With the optimization of surgical technologies and postoperative management regimens, the number of lung transplantation has been significantly increased, which has become an important treatment for patients with end-stage lung disease. However, due to the impact of comprehensive factors, such as bronchial ischemia and immunosuppression, the incidence of airway stenosis after lung transplantation is relatively high, which severely affects postoperative survival and quality of life of lung transplant recipients. In recent years, with the improvement of perioperative management, organ preservation and surgical technologies, the incidence of airway stenosis after lung transplantation has been declined, but it remains at a high level. Early diagnosis and timely intervention play a significant role in enhancing clinical prognosis of patients with airway stenosis. In this article, the general conditions, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of airway stenosis after lung transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for comprehensive management of airway stenosis after lung transplantation and improving clinical prognosis of lung transplant recipients.

Objective By population survey,to explore the epidemiological characteristics of gastric precancerous lesions in Lishui District of Nanjing and provide objective basis for the prevention and treatment of early gastric cancer.Methods From July 2021 to December 2022,21 977 patients who received endoscopy and/or 13C-UBT in Lishui District People's Hospital and 6 medical community units in Nanjing City were retrospectively analyzed for demography characteristics,detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions,and H.Pylori infection rate.Results(1)590 cases of gastric precancerous lesions were detected(detection rate 2.68%);(2)The total detection rate of precancerous lesions and three pathological types in males were all higher than those in females(all P<0.001);(3)The minimum age for the total detection rate of precancerous lesions in males and the mini-mum age for each pathological type were lower than in females(P<0.001,0.009,0.005,0.002);(4)The popu-lation total H.pylori infection rate was 23.10%,the H.pylori infection rate in patients with precancerous lesions was higher than that in non-precancerous lesions(P<0.001),both H.pylori infection rate of male and female in precancerous lesions were all higher than those of non-precancerous lesions of the same sex(all P<0.001),in addition,the H.pylori infection rate of male whether in precancerous or non-precancerous lesions was higher than that of female(all P<0.001);(5)The precancerous lesions detection rate in male,female,and the overall age range of 20～29 to 70～79 years is positively correlated with age growth(P<0.001),and rapidly decreases after the age of 79,the of H.pylori infection rate was also positively correlated with age growth(P<0.001),and the trend of age change(P<0.001)was parallel to the precancerous lesions detection rate.Conclusions The detec-tion rate of gastric precancerous lesions in this region is above the average level in China;the total H.pylori infec-tion rate is at a relatively low level in China;the H.pylori infection rate is parallel to the age trend of the detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions,and increases with age.

Amplifying "eat me signal" during tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD) cascade is crucial for tumor immunotherapy. Inspired by the indispensable role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP, a necessary "eat me signal" for ICD), a versatile ICD amplifier was developed for chemotherapy-sensitized immunotherapy. Doxorubicin (DOX), ATP and ferrous ions (Fe²⁺) were co-assembled into nanosized amplifier (ADO-Fe) through π‒π stacking and coordination effect. Meanwhile, phenylboric acid-polyethylene glycol-phenylboric acid (PBA-PEG-PBA) was modified on the surface of ADO-Fe (denoted as PADO-Fe) by the virtue of d-ribose unit of ATP. PADO-Fe could display active targetability against tumor cells via sialic acid/PBA interaction. In acidic microenvironment, PBA-PEG-PBA would dissociate from amplifier. Moreover, high H₂O₂ concentration would induce hydroxyl radical (·OH) and oxygen (O₂) generation through Fenton reaction by Fe²⁺. DOX and ATP would be released from the amplifier, which could induce ICD effect and "ICD adjuvant" to amplify this process. Together with programmed death ligands 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, PADO-Fe could not only activate immune response against primary tumor, but also strong abscopal effect against distant tumor. Our simple and multifunctional ICD amplifier opens a new window for enhancing ICD effect and immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Objective:To explore the prognostic factors of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS).Methods:The clinical and pathological data of patients with stage Ⅲc-Ⅳ EOC underwent surgical treatment in Sichuan Cancer Center from January 1st, 2014 to December 31th, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and the prognosis was followed up.Results:(1) A total of 216 EOC patients were included in the study, whose age was (52.1±8.7) years old, the median follow-up time was 44.6 months (17.2-80.1 months), the median progression free survival (PFS) was 11.1 months (8.5-13.8 months), and the median overall survival (OS) was 40.0 months (32.7-47.3 months). (2) Among 216 patients with advanced EOC, there were 75 cases in the primary debulking surgery (PDS) group and 141 cases in the NACT+IDS group. Compared with the PDS group, the serum CA 125 level before treatment (median: 859.4 vs 1 371.0 kU/L), proportion of stage Ⅳ patients [5.3% (4/75) vs 23.4% (33/144)] and no visible residual disease (R0) cytoreduction rate in the NACT+IDS group were significantly higher [(41.3% (31/75) vs 61.7% (87/144); all P<0.05]. The median PFS in the NACT+IDS group was significantly shorter than that of the PDS group (9.1 vs 15.2 months; χ2=7.014, P=0.008), but there was no significant difference in the median OS between the two groups (42.6 vs 38.0 months; χ2=1.325, P=0.250). (3) Univariate analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), preoperative serum CA 125 level, surgical-pathological stage, NACT effect, postoperative residual tumor size, time to initiation of postoperative chemotherapy and chemotherapy regimen were significantly correlated with PFS in the NACT+IDS group (all P<0.05); preoperative serum CA 125 level, surgical-pathological stage, NACT effect, postoperative residual tumor size, postoperative chemotherapy regimen were significantly related with OS in the NACT+IDS group (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that BMI, postoperative residual tumor size, time to initiation of postoperative chemotherapy were independent factors of PFS in the NACT+IDS group (all P<0.05); preoperative serum CA 125 level, surgical-pathological stage, postoperative residual tumor size were independent factors of OS in the NACT+IDS group (all P<0.05). The results showed that the PFS of patients with normal preoperative serum CA 125 level and (or) chemotherapy ≤7 days after IDS was longer, while no significant difference comparable with those in the PDS group ( P>0.05), and OS was also showing an prolonged trend, but the difference was also not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Normal CA 125 before IDS and time received chemotherapy no longer than 7 days after IDS are two related factors of prognosis benefit in advance EOC patients treated with NACT+IDS. Therefore, timely adjustment of the dose and regimen of NACT to reduce CA 125 level to normal range in about three cycles before IDS, and strengthen IDS perioperative management to promote postoperative recovery and perform chemotherapy as soon as possible might help to improve the prognosis of patients.

In December 2019, a number of cases of pneumonia with unknown causes were successively reported in multiple hospitals in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The pathogen is a novel coronavirus, which can lead to novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) and even threaten the patients' lives. In the following, the COVID-19 epidemic is spreading rapidly in many provinces and cities. It is particularly important to summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients and to optimize the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment strategies. Therefore, we organized Chinese experts in the field of organ transplantation to draft this article according to the characteristics of lung infection of SOT recipients and the characteristics of current COVID-19 by referring to relevant guidelines and specifications at home and abroad, aiming to provide reference for transplant physicians in China. This management strategy will be revised at any time with the deepening understanding of the COVID-19 infection.

Objective: To identify the risk factors for early fluid overload(FO)following repair in the pediatric patients with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) complicated with moderate or severe left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]<50%) and evaluate the effect on clinical outcomes. Methods: Forty-three pediatric patients with ALCAPA complicated with moderate or severe left ventricular dysfunction, aged 2-128 months, weighing 4.5-34.5 kg, with New York Heart Association Ⅲ or Ⅳ, undergoing ALCAPA repair, were enrolled in this study.The pediatric patients were divided into FO≥5% group (n=14) and FO<5% group (n=29) according to the FO developed within 24 h after operation. The pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage Renal Disease criterion was used to diagnose acute kidney injury developed after operation. Factors including age, height, weight, preoperative LVEF, preoperative biomarkers, operative data, postoperative ventilation time, duration of intensive care unit(ICU)stay and related postoperative clinical outcome parameters were recorded.The risk factors of which P values were less than 0.05 would enter the multivariate logistic regression analysis to stratify the risk factors for FO≥5% developed within 24 h after operation.The effect of FO≥5% on postoperative severe acute kidney injury (Injury and Failure), ventilation time, duration of ICU stay and etc. was assessed. Results: Fourteen cases developed early postoperative FO≥5%, and the incidence was 33%.The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that lower preoperative LVEF was an independent risk factor for early postoperative FO≥5% (P<0.05). Compared with FO<5% group, the postoperative ventilation time and duration of ICU stay were significantly prolonged, the number of pediatric patients who developed pulmonary infection and required reintubation was increased, the number of pediatric patients in whom duration of ICU stay was more than 14 days was increased (P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the other parameters of clinical outcomes in FO≥5% group (P>0.05). Conclusion Lower preoperative LVEF is a risk factor for early postoperative FO in pediatric patients with ALCAPA complicated with a moderate or severe left ventricular dysfunction undergoing repair, and it is not helpful for clinical outcomes in pediatric patients when postoperative early FO≥5% occurs.

Objective To investigate the plasma protein concentration of S100B protein,hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau) and β-amyloid (Aβ1-42) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and prevention of cognitive dysfunction of RA patients.Methods The subjects were consisted of three groups:RA patients with MCI,RA patients with normal cognitive function (NC) and healthy controls.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)was used to test patients' cognitive function,generalized anxiety disorder scale-7 (GAD-7) scale and 9-item patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to exclude anxiety and depression of RA patients.The concentration of S100B protein,P-tau protein and Aβ1-42 protein in plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the correlation among the concentration of S100B protein,P-tau protein and MoCA scores was analyzed by Pearson's chi-squared test.Results ① Cognitive scores showed that some RA patients had MCI.② The plasma levels of S100B (F=11.81,P＜0.05),P-tau (F=3.3,P＜0.05) protein in RA patients with MCI were higher than that in NC RA patients and the control group (P＜0.05).③ The clinical index analysis showed that the concentration of C reactive protein (CRP) in RA patients with MCI was higher than that in NC RA patients and healthy control,the difference was statistically significant (t=6.44,P＜0.05).④The levels of plasma P-tau (r=-0.539,P＜0.05),S100B (r=-0.346,P＜0.05),CRP (r=-0.358,P＜0.05) protein were negatively correlated with cognitive scores (P＜0.05).Conclusion CRP,S100B protein and P-tau protein are associated with the pathogenesis of RA patients with MCI.The consequences of plasma concentration test can be com-bined with cognitive assessment questionnaire to provide reference for clinical diagnosis of RA patients with MCI.

The formation of physique was influenced by many factors and was closely related to the disease, especially by the social and cultural factors. According to the characteristics of physique, physique conditioning was conducive to rehabilitation of the disease. It was also the internal evidence for individualized treatment of rehabilitation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) rehabilitation advocated functional rehabilitation as the main treatment purpose. Attentions were paid to promoteqi circulation. The psychological characteristics of the rehabilitation subject were especially emphasized on, in order to improve the therapeutic effect of rehabilitation. There were many classifications of physical evaluations, which were widely used in a variety of clinical diseases rehabilitation. The pathological physique correction and adjustment cannot be ignored in rehabilitation. Therefore, the application of physical evaluation in the guidance of rehabilitation therapy can enrich the content of TCM rehabilitation evaluation. It further improved TCM physical evaluation system to meet the needs for clinical practice and TCM modernization.

Objective To explore the application of time-division reservation on outpatient management in nurse station .Methods We collected the data of online registration and on-the-spot reservation system in hematology outpatient department during the period of October 1 to December 31,2013, and compared attendance rate of reservation between two methods .Results The attendance rate of reservation in the spot in nurse station was 94.57%, which was higher than the attendance of online reservation (71.64%) (χ2 =601.96;P<0.05). Conclusions Time-division reservation in nurse station is an effective method to promote patient ’ s attendance rate and reduced non-attendance.

Objective To investigate the effects of tetrandrine on myocardial hypertrophy in renohypertensive rats and its possible mechanism.Methods The myocardial hypertrophy models were established in two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C)renovascular hypertensive rats.Before renal artery constriction,all the rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=15 per group):(1) the sham-operated control group; (2) the 2K1C renohypertensive group; (3) the tetrandrine group,the two-kidney-one-clip renohypertensive rats were treated with tetrandrine at a dose of 50 ml/kg · d-1 from the post-operated 5th week; (4) the enapril group,the two-kidney-one-clip renohypertensive rats were treated with enapril at a dose of 6 ml/kg· d-1 from the post-operated 5th week.The standard tail-cuff method was used to measure blood pressure in conscious rats.After drug treatment for 8 weeks,the rats were killed and left ventricle was obtained to measure the ratio of left ventricle weight to body weight (LVW/BW),myocardial angiotensin Ⅱ content,and mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β).Results Compared with shamgroup[(14.90±3.31)kPa; (1.89±0.27)mg/g; (27.38±7.10)pg/mg; (0.72±0.10)and(0.65±0.10)fold of GAPDH expression],the untreated 2K1C renohypertensive rats exhibited a significant increase in blood pressure [(23.53 ± 3.40) kPa],LVW/BW [(2.83 ± 0.40) mg/g],angiotensin Ⅱ content [(43.51 ± 7.37) pg/mg],and mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β [(1.47 ± 0.14) and (1.07 ± 0.11) fold of GAPDH expression].Treatment with tetradrine significantly attenuated the increase in blood pressure [(15.81 ± 3.12) kPa] and LVW/BW [(1.94 ±0.31) mg/g],angiotensin Ⅱ content [(31.31 ± 6.69) pg/mg],and mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β [(0.76 ±0.11) and (0.63 ± 0.09) fold of GAPDH expression].Conclusion Long-term related to its inhibition of local production or release of angiotensin Ⅱ and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in the myocardium of renohypertensive rats.