This review examines the challenges associated with occupational disease surveillance in Korea, particularly emphasizing the limitations of current data sources such as the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI) statistics and special health examinations. The IACI system undercounts cases due to its emphasis on severe diseases and restrictions on approvals. Special health examinations, although they cover a broad workforce, are constrained by their annual scheduling, which leads to missed acute illnesses and subclinical conditions. The paper also explores the history of occupational disease surveillance in Korea, highlighting the fragmented and disease-specific approach of earlier systems. The authors introduce the newly established Korea Occupational Disease Surveillance Center (KODSC), a comprehensive nationwide system designed to gather, analyze, and interpret data on occupational diseases through a network of regional centers. By incorporating hospital-based surveillance and focusing on acute poisonings and other sentinel events, the KODSC aims to overcome the limitations of previous systems and promote collaboration with various agencies. Although it is still in the early stages of implementation, the KODSC demonstrates potential for improving data accuracy and contributing valuable insights for public health policy.

Purpose: Ultrasound-guided nerve hydrodissection has emerged as a potential non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The objective of this research was to offer suggestions for optimizing injectables utilized in hydrodissection for the treatment of CTS through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through April 25, 2024. Effect sizes were quantified using standard mean differences within a random-effects model. Effectiveness ranking for each treatment was expressed as the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Results: Nine studies with 458 patients with CTS were included. According to SUCRA, 5% dextrose (DW) was the most effective option for the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) function at 99.9, 89.8, and 88.8 at 4, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively; for BCTQ symptoms, 5% DW was the most effective option at 99.9 at 4 weeks and platelet-rich plasma at 95.7 and 93.9 at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. In terms of both BCTQ symptoms and BCTQ function, the 5 cc injection was the most effective, with SUCRA values of 99.5 for both categories. However, the effectiveness of the electrodiagnostic assessment and ultrasound variables was dependent on the type and dose of medication. Conclusion Administration of 5% DW showed better results in terms of initial symptom relief and long-term functional recovery compared to other agents, while platelet-rich plasma showed greater long-term symptom improvement; an injection dose of 5 cc showed the greatest benefit. However, additional research is required to establish precise protocols based on disease severity.

Purpose: Pediatric papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is recommended to perform aggressive surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence.This study was designed to evaluate the concurrent association between multifocality, bilaterality, and the risk of recurrence in pediatric PTC. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included pediatric patients (age <19 years) who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTC between 1996 and 2014 in a single tertiary center. Clinicopathological parameters were analyzed to evaluate the prevalence of multifocality, bilaterality, recurrence, and their association. Results: We analyzed 58 pediatric patients with PTC. There was no factor related to the presence of multifocality or bilaterality in multivariate analysis. Also, in univariate analysis, multifocality and bilaterality were not independent risk factors of each other’s presentation (p=0.061 and p=0.061, respectively). Recurrence was observed in 19 (32.8%) patients. In multivariate analysis of recurrence, clear cell subtype, multifocality, and gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE) were independent risk factors (p=0.027, p=0.035, and p=0.038, respectively). Most recurrences (68.4%) happened during the first 4 years of follow-up after the initial thyroidectomy. Conclusion Multifocality and bilaterality were not independent risk factors of each other’s presentation; however, multifocality was the risk factor for recurrence in pediatric PTC. For pediatric PTC, close monitoring for recurrence within the initial 4 years is recommended, particularly in patients with clear cell subtype, multifocality, and gross ETE.

This review examines the challenges associated with occupational disease surveillance in Korea, particularly emphasizing the limitations of current data sources such as the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI) statistics and special health examinations. The IACI system undercounts cases due to its emphasis on severe diseases and restrictions on approvals. Special health examinations, although they cover a broad workforce, are constrained by their annual scheduling, which leads to missed acute illnesses and subclinical conditions. The paper also explores the history of occupational disease surveillance in Korea, highlighting the fragmented and disease-specific approach of earlier systems. The authors introduce the newly established Korea Occupational Disease Surveillance Center (KODSC), a comprehensive nationwide system designed to gather, analyze, and interpret data on occupational diseases through a network of regional centers. By incorporating hospital-based surveillance and focusing on acute poisonings and other sentinel events, the KODSC aims to overcome the limitations of previous systems and promote collaboration with various agencies. Although it is still in the early stages of implementation, the KODSC demonstrates potential for improving data accuracy and contributing valuable insights for public health policy.

Purpose: Ultrasound-guided nerve hydrodissection has emerged as a potential non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The objective of this research was to offer suggestions for optimizing injectables utilized in hydrodissection for the treatment of CTS through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through April 25, 2024. Effect sizes were quantified using standard mean differences within a random-effects model. Effectiveness ranking for each treatment was expressed as the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Results: Nine studies with 458 patients with CTS were included. According to SUCRA, 5% dextrose (DW) was the most effective option for the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) function at 99.9, 89.8, and 88.8 at 4, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively; for BCTQ symptoms, 5% DW was the most effective option at 99.9 at 4 weeks and platelet-rich plasma at 95.7 and 93.9 at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. In terms of both BCTQ symptoms and BCTQ function, the 5 cc injection was the most effective, with SUCRA values of 99.5 for both categories. However, the effectiveness of the electrodiagnostic assessment and ultrasound variables was dependent on the type and dose of medication. Conclusion Administration of 5% DW showed better results in terms of initial symptom relief and long-term functional recovery compared to other agents, while platelet-rich plasma showed greater long-term symptom improvement; an injection dose of 5 cc showed the greatest benefit. However, additional research is required to establish precise protocols based on disease severity.

Purpose: Pediatric papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is recommended to perform aggressive surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence.This study was designed to evaluate the concurrent association between multifocality, bilaterality, and the risk of recurrence in pediatric PTC. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included pediatric patients (age <19 years) who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTC between 1996 and 2014 in a single tertiary center. Clinicopathological parameters were analyzed to evaluate the prevalence of multifocality, bilaterality, recurrence, and their association. Results: We analyzed 58 pediatric patients with PTC. There was no factor related to the presence of multifocality or bilaterality in multivariate analysis. Also, in univariate analysis, multifocality and bilaterality were not independent risk factors of each other’s presentation (p=0.061 and p=0.061, respectively). Recurrence was observed in 19 (32.8%) patients. In multivariate analysis of recurrence, clear cell subtype, multifocality, and gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE) were independent risk factors (p=0.027, p=0.035, and p=0.038, respectively). Most recurrences (68.4%) happened during the first 4 years of follow-up after the initial thyroidectomy. Conclusion Multifocality and bilaterality were not independent risk factors of each other’s presentation; however, multifocality was the risk factor for recurrence in pediatric PTC. For pediatric PTC, close monitoring for recurrence within the initial 4 years is recommended, particularly in patients with clear cell subtype, multifocality, and gross ETE.

This review examines the challenges associated with occupational disease surveillance in Korea, particularly emphasizing the limitations of current data sources such as the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI) statistics and special health examinations. The IACI system undercounts cases due to its emphasis on severe diseases and restrictions on approvals. Special health examinations, although they cover a broad workforce, are constrained by their annual scheduling, which leads to missed acute illnesses and subclinical conditions. The paper also explores the history of occupational disease surveillance in Korea, highlighting the fragmented and disease-specific approach of earlier systems. The authors introduce the newly established Korea Occupational Disease Surveillance Center (KODSC), a comprehensive nationwide system designed to gather, analyze, and interpret data on occupational diseases through a network of regional centers. By incorporating hospital-based surveillance and focusing on acute poisonings and other sentinel events, the KODSC aims to overcome the limitations of previous systems and promote collaboration with various agencies. Although it is still in the early stages of implementation, the KODSC demonstrates potential for improving data accuracy and contributing valuable insights for public health policy.

Purpose: Ultrasound-guided nerve hydrodissection has emerged as a potential non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The objective of this research was to offer suggestions for optimizing injectables utilized in hydrodissection for the treatment of CTS through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through April 25, 2024. Effect sizes were quantified using standard mean differences within a random-effects model. Effectiveness ranking for each treatment was expressed as the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Results: Nine studies with 458 patients with CTS were included. According to SUCRA, 5% dextrose (DW) was the most effective option for the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) function at 99.9, 89.8, and 88.8 at 4, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively; for BCTQ symptoms, 5% DW was the most effective option at 99.9 at 4 weeks and platelet-rich plasma at 95.7 and 93.9 at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. In terms of both BCTQ symptoms and BCTQ function, the 5 cc injection was the most effective, with SUCRA values of 99.5 for both categories. However, the effectiveness of the electrodiagnostic assessment and ultrasound variables was dependent on the type and dose of medication. Conclusion Administration of 5% DW showed better results in terms of initial symptom relief and long-term functional recovery compared to other agents, while platelet-rich plasma showed greater long-term symptom improvement; an injection dose of 5 cc showed the greatest benefit. However, additional research is required to establish precise protocols based on disease severity.

Purpose: Pediatric papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is recommended to perform aggressive surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence.This study was designed to evaluate the concurrent association between multifocality, bilaterality, and the risk of recurrence in pediatric PTC. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included pediatric patients (age <19 years) who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTC between 1996 and 2014 in a single tertiary center. Clinicopathological parameters were analyzed to evaluate the prevalence of multifocality, bilaterality, recurrence, and their association. Results: We analyzed 58 pediatric patients with PTC. There was no factor related to the presence of multifocality or bilaterality in multivariate analysis. Also, in univariate analysis, multifocality and bilaterality were not independent risk factors of each other’s presentation (p=0.061 and p=0.061, respectively). Recurrence was observed in 19 (32.8%) patients. In multivariate analysis of recurrence, clear cell subtype, multifocality, and gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE) were independent risk factors (p=0.027, p=0.035, and p=0.038, respectively). Most recurrences (68.4%) happened during the first 4 years of follow-up after the initial thyroidectomy. Conclusion Multifocality and bilaterality were not independent risk factors of each other’s presentation; however, multifocality was the risk factor for recurrence in pediatric PTC. For pediatric PTC, close monitoring for recurrence within the initial 4 years is recommended, particularly in patients with clear cell subtype, multifocality, and gross ETE.

Purpose: Ultrasound-guided nerve hydrodissection has emerged as a potential non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The objective of this research was to offer suggestions for optimizing injectables utilized in hydrodissection for the treatment of CTS through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through April 25, 2024. Effect sizes were quantified using standard mean differences within a random-effects model. Effectiveness ranking for each treatment was expressed as the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Results: Nine studies with 458 patients with CTS were included. According to SUCRA, 5% dextrose (DW) was the most effective option for the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) function at 99.9, 89.8, and 88.8 at 4, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively; for BCTQ symptoms, 5% DW was the most effective option at 99.9 at 4 weeks and platelet-rich plasma at 95.7 and 93.9 at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. In terms of both BCTQ symptoms and BCTQ function, the 5 cc injection was the most effective, with SUCRA values of 99.5 for both categories. However, the effectiveness of the electrodiagnostic assessment and ultrasound variables was dependent on the type and dose of medication. Conclusion Administration of 5% DW showed better results in terms of initial symptom relief and long-term functional recovery compared to other agents, while platelet-rich plasma showed greater long-term symptom improvement; an injection dose of 5 cc showed the greatest benefit. However, additional research is required to establish precise protocols based on disease severity.