Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.

Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.

Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.

Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.

Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.

Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.

Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.

Objective:To summarize the main practices and experiences of the Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services in the US.to pay for artificial intelligence(AI),which can provide references for the formulation of health insurance payment policies in China.Methods:Based on the literature study,it systematically analyzed the payment mechanism and typical cases of AI pay-ment in the US.Results:The US.has established four payment mechanisms for AI used in inpatient,outpatient and physician ser-vices,and set clear criteria for inclusion and payment,which has facilitated the clinical use of AI.Conclusion:It is suggested that China establish the payment mechanism for AI,focus on the clinical benefits of AI,and be alert of the overuse of AI.

Objective To study the safety and efficacy of peroral endoscopic cardial constriction (PECC) for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods A total of 27 patients with GERD who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from August 2016 to December 2017 and met the inclusion criteria received PECC. The 24 h esophageal pH-resistance monitoring ( DeMeester ) scores, GERD health-related quality of life ( GERD-HRQL ) scores, GERD-questionnaires ( GERD-Q ) symptom scores and clinical efficacy before and after operation were compared. Results DeMeester score at 3 months ( Z=-6. 940, P=0. 001) and 6 months ( Z=-6. 307, P=0. 001) after treatment, GERD-HRQL score at 3 months ( t=11. 499, P=0. 001) and 6 months ( t=10. 959, P=0. 001) as well as GERD-Q symptom score at 3 months ( t=30. 647, P=0. 001) and 6 months ( t=27. 217, P =0. 001) after surgery significantly decreased, compared with those before. The curative rates were 81. 5％ ( 22/27) and 77. 8％(21/27) at 3 months and 6 months after operation. Conclusion PECC, a new method for the treatment of GERD with good short-term effect, safety and feasibility,can be recommended for clinical application.

Childhood obesity and obesity-related metabolic complications are induced by a high-fat postnatal diet.The lack of a suitable animal model,however,remains a considerable challenge in obesity studies.In the current study,we provided high-fat diet (HFD) to dams during lactation and to pups after weaning.We also developed a novel model of C57BL/6J mouse pups with HFD-induced postnatal obesity.Results showed that feeding with HFD induces fat deposition and obesity in pups.Furthermore,HFD more potently increased the body weight (BW) of male than female pups.HFD-fed female pups were obese,underwent precocious puberty,and showed increased kisspeptin expression in the hypothalamus.However,parental obesity and precocious puberty exerted no synergistic effects on the HFD-induced postnatal weight gain and puberty onset of the pups.Interestingly,some HFD-fed litters with normal BW also exhibited precocious puberty.This finding suggested that diet composition but not BW triggers puberty onset.Our model suggests good construction validity of obesity and precocious puberty.Furthermore,our model can also be used to explore the mutual interactions between diet-induced postnatal childhood obesity and puberty.