Adolescent ; Ciliary Body ; pathology ; surgery ; Cysts ; surgery ; Glare ; Humans ; Male ; Neodymium ; chemistry ; Yttrium ; chemistry

PURPOSE: To report a case involving an unexpected increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) and acute angle closure after oral administration of methazolamide. CASE SUMMARY: A 38-year-old male visited the emergency department complaining of decreased visual acuity (VA) and ocular pain. These symptoms developed after he took two tablets of 50 mg methazolamide because his IOP was above normal after a short course of systemic steroid treatment. His uncorrected VA dropped to 0.04 and the refractive error was −6.5 diopters in both eyes. The anterior chamber was very shallow, and the IOPs were 46 mmHg in the right eye and 42 mmHg in the left eye. Macular retinal folds were observed in both eyes in infrared fundus images. The patient was instructed not to take methazolamide, which was suspected as the cause of this idiosyncratic drug reaction. He was prescribed topical anti-glaucoma medications and cycloplegics to relieve the acute angle closure, and all symptoms disappeared after these treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Methazolamide is a sulfa derivative like topiramate, which can cause acute angle closure involving edema of the ciliary body and anterior displacement of the lens-iris diaphragm. Clinicians should consider this possible IOP increase before prescribing methazolamide.
Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Ciliary Body ; Diaphragm ; Edema ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Male ; Methazolamide* ; Mydriatics ; Refractive Errors ; Retinaldehyde ; Tablets ; Visual Acuity

Adult ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Ciliary Body ; pathology ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors, the ciliary body anatomy structures, the therapeutic methods and the prognosis for malignant glaucoma through retrospectively collecting the clinical data from primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients. METHODS: Clinical data in 1183 patients (1456 eyes) with PACG were collected between July, 2010 and May, 2014 from Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Thirty patients (38 eyes) were diagnosed as malignant glaucoma. According to symptom, these patients were divided into a PACG group (1418 eyes) and a malignant glaucoma group (38 eyes); according to age, they were divided into a 3-40 years old group (171 eyes), a 41-70 years old group (1016 eyes) and a ≥71 years old group (269 eyes); according to therapeutic methods, they were divided into a drug therapy group (5 eyes), a lens extraction group (6 eyes) and a vitrectomy surgery group (27 eyes); according to the different method of surgery, they were divided into a vitrectomy group (27 eyes), a nonvitrectomy group (11 eyes). The age, sex, anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length (AL), lens thickness (LT), visual acuity, intraocular pressure, therapeutic methods and surgery history were recorded. Meanwhile, the ciliary body thickness (CBT), trabecular ciliary process angle (TCA) and lens diameter were measured by ultrsound biomicroscopy (UBM). RESULTS: Male and female ratio was 1:2 in the malignant glaucoma group. The average age [(51.87±12.92) years] in the malignant glaucoma group was less than that in the PACG group [(57.87±8.78) years](P<0.05). Malignant glaucoma was more likely to occur in the first 3 months after PACG trabeculectomy with a rate of 85.7%. The LT [(4.33±0.67) mm], AL[(21.44±1.18) mm] and ACD [(2.12±0.41) mm] in the malignant glaucoma group were less than those in the PACG group [(4.81±0.50), (22.17±0.97) and (2.49±0.48) mm, respectively](all P<0.05). The CBT0, CBT1, CBTmax, TCA and lens diameter in the malignant glaucoma group were less than those in the PACG group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION Female PACG patients, with short axial length, shallow anterior chamber, thin lens, thin ciliary body, small trabecular ciliary process angle and short lens diameter, are more likely to suffer from malignant glaucoma. Vitrectomy can significantly reduce intraocular pressure.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ciliary Body ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lens, Crystalline ; anatomy & histology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Tonometry, Ocular ; Trabeculectomy ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: In this study, we examined the stability of the lens-angle supporter (LAS) for accommodation restoration by comparing intraocular lens (IOL) location, after-cataract and ciliary body damage after cataract surgery in rabbits. METHODS: Eight rabbits were divided into experimental and control groups of four rabbits each. Phacoemulsification and irrigation and aspiration were performed in all rabbits. This was followed by an LAS and IOL insertion in the four experimental rabbits. In the four control rabbits, only an IOL insertion was performed. Six months after the surgery, the location of the IOL, the conditions of the lens capsule and ciliary body were evaluated using a slitl-amp examination and Miyake-Apple view. RESULTS: For the experimental group, the ultrasound biomicroscope results showed normal LAS and IOL positioning in all four cases. According to the slitlamp examination and Miyake-Apple view, the IOL was positioned at the center, with less after-cataract and damage to the ciliary body. For the control group, ultrasound biomicroscope results indicated a higher IOL position than normal, as well as a single case of IOL decentering. According to the slit-lamp examination and Miyake-Apple view, the IOL was decentered with more severe after-cataract and ciliary body damage. CONCLUSIONS: The LAS has the potential to maintain a stable IOL position while producing less after-cataract when used in lens-angle reconstruction for correction of presbyopia. Moreover, LAS implantation incurs less damage to the ciliary body.
Accommodation, Ocular/physiology ; Animals ; Anterior Eye Segment ; Ciliary Body/injuries ; Disease Models, Animal ; Eye Injuries/*surgery ; Lens Capsule, Crystalline/*surgery ; *Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; *Phacoemulsification ; Rabbits ; *Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

PURPOSE: To report a case of melanocytoma originating from the iris observed for the first time in Korea. CASE SUMMARY: A 53-year-old female with an unexpected iris mass was referred to our clinic. A round, 2.5 mm x 3.5 mm-sized iris mass was found on slit lamp examination in the 12 o'clock area of the patient's left eye. The mass was densely pigmented and had a smooth surface. Gonioscopy showed the mass had reached the peripheral cornea frontward and the lens backward. An excisional biopsy was performed for diagnosis. After the operation, a gonioscopic examination showed an intact ciliary body behind the surgical margin of the iris. A melancytoma of the iris was observed on subsequent histopathological examination. The patient has remained symptom-free with no iris mass recurrence since the operation. CONCLUSIONS: A few cases of iris melanocytomas have been reported worldwide but not in Korea. We confirmed a case of melanocytoma originating from the iris for the first time in Korea.
Biopsy ; Ciliary Body ; Cornea ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gonioscopy ; Humans ; Iris* ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of the Chinese medicine Jinmaitong Capsule (, JMT) on the pathomorphology of sciatic nerves, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and the mRNA expressions of CNTF in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (STZ-DM).

METHODSThe animal model was established by one time intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The rats were simply divided by random into 5 groups including model group, low-dose JMT group (JL), medium-dose JMT group (JM), high-dose JMT group (JH) and neurotropin group. For each of the above 5 groups, a group of 10 normal Wistar rats matched in body weight, age and gender were set as normal group. Intragastric administrations were started after the animal model established. The JL group were administered with five times the JMT dose recommended for a human adult; the JM group were administered with ten times the JMT dose recommended for a human adult; the JH group were administered with twenty times the JMT dose recommended for a human adult. The neurotropin group was administered with ten times the neurotropin dose recommended for a human adult. All rats were given intragastric administration for 16 weeks and then killed. In the 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th week, body weight and blood glucose level were detected before and after the intervention. The morphologic changes of the sciatic nerves were observed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. The CNTFmRNA expressions were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain protein, and the CNTF protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSThe blood glucose levels of the STZ-DM rats were much higher than normal group (P<0.01), and there was no apparent difference between any treatment groups and the model group (P>0.05). Before and after the intervention in the 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th week, there were no significant differences in the body weight among all the groups (P>0.05). The sciatic nerves of STZ-DM rats might have pathomorphological changes in axons, myelin sheaths, and interstitium. The levels of CNTF and CNTF-mRNA expressions in the STZ-DM rats were both significantly decreased (P<0.01). The sciatic nerves of STZ-DM rats might have pathomorphological changes in axons, myelin sheaths, and interstitium.

CONCLUSIONJMT could improve the pathomorphology of sciatic nerves by increasing CNTF's and CNTF-mRNA expressions in sciatic nerve tissues, and promote the repair and regeneration of damaged nerve fibers.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; drug effects ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sciatic Nerve ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact of combination use of prostaglandin analogue and cholinergic agonists on main matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) synthesized by albino rabbit ciliary muscle.

METHODSNormal adult albino rabbits were divided into the control group, 2% pilocarpine group, 0.004% travoprost group and travoprost plus pilocarpine group. Two rabbits in the control group were executed after treated with normal saline for one day. Two rabbits were separately executed on the 7th, 14th and 24th day of the treatment in each drug treated group. In each subgroup ciliary muscle band of 4 eyes was taken and made into homogenate. The MMPs activities of 10 subgroups were assayed by zymography. Bands' intensity which represents the activity of MMPs was measured by the UltraViolet Illumination system.

RESULTSA bright band of MMP-1/2 was showed on each lane at the position corresponding to the molecular weight of 62 kD in the ciliary smooth muscles electrophoresis. When ion Zn and Ca was displaced by MMPs inhibitor EDTA, this bright band disappeared. Compared with the control group, MMP1/2 activity increased by 4.0%, 4.1% and 14.0% after 7, 14 and 24 days of pilocarpine treatment. Corresponding data was 23.2%, 61.7% and 111.5% in the travoprost group and 49.3%, 68.0% and 88.4% in the travoprost plus pilocarpine group.

CONCLUSIONSPilocarpine has little effect on activity of MMP1/2. Travoprost can increase activity of MMP1/2 gradually. Activity of MMP1/2 is rapidly increased by pilocarpine combined with travoprost, but shows small change with the prolonged treatment.

Animals ; Ciliary Body ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Cloprostenol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; biosynthesis ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; biosynthesis ; Muscle, Smooth ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Pilocarpine ; pharmacology ; Pilot Projects ; Rabbits ; Travoprost

BACKGROUNDCyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) could activate chloride channels in bovine ciliary body and trigger an increase in the ionic current (short-circuit current, Isc) across the ciliary processes in pigs. The purpose of this study was to investigate how cAMP modulates Isc in isolated human ciliary processes and the possible involvement of chloride transport across the tissue in cAMP-induced Isc change.

METHODSIn an Ussing-type chamber system, the Isc changes induced by the cAMP analogue 8-bromo-cAMP and an adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin in isolated human ciliary processes were assessed. The involvement of Cl(-) component in the bath solution was investigated. The effect of Cl(-) channel (10 µmol/L niflumic acid and 1 mmol/L 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS)), K(+) channel (10 mmol/L tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA)), or Na(+) channel blockers (1 mmol/L amiloride) on 8-bromo-cAMP-induced Isc change was also studied.

RESULTSDose-dependently, 8-bromo-cAMP (10 nmol/L-30 µmol/L) or forskolin (10 nmol/L-3 µmol/L) increased Isc across the ciliary processes with an increase in negative potential difference on the non-pigmented epithelium (NPE) side of the tissue. Isc increase induced by 8-bromo-cAMP was more pronounced when the drug was applied on the NPE side than on the pigmented epithelium side. When the tissue was bathed in low Cl(-) solutions, the Isc increase was significantly inhibited. Finally, niflumic acid and DIDS, but not TEA or amiloride, significantly prevented the Isc increase induced by 8-bromo-cAMP.

CONCLUSIONScAMP stimulates stroma-to-aqueous anionic transport in isolated human ciliary processes. Chloride is likely to be among the ions, the transportation of which across the tissue is triggered by cAMP, suggesting the potential role of cAMP in the process of aqueous humor formation in human eyes.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ; pharmacology ; Chloride Channels ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Ciliary Body ; drug effects ; physiology ; Colforsin ; pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP ; physiology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Potassium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Sodium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology

PURPOSE: To evaluate the expression patterns of F4/80 and nestin in the ciliary body and the optic nerve following N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced retinal degeneration in adult mice. METHODS: After intraperitoneal injection of MNU (60 mg/kg) in adult mice, the eyes were enucleated at 2, 4, 7 and 30 days. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) stain and immunohistochemical stains of F/80 and nestin were performed. RESULTS: After MNU treatment, the photoreceptors were destroyed by cell apoptosis. According to immunohistochemistry, F4/80 and nestin were not co-expressed in the control group, but F4/80 was expressed within the ciliary body and optic nerve in the MNU-treated group; the expression of nestin also increased. In the outer nuclear layer, F4/80 and nestin co-expressing cells were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In response to retinal damage, the F4/80 and nestin co-expressing cells migrated to the retina from the ciliary body and optic nerve and were activated.
Adult ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Ciliary Body ; Coloring Agents ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Eye ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; Methylnitrosourea ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Optic Nerve ; Retina ; Retinal Degeneration ; Retinaldehyde