Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) comes from tumor, reflecting the genetic information of the tumor well, and will change with the progress of tumor. In recent years, the unique capabilities of ctDNA have attracted much attention and been widely studied. In this paper, based on the summary of the source, properties and sample processing of ctDNA, its detection technology and application in cancer diagnosis and treatment are reviewed. The roles and importance of ctDNA reference material in second-generation sequencing are described. The urgency of establishing uniform standards and specifications of ctDNA in various processes, such as samples collection, storage, quantitative testing and data analysis, has been pointed out.

Molecular imprinting is a biomimetic technique that simulates the specific recognition of biological macromolecules such as antibody. Based on molecular imprinting and high-specificity affinity analysis,the biomimetic imprinting affinity analysis (BIA) possesses many advantages such as high sensitivity,strong tolerance,good specificity and low cost,and thus,it has shown excellent prospects in food safety detection,pharmaceutical analysis and environmental pollution monitoring. In this review,the construction methods of recognition interfaces for BIA were summarized,including bulk polymerization,electro-polymerization and surface molecular imprinting. The application of molecularly imprinted polymers in different analysis methods,such as radiolabeled affinity analysis,enzyme-labeled affinity analysis,fluorescence-labeled affinity analysis,chemiluminescence affinity analysis and electrochemical immunosensor was mainly discussed. Furthermore,the challenges and future development trends of BIA in practical application were elucidated. This review might provide new reference ideas and technical supports for the further development of BIA technique.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and chitosanase 3-like protein 1(CHI3L1)in colon cancer tissue and the prognosis of patients after radical surgery.Methods A total of 152 patients who underwent radical colon cancer surgery in our hospital from January 2017 to May 2018 were collected and divided into the good prognosis group(n=97)and the poor prognosis group(n=47)according to the 5-year survival status after surgery.Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect the expression levels of TLR4 and CHI3L1 in colon cancer tissues and adjacent tissues;the correlation between the expression of TLR4 and CHI3L1 in colon cancer tissue and the prognosis of patients was analyzed,and the influencing factors for prognosis of colon cancer patients were analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of TLR4 and CHI3L1 in colon cancer tissues were obviously higher than those in adjacent tissues(P<0.05).The expression of TLR4 in colon cancer tissue was related to the degree of tumor differentiation,clinical staging,and lymph node metastasis of colon cancer patients(P<0.05),the expression of CHI3L1 was related to the tumor diameter,degree of tumor differentiation,clinical staging,and lymph node metastasis of colon cancer patients(P<0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the poor prognosis group had higher proportions of patients with poorly differentiated tumor,clinical stageⅢ,lymph node metastasis,and positive expression of TLR4 and CHI3L1(P<0.05).The 5-year survival rate of patient with TLR4 positive expression was 60.38%,which was lower than that of 86.84% of patients with TLR4 negative expression(χ2=9.104,P<0.05);the 5-year survival rate of patients with CHI3L1 positive expression was 58.06%,which was lower than that of 84.31% of patients with CHI3L1 negative expression(χ2=10.935,P<0.05).The positive expression of TLR4 and CHI3L1,poorly differentiated tumor,clinical stage Ⅲ,and lymph node metastasis were the independent risk factors for the prognosis of colon cancer patients(P<0.05).Conclusion TLR4 and CHI3L1 are related to the occurrence and clinicopathological features of colon cancer,and the positive expression of TLR4 and CHI3L1 in colon cancer tissues is not conducive to the prognosis of patients,so both of them are expected to become clinical treatment targets.

Eleven compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the stems of Dendrobium officinale after water extraction by various modern chromatographic techniques, such as silica gel column chromatography(CC), octadecyl-silica(ODS) CC, Sephadex LH-20 CC, preparative thin layer chromatography(PTLC) and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(PHPLC). According to spectroscopic analyses(MS, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR) combined with optical rotation data and calculated electronic circular dichroism(ECD), their structures were identified as dendrocandin Y(1), 4,4'-dihydroxybibenzyl(2), 3-hydroxy-4',5-dimethoxybibenzyl(3), 3,3'-dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl(4), 3-hydroxy-3',4',5-trimethoxybibenzyl(5), crepidatin(6), alternariol(7), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxypropiophenone(8), 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxypropiophenone(9), auriculatum A(10) and hyperalcohol(11). Among them, compound 1 was a new bibenzyl derivative; compounds 2 and 7-11 have not been previously reported from Dendrobium plants; compound 6 was reported from D.officinale for the first time. Compounds 3-6 exhibited potent antioxidant activity with IC_(50) values of 3.11-9.05 μmol·L~(-1) in ABTS radical scavenging assay. Compound 4 showed significant inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, with IC_(50) value of 17.42 μmol·L~(-1), indicating that it boasted hypoglycemic activity.
Dendrobium ; Biological Assay ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Bibenzyls

To investigate the correlation of serum long noncoding RNA-metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1(LncRNA MALAT1) and serum amyloid A(SAA) with diabetic kidney disease. Retrospective research was used, and 40 patients with type 2 diabetes and 80 patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients who were treated in Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital from August 2021 to February 2022 were selected, and 40 healthy subjects were selected during the same period. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect serum LncRNA MALAT1. SAA were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Automatic biochemistry analyzer was used to detect serum creatinine (CREA) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),automatic blood glucose analyzer to detect serum fasting plasma glucose (FPG), automatic glycated hemoglobin analyzer to detect hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), and automatic immunoassay analyzer to detect urinary albumin to creatinine ratio(UACR). Differences between groups were compared by t test and analysis of variance. Pearson analysis was used to analyze the correlation between MALAT1, SAA and other indicators. Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) was used to evaluate the auxiliary diagnostic value of MALAT1 and SAA for diabetic kidney disease. The results showed that MALAT1 and SAA in the diabetic kidney disease with mass albuminuria group were higher than those in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group (q=8.57, P<0.01; q=11.09, P<0.01) and the diabetic kidney disease with microalbuminuria group (q=3.96, P<0.05; q=7.85, P<0.01). MALAT1 had a high correlation with UACR, CREA, SAA, HbA1c and FPG (r value was 0.706, 0.643, 0.578, 0.553, and 0.524, all P<0.01), and SAA had a high correlation with UACR, HbA1c and FPG (r value was 0.664, 0.617, and 0.595, all P<0.01). ROC curve analysis of the diagnostic value of LncRNA MALAT1 and protein SAA for diabetic kidney disease showed that the areas under curve (AUC) were 0.741 and 0.744, respectively. The combined diagnostic value of the two was the greatest (AUC=0.801). In summary, MALAT1 and SAA were elevated in the serum of patients with type 2 diabetes. Their concentrations in the serum of group with diabetic kidney disease were higher than that in the type 2 diabetes group, and the serum concentrations of MALAT1 and SAA in group with mass albuminuria are higher than the group with microalbuminuria. MALAT1 and SAA were both closely related to UACR and HbA1c, and there is a correlation between them. Both of them may have ancillary diagnostic value for diabetic kidney disease.
Humans ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diabetic Nephropathies/urine* ; Retrospective Studies ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Serum Amyloid A Protein ; Albuminuria

Objective:Through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian rapamycin target protein （mTOR） signaling pathway， explore the effect of Zhigancao Tang on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury（MIRI）The role and mechanism of arrhythmia（ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation）. Method:The 72 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group，model group， Zhigancao Tang low，medium and high dose group（11.43，22.86，45.72 g·kg^-1），Wenxin granule group（2.43 g·kg^-1），continuous drug intervention for 10 days. Two hours after the last administration，the MIRI model of rat was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery，and the changes of electrocardiogram were recorded. After successful modeling，blood and heart tissue were collected to detect the content of creatine creatine（CK），lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）and aspartate aminotransferase（AST）in the serum, the enzyme-linked immunoassay（ELISA） method was used to detect cardiac troponin（CtnI）content, immunohistochemical detection of myocardial PI3K，Akt，mTOR expression. Western blot was used to detect the myocardial autophagy-related protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3（LC-3），autophagy markers Beclin1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway related protein expression and phosphorylated p-PI3K，p-Akt，p-mTOR levels. Result:In model group， 100% of ventricular tachycardia and 91.67% of ventricular fibrillation occurred. Compared with sham operation group， the serum levels of CK，LDH，AST，and CtnI in the model group were significantly increased（P<0.01），PI3K，Akt，mTOR AOD values in myocardial tissue were significantly increased （P<0.01），the relative expression of the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and Beclin1 was significantly increased（P<0.01），p-PI3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt，and p-mTOR/mTOR were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the incidence of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in the high-dose Zhigancao Tang group was significantly reduced （P<0.01），and the duration was the shortest compared with other administration groups（P<0.01）， CK，LDH，AST level and CtnI content were significantly reduced（P<0.01）， the expression of PI3K，Akt and mTOR of Zhigancao Tang group was significantly decreased with increasing dose（P<0.01）， the expression of LC-3 and Beclin1 was accompanied by Zhigancao Tang increase of each dose group of soup had different degrees of decrease （P<0.01），while the expression ratio of PI3K/Akt/mTOR-related protein was significantly increased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Conclusion:Pretreatment of Zhigancao Tang can reduce the abusually elevated cardiac enzymes CK, LDH, AST and CtnI, inhibit excessive autophagy of cells, and up-regulate the expression of PI3K, Akt and mTOR, indicating that the anti-MIRI arrhythmia effect of Zhigancao Tang may be related to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.