This study aims to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Toutongning Capsules in the treatment of tension-type headache(TTH), so as to provide a corresponding basis for clinical treatment. Eight commonly used medical research databases and two clinical trial registration systems were retrieved with the time interval from the establishment of the database or system to November 2020. The randomized controlled trials of Toutongning Capsules in the treatment of TTH were screened out according to the pre-set criteria. The quality of the included papers was evaluated by the bias risk assessment tool in Cochrane Reviewers Handbook 6.1 and the data were statistically analyzed by RevMan v5.4 provided by Cochrane collaboration. A total of 13 studies were included and the quality of methodology was generally low. Meta-analysis showed that Toutongning Capsules assisted with western medicine therapy can effectively reduce the pain intensity(MD_(VAS)=-1.94,95%CI[-2.50,-1.38],P<0.000 01;MD_(NRS)=-0.83,95%CI[-0.86,-0.80],P<0.000 01), headache duration(SMD=-0.98,95%CI[-1.17,-0.79],P<0.000 01), headache frequency(MD=-1.01,95%CI[-1.16,-0.85],P<0.000 01), headache index(MD=-11.13,95%CI[-12.10,-10.16],P<0.000 01), anxiety and depression scale score(MD_(HAMA)=-4.02,95%CI[-6.58,-1.46],P=0.002;MD_(HAMD)=-2.67,95%CI[-4.04,-1.29],P=0.000 1), while Toutongning Capsules as monotherapy only reduced the headache score(MD=-2.24,95%CI[-2.97,-1.51],P<0.000 01). The available clinical studies demonstrate that Toutongning Capsules combined with western medicine in the treatment of TTH can improve the related outcome indicators, but the clinical safety and efficacy of Toutongning Capsules alone remain unclear. Due to the small number and low quality of the included studies, large-sample, multi-center, high-quality and strictly designed randomized controlled trials are still needed to verify the clinical efficacy in the future.
Capsules ; Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Tension-Type Headache/drug therapy* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: In order to elucidate the biological activity of the co-cultured adventitious roots (ARs) of Echinacea pallida and Echinacea purpurea and provide theoretical basis for its application, and the anti-inflammatory activities and potential mechanisms of co-cultured ARs were studied. Methods: The experimental materials were obtained by bioreactor co-culture technology and used in the activity research. In this study, mouse macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as in vitro model. Different concentrations of AR extract (50–400 g/mL) were used to treat cells. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, and the inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B-α levels were determined by the Western blot analysis. Results: In the co-cultured ARs, total flavonoids and total caffeic acid were determined, and the contents of both bioactive compounds were significantly higher than those ARs from the single-species culture. Compared with the control group, the large amount of pro-inflammatory mediators was released after LPS stimulation. However, in the extract groups with different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 g/mL), the production of these pro-inflammatory mediators was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the levels of phosphorylation of MAPK proteins, including p-p38, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p-extracellular regulated protein kinases were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the extract groups, revealing that the AR extract probably involved in regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings suggested that the co-cultured ARs of E. pallida and E. purpurea can inhibit production of pro-inflammatory mediators in mouse peritoneal macrophages and possess the anti-inflammatory effect by regulating MAPK signaling pathways.

To obtain biocontrol fungus for Alternaria panax,the antifungal effects of one strain of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of healthy ginseng were screened and evaluated by using dual-culture method,and the taxonomic assignment of the screened strain was identified based on the morphological characters and ITS sequence analysis. The results of dual-culture showed that one of the endophytes marked as FS-01 had good antifungal effects and the inhibitory rates of FS-01 strain to A. panax was( 60. 21±0. 12) %.The hyphae junction of the both strains,A. panax dissolved,broke and winded,while the hyphae of FS-01 strain remained normal. The inhibitory rates of non-sterilized FS-01 strain fermentation liqud was( 13. 94±0. 21) %. Strain FS-01 identified as Chaetomium globosum.
Alternaria ; pathogenicity ; Antibiosis ; Chaetomium ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Endophytes ; isolation & purification ; Fungicides, Industrial ; Panax ; microbiology ; Plant Diseases ; prevention & control

BACKGROUNDColorectal serrated polyp is considered as histologically heterogeneous lesions with malignant potential in western countries. However, few Asian studies have investigated the comprehensive clinical features of serrated polyps in symptomatic populations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the features of colorectal serrated polyps in a Chinese symptomatic population.

METHODSData from all consecutive symptomatic patients were documented from a large colonoscopy database and were analyzed. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis were used for the data processing.

RESULTSA total of 9191 (31.7%) patients were detected with at least one colorectal polyp. The prevalence of serrated polyps was 0.53% (153/28,981). The proportions of hyperplastic polyp (HP), sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P), and traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) of all serrated polyps were 41.2%, 7.2%, and 51.6%, respectively, which showed a lower proportion of HP and SSA/P and a higher proportion of TSA. Serrated polyps appeared more in males and elder patients while there was no significant difference in the subtype distribution in gender and age. The proportions of large and proximal serrated polyps were 13.7% (21/153) and 46.4% (71/153), respectively. In total, 98.9% (89/90) serrated adenomas were found with dysplasia. Moreover, 14 patients with serrated polyps were found with synchronous advanced colorectal neoplasia, and large serrated polyps (LSPs) (odds ratio: 3.446, 95% confidence interval: 1.010-11.750, P < 0.05), especially large HPs, might have an association with synchronous advanced neoplasia (AN).

CONCLUSIONSThe overall detection rate of colorectal serrated polyps in Chinese symptomatic patient population was low, and distribution pattern of three subtypes is different from previous reports. Moreover, LSPs, especially large HPs, might be associated with an increased risk of synchronous AN.

Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Colonic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVETo provide a new material for producing the Rhodiolasachalinensis products, the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on callus biomass and effective compound accumulation of Rhodiolasachalinensis was studied.

METHODThe calluses-cultured in 3 L-air lift balloon type bioreactor were treated with MeJA after 20 d of bioreactor culture and the effect of MeJA concentration and treatment days on callus biomass, salidroside or polysaccharide accumulation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were investigated.

RESULTThe callus biomass was not significantly different after MeJA treatment (125) for 0-6 d but obviously decreased after 6 d treatment. The maximum salidroside or polysaccharide contents and SOD or POD activities were found after 4 d treatment of MeJA. MeJA concentration significantly affected callus biomass and effective compound accumulation, biomass decreased at MeJA concentrations higher than 125 μmol x L(-1). However, the effective compound contents were determined at higher MeJA concentration, and the highest salidroside and polysaccharide accumulation was found at 225 and 275 μmol x L(-1) MeJA, respectively and the maximum SOD and POD activities was found at 225 μmol x L(-1) MeJA. The effective compound contents in callus were compared with field-grown plants. Salidroside contents in calluses were 1.1-fold and 2. 4-fold more than in plant roots and stem or leave, respectively. Polysaccharide content in calluses were 3. 6-fold and 8.0-fold more than in plant roots and stem or leave, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSalidorside and polysaccharide in Rhodiolasachalinensiscalluses improved by MeJA treatment, 225 μmol x L(-1) MeJA and 4 d treatment were optimal. The effective compound contents in callus were obviously higher than in field-grown plants. Therefore, bioreactor culture is efficient for obtaining mass effective compounds of Rhodiolasachalinensis by culturing calluses. This method could provide an alternative material source for production of Rhodiolasachalinensis products.

Acetates ; pharmacology ; Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Cyclopentanes ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; metabolism ; Oxylipins ; pharmacology ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Phenols ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; metabolism ; Rhodiola ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

To investigate the effect of acid and alkali stress on ginsenoside content of Panax ginseng, adventitious roots culture in bioreactors were incubated for 30 d and pH value was adjusted. Ginsenoside content increased by reducing or raising the pH in culture medium, the muxium ginsenoside content was determined on the 5th days after acid treatment and on the 7th days after alkali treatment. The result of histochemical localization of ginsenoside revealed that the red color from light to dark were found in the adventitious root tissue, and ginsenoside mainly located in the pericycle cells where appeared the dark red color.
Ginsenosides ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Panax ; metabolism ; physiology ; Plant Roots ; metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Time Factors

To improve cell suspension culture system of Panax ginseng, the dynamic of cell growth and medium consumption were studied, and the effects of filter on the culture vessel, revolution number, and inoculation density on cell growth and ginsenoside accumulation were also investigated. The maximum cell growth and ginsenoside accumulation was found on the 20th days of suspension culture, therefore, 20 days were confirmed as a suitable culture period for mass production of ginsenoside. Cell growth and ginsenoside content were promoted when the culture vessel had a ventilated filter. Revolution speed during suspension culture affected cell growth, but not ginsenoside content, a peak of ginsenoside productivity was found in the treatment of 120 r x min(-1). Inoculation density also influenced cell growth and ginsenoside accumulation, inoculation density of 6 g was better than other inoculation densities, the ginsenoside content and productivity were up to 12.8 mg x g(-1) DW and 146.6 mg x L(-1), respectively.
Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Proliferation ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Ginsenosides ; metabolism ; Panax ; cytology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Suspensions

OBJECTIVETo cultivate adventitious roots of Hypericum perforatum in bioreactors, in order to seek for suitable conditions for adventitious growth.

METHODThe effect of IBA concentration, sugar type and concentration, inoculum volume and air volume of adventitious roots on the cultivation of adventitious roots of H. perforatum was observed in a 5 L air-lift bioreactor.

RESULTAdventitious roots of H. perforatum were cultivated in a MS culture dish. With the increase of IBA concentration, the propagation coefficient of adventitious roots of H. perforatum was on the rise. The IBA concentration ranging between 1.25-1.75 mg x L(-1) was suitable for the growth of adventitious roots. Adventitious roots grew best with sucrose in MS medium, with the propagation coefficient up to 22.15. When sucrose concentration was 30 g x L(-1), fresh weight, dry weight and propagation coefficient reached the maximum value. An adventitious root reactor with an inoculum volume of 20 g was favorable for the growth of adventitious roots. The air volume of reactors of 0.075 vvm (air volume/culture volume per minute) was favorable for the growth of adventitious roots, with the significant increase in the propagation coefficient of adventitious roots. In the amplification experiment, we found that the cultivation conditions of adventitious roots in a 5 L bioreactor was completely applicable to that in 10 and 20 L bioreactors, and adventitious roots grew well in a large bioreactor.

CONCLUSIONIBA concentration, sugar type and concentration, inoculum volume and air volume had a significant effect on the growth of adventitious roots.

Air ; Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Carbohydrates ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hypericum ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Indoles ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Sucrose ; pharmacology ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the factors affecting the growth of protocorms of Dendrobium candidum and substance synthesis in a reactor, in order to provide a new method for mass production of raw materials of D. candidum.

METHODProtocorms in vitro were used as experimental materials to study the effect of inoculum volume, light intensity and air volume on the growth of protocorms of D. candidum and the accumulation of polysaccharide and dendrobine in a 3 L-air lift balloon type bioreactor.

RESULTAfter 30 days of cultivation in a bioreactor, protocorms became dark green and grew well at the inoculum volume of 10 g x L(-1). The polysaccharide content in protocorms showed no difference at various inoculum volumes; whereas the dendrobine content showed differences (with the highest treatment at the inoculum volume of 10 g x L(-1)), particularly the productions of polysaccharide and alkaloid reached the maximum at the inoculum volume of 10 g x L(-1). The condition of 1 600 lx of light intensity was the most favorable for the growth of protocorms. Though light played a role of improving the accumulation of polysaccharide in protocorms of D. candidum, it could inhibit the accumulation of dendrobine. Polysaccharide content and production were better under light conditions of 1 600 and 2 400 lx than dark conditions. Despite the maximum dendrobine content in dark conditions, the dendrobine production showed the maximum in the light condition of 1 600 lx due to poor growth of protocorms. Protocorms grew well and became dark green at the air volume of 0.2 vvm (air volume culture volume per minute) , which was better than at 0.1 and 0.3, with maximum polysaccharide and dendrobine contents and productions.

CONCLUSIONIn a 3 L-air lift balloon type bioreactor with a working volume of 2 L, the conditions of 10 inoculum volume, 1 600 lx light intensity and 0.2 air volume were favorable for the growth of protocorms and the production of dendrobine. This demonstrates that the cultivation of D. candidum and substance synthesis in a reactor is an effectie approach for mass production of polysaccharide and dendrobine.

Air ; Alkaloids ; metabolism ; Bioreactors ; Dendrobium ; growth & development ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Light ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Polysaccharides ; metabolism ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods

BACKGROUND: Although the pathogenesis of vitiligo isn't fully understood, a recent study demonstrates that oxidative stress plays an important role to induce vitiligo. Peroxiredoxin (Prx) is a novel peroxidase family to remove hydrogen peroxide using thioredoxin system, which is consisted of thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and NADPH. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the change of expression of Prx I to elucidate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. METHODS: Sample specimens were obtained from the lesional skin of vitiligo patients, and non-depigmented skin was obtained from the perilesional area as control samples. The skin samples were immediately frozen using liquid nitrogen, and then section samples were prepared to perform immunohistochemical staining with antibodies for Prx I. Some of the skin biopsy samples were used for primary culture of keratinocytes. Protein extracts from the expanded keratinocytes were prepared for Western blot analysis of Prx I. RESULTS: In vitiligo, the ubiquitous expression of Prx I in all layers of epidermis, which was also observed in the normal perilesional skin, was reduced in the depigmented lesion of vitiligo patients. The reduction of Prx I was remarkable from the lesions which were exposed to sunlight. Consistently, Prx I expression from the lesional keratinocytes were noticeably reduced in comparison with that from perilesional keratinocytes. CONCLUSION: Our results showing that Prx I is impaired in the epidermis of depigmented lesions of vitiligo patients suggest that oxidative stress is an important factor to induce vitiligo.
Antibodies ; Biopsy ; Blotting, Western ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Keratinocytes ; Nitrogen ; Oxidative Stress ; Peroxidase ; Peroxiredoxins ; Skin ; Sunlight ; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase ; Thioredoxins ; Vitiligo