such as mastication, appearance, speech, comfort, health, denture care and social status were scored by the subjects. Questions reflecting positive attitude were scored as 2, 1, or 0 (yes, uncertain and no, respectively) and reversely for the negative questions. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (alpha = .05). RESULTS: Level of denture satisfaction was higher in age subgroup belonging to 45 - 65 years of age in relation to comfort, health and denture care. Female and male showed significant priority for denture treatment because of esthetic and function respectively. Level of satisfaction was statistically significant with literacy level. Upper high income group showed significantly higher level of satisfaction only in case of social status. Married group showed significantly higher satisfaction level only with comfort. CONCLUSION: Patients' sociodemographic variables were influential factors on denture satisfaction.
Cinnarizine ; Compliance ; Denture, Complete ; Dentures ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastication ; Social Sciences ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sociodemographic factors on quality of satisfaction towards denture treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred subjects (filling inclusion criteria) who were wearing a denture for at least two months were enrolled and divided into five groups on the basis of sociodemographic variables (age, gender, literacy level, socio-economic and marital status). Questionnaires consisting of 38 questions (positive and negative attitude towards denture satisfaction) related to patients' perception of clinical outcome in different domains such as mastication, appearance, speech, comfort, health, denture care and social status were scored by the subjects. Questions reflecting positive attitude were scored as 2, 1, or 0 (yes, uncertain and no, respectively) and reversely for the negative questions. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (alpha = .05). RESULTS: Level of denture satisfaction was higher in age subgroup belonging to 45 - 65 years of age in relation to comfort, health and denture care. Female and male showed significant priority for denture treatment because of esthetic and function respectively. Level of satisfaction was statistically significant with literacy level. Upper high income group showed significantly higher level of satisfaction only in case of social status. Married group showed significantly higher satisfaction level only with comfort. CONCLUSION: Patients' sociodemographic variables were influential factors on denture satisfaction.
Cinnarizine ; Compliance ; Denture, Complete ; Dentures ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastication ; Social Sciences ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate etiological factors of heterotopic ossification (HO) by evaluating retrospectively if HO is a unique finding following cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) or a finding observable following an anterior cervical interbody fusion (ACIF). METHODS: The authors had selected 87 patients who underwent anterior cervical surgery (TDR or ACIF), and could be followed up more than 24 months. A cervical TDR was performed using a Bryan disc or a ProDisc-C and an ACIF using a stand-alone cage or fibular allograft with a plate and screws system. The presence of HO was determined by observing plain radiography at the last follow up. The relation between HO occurrence and specific preoperative radio-logical findings (osteophyte and calcification of posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)) at the index level was investigated. RESULTS: Cervical TDR was performed in 40 patients (43 levels) and ACIF in 47 patients (54 levels). At the final radiographs, HO was demonstrated at 27 levels (TDR-Bryan; 8/18, TDR-Prodisc-C; 12/25, ACIF-cage alone; 7/29, and ACIF-plate screw; 0/25). Mean ROM at the last follow-up of each TDR subgroup were 7.8+/-4.7degrees in Bryan, 3.89+/-1.77degrees in Prodisc-C, and it did not correlated with the incidence of HO. Fusion status of ACIF groups was observed as 2 case of grade 1, 6 of grade 2, and 21 of grade 3 in cage alone subgroup, and no case of grade 1, 4 of grade 2, and 21 of grade 3 in plate screw subgroup. Fusion status in ACIF-cage alone subgroup was significantly related to the HO incidence. The preoperative osteophyte at the operated level observed in 27 levels, and HO was demonstrated in 12 levels (TDR-Bryan; 3/5, TDR-Prodisc-C; 2/3, ACIF-cage alone; 7/11, and ACIF-plate screw; 0/8). Preoperative PLL calcification at the operated level was observed 22 levels, and HO was defined at 14 levels (TDR-Bryan; 5/5, TDR-Prodisc-C; 4/5, ACIF-cage alone; 5/7, and ACIF-plate screw; 0/5). The evidence of preoperative osteophyte and PLL calcification showed statistically significant relations to the occurrence of HO. CONCLUSION: HO was observed in both TDR and ACIF groups. HO was more frequently occurred in TDR group regardless of prosthesis type. In ACIF group, only cage alone subgroup showed HO, with relation to fusion status. Preoperative calcification of longitudinal ligaments and osteophyte were strongly related to the occurrence of HO.
Cinnarizine ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Osteophyte ; Prostheses and Implants ; Retrospective Studies ; Total Disc Replacement ; Transplantation, Homologous

Alcohol consumption rates of Korean men and women are 85.8% and 65.4%, respectively. In regard to the amount of drinking, the highest frequency in men, among 37.2%, was over 10 glasses and in women was 1-2 glasses (1 glass, 12-14 g of alcohol) per day. Moderate drinking was defined as 2 glasses per day for men and 1 glass per day for women. Drinking beyond the moderate level could be risky or problematic. Alcohol related problems such as liver disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, accidents, crimes, injuries, and social and family problems in Korea create a great socioeconomic burden and threaten public health. Evidence-based treatments for problematic drinking, such as brief intervention, behavior change counseling, and motivational enhancement interviewing or therapy, have been suggested. An especially effective method would be motivation enhancement treatment (MET) due to since it is a client-centered approach and enhances self-efficacy based decisional balance. The major techniques of MET are feedback, responsibility, advice about changing, menu of change options, empathic counseling, self efficacy. The success factors for MET are sit squarely, open posture, lean toward patient, eye contact, relax posture. However, scientific accumulation of research results on the benefit of counseling for problematic drinking in Korea is still insufficient to provide the evidence for above treatment techniques.
Alcohol Drinking ; Cinnarizine ; Counseling ; Crime ; Drinking ; Eye ; Eyeglasses ; Female ; Glass ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Diseases ; Male ; Motivation ; Posture ; Public Health ; Self Efficacy

The purpose of this study was to develop species-specific real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) primers for use in the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. These primers were designed based on the nucleotide sequences of the RNA polymerase beta-subunit gene (rpoB). We assessed the specificity of the primers against nine strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans, eight strains (three species) of the Haemophilus genus, and 40 strains of 40 other oral bacterial species. Primer sensitivity was determined by testing serial dilutions of the purified genomic DNAs of A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 33384T. Our data reveal that we had obtained species-specific amplicons for all of the tested A. actinomycetemcomitans strains, and that none of these amplicons occurred in any of the other species. Our PCR protocol proved able to detect as little as 2 fg of A. actinomycetemcomitans chromosomal DNA. Our findings suggest that these qRT-PCR primers are suitable for application in epidemiological studies.
Base Sequence ; Cinnarizine ; DNA ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases ; Haemophilus ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of angioedema associated with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in an outpatient allergy department. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of new patients seen in an allergy clinic. Demographic and clinical data of patients with ACEI-induced angioedema were analyzed. RESULTS: Nine (0.37%) out of 2,421 new patients attending the allergy clinic developed ACEI-associated angioedema. Enalapril was the drug most frequently incriminated. The onset of the angioedema was as early as after the first dose or as late as 2 years after beginning treatment. Six patients experienced life-threatening angioedema involving the tongue, oropharynx, or larynx, and two patients required transfer to the intensive care unit. One patient required a tracheostomy. CONCLUSIONS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment is often responsible for angioedema, especially involving the upper airways. Due to the high proportion of the population exposed to ACEIs and to the severity of this adverse effect, it is important that physicians consider ACEIs as possible inducers when evaluating patients with acute or recurrent angioedema.
Angioedema ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Bradykinin ; Captopril ; Cinnarizine ; Enalapril ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Larynx ; Medical Records ; Oropharynx ; Outpatients ; Retrospective Studies ; Tongue ; Tracheostomy