Purpose: To evaluate whether the added value of contrast leakage information from dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC MRI) is a better prognostic imaging biomarker than the cerebral blood volume (CBV) value in distinguishing true progression from pseudoprogression in glioblastoma patients. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine glioblastoma patients who had undergone MRI after concurrent chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide were enrolled in this retrospective study. Twenty features were extracted from the normalized relative CBV (nCBV) and extraction fraction (EF) map of the contrast-enhancing region in each patient. After univariable analysis, we used multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis to identify significant predictors for differentiating between pseudoprogression and true progression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to determine the best cutoff values for the nCBV and EF features. Finally, leave-one-out cross-validation was used to validate the best predictor in differentiating between true progression and pseudoprogression. Results: Multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that MGMT (O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) and EF max were independent differentiating variables (P = 0.004 and P = 0.02, respectively). ROC analysis yielded the best cutoff value of 95.75 for the EF max value for differentiating the two groups (sensitivity, 61%; specificity, 84.6%; AUC, 0.681 ± 0.08; 95% CI, 0.524-0.837; P = 0.03). In the leave-one-out cross-validation of the EF max value, the cross-validated values for predicting true progression and pseudoprogression accuracies were 69.4% and 71.4%,respectively. Conclusion We demonstrated that contrast leakage information parameter from DSC MRI showed significance in differentiating true progression from pseudoprogression in glioblastoma patients.

Objective: To develop a radiomics risk score based on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI for prognosis prediction in patients with glioblastoma. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty patients (92 male [61.3%]; mean age ± standard deviation, 60.5 ± 13.5 years) with glioblastoma who underwent preoperative MRI were enrolled in the study. Six hundred and forty-two radiomic features were extracted from volume transfer constant (Ktrans), fractional volume of vascular plasma space (Vp), and fractional volume of extravascular extracellular space (Ve) maps of DCE MRI, wherein the regions of interest were based on both T1-weighted contrast-enhancing areas and non-enhancing T2 hyperintense areas. Using feature selection algorithms, salient radiomic features were selected from the 642 features. Next, a radiomics risk score was developed using a weighted combination of the selected features in the discovery set (n = 105); the risk score was validated in the validation set (n = 45) by investigating the difference in prognosis between the “radiomics risk score” groups. Finally, multivariable Cox regression analysis for progression-free survival was performed using the radiomics risk score and clinical variables as covariates. Results: 16 radiomic features obtained from non-enhancing T2 hyperintense areas were selected among the 642 features identified. The radiomics risk score was used to stratify high- and low-risk groups in both the discovery and validation sets (both p < 0.001 by the log-rank test). The radiomics risk score and presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation showed independent associations with progression-free survival in opposite directions (hazard ratio, 3.56; p = 0.004 and hazard ratio, 0.34; p = 0.022, respectively). Conclusion We developed and validated the “radiomics risk score” from the features of DCE MRI based on non-enhancing T2 hyperintense areas for risk stratification of patients with glioblastoma. It was associated with progression-free survival independently of IDH mutation status.

Objective: To develop a radiomics risk score based on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI for prognosis prediction in patients with glioblastoma. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty patients (92 male [61.3%]; mean age ± standard deviation, 60.5 ± 13.5 years) with glioblastoma who underwent preoperative MRI were enrolled in the study. Six hundred and forty-two radiomic features were extracted from volume transfer constant (Ktrans), fractional volume of vascular plasma space (Vp), and fractional volume of extravascular extracellular space (Ve) maps of DCE MRI, wherein the regions of interest were based on both T1-weighted contrast-enhancing areas and non-enhancing T2 hyperintense areas. Using feature selection algorithms, salient radiomic features were selected from the 642 features. Next, a radiomics risk score was developed using a weighted combination of the selected features in the discovery set (n = 105); the risk score was validated in the validation set (n = 45) by investigating the difference in prognosis between the “radiomics risk score” groups. Finally, multivariable Cox regression analysis for progression-free survival was performed using the radiomics risk score and clinical variables as covariates. Results: 16 radiomic features obtained from non-enhancing T2 hyperintense areas were selected among the 642 features identified. The radiomics risk score was used to stratify high- and low-risk groups in both the discovery and validation sets (both p < 0.001 by the log-rank test). The radiomics risk score and presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation showed independent associations with progression-free survival in opposite directions (hazard ratio, 3.56; p = 0.004 and hazard ratio, 0.34; p = 0.022, respectively). Conclusion We developed and validated the “radiomics risk score” from the features of DCE MRI based on non-enhancing T2 hyperintense areas for risk stratification of patients with glioblastoma. It was associated with progression-free survival independently of IDH mutation status.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of treating subtrochanteric femoral fractures with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty five consecutive patients diagnosed with subtrochanteric femoral fractures underwent intramedullary fixation using PFNA and followed-up for over 12 months. According to the Seinsheimer's classification, there were 2 type IIA, 9 type IIB, 2 type IIIA, 3 type IV and 9 type V. According to the AO classification, there were 10 type A, 9 type B and 6 type C. There were 16 cases of closed reduction group and 9 cases of limited open reduction group. Retrospectively, radiological outcomes were assessed at the union period, change of neck shaft angle, tip-apex distance, Cleveland index, sliding of lag screw and complication. RESULTS: Union was achieved in 23 of 25 cases, over an average of 17 weeks. Limb length shortening below 2 cm occurred in 7 patients. The Cleveland index was shown in 80% of 5, 6, 8 and 9 zone; the tip apex distance was 19.6 mm; the mean sliding distance was 4.4 mm; and the mean change of femur neck and shaft angle was varus 3 degree at the final follow-up. Complications included 3 cases of delayed union and 2 cases of nonunion. CONCLUSION: With its early bony union, ambulation, rehabilitation and low complication, PFNA is a useful and reliable choice for the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. Limited open reduction and additional fixation such as cable grip are recommended if it is difficult to obtain anatomical reduction by closed reduction.
Extremities ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand Strength ; Hip Fractures* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Walking

A 75-year-old female visited our hospital with bilateral adrenal masses that were detected incidentally during lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the evaluation of radiating flank pain. Consecutive computed tomography and MRI revealed bilateral adrenal masses with no evidence of lymph node enlargement or local invasion; 2[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography showed an intense FDG accumulation in both adrenal glands without abnormal FDG uptake in extra-adrenal regions. The laboratory test results were within normal ranges. We performed a bilateral adrenalectomy. The pathologic diagnosis of both adrenal masses was consistent with adrenocortical carcinoma. The patient recovered well with no complications.
Adrenal Glands ; Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocortical Carcinoma ; Aged ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Reference Values ; Spine

PURPOSE: To report our initial clinical experience and perioperative outcomes of retroperitoneal laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (RLESS) for upper urinary tract surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 2009 and October 2010, we performed RLESS in 23 patients for various indications including radical nephrectomy (n=4), nephroureterectomy (n=2), simple nephrectomy (n=10), and renal cyst ablation (n=7). RLESS was performed with a homemade single-port device with a conventional rigid laparoscopic instrument and laparoscope. The parameters analyzed were age, body mass index, operative time, estimated blood loss, transfusion, time of oral intake, visual analogue pain scale score (VAPS), length of hospital stay, and complications. RESULTS: One case of simple nephrectomy was converted to open nephrectomy because of severe adhesion and inadequate surgical exposure. RLESS was completed in 23 patients. Mean operative time was 168.7+/-29.2, 227.5+/-50.0, 230.0+/-56.5, and 70.5+/-8.9 minutes for simple nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, nephroureterectomy, and renal cyst ablation, respectively. Estimated blood loss was 113.0+/-149.8, 170.0+/-156.8, 400.0+/-141.4, and 22.8+/-16.0 ml. The time to oral intake after surgery was 1.4+/-0.5, 1.2+/-0.5, 1.5+/-0.7, and 1.1+/-0.3 days. The mean VAPS score was 1.1+/-0.2, 2.1+/-0.5, 2.0+/-0.5, and 1.0+/-0.0 of 10 (range, 0.8 to 2.6). The hospital stay was 4.6+/-1.5, 3.7+/-0.5, 6.0+/-1.4, and 3.2+/-1.7 days. No major perioperative complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The initial outcomes of our experience suggest that RLESS is a technically feasible and safe procedure for upper urinary tract surgery. Prospective comparative studies with conventional retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery are needed to confirm the potential benefits of RLESS.
Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Laparoscopes ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Nephrectomy ; Operative Time ; Pain Measurement ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive ; Urinary Tract

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular mortality is increased in ESRD patients and is not completely explained by common cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, more attention is being focused on non-traditional risk factors such as endothelial dysfunction, malnutrition, chronic inflammation. This study was performed to investigate whether chronic inflammation and malnutrition plays an important role on the endothelial dysfunction in ESRD patients. METHODS: Seventy-five patients undergoing CAPD for more than six months were enrolled in the study. To evaluate the extent of endothelial dysfunction, flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of brachial artery was measured using doppler ultrasonography. The degree of chronic inflammation was assessed by measuring inflammatory markers (IL-6, hsCRP) and SGA was used to assess the nutritional status. RESULTS: According to SGA grade, the patients were divided into 2 groups (group 1: normal nutritional status, group 2: malnourished status). In group 2, IL-6 was significantly higher compared to group 1. FMD and albumin level were significantly lower in group 2 (11.37+/-4.93 vs. 8.41+/-4.23%, 3.7+/-0.4 vs. 3.4+/-0.3 g/dL, p<0.05). When the patients were divided into groups according to hsCRP level (group 1: > or =3 mg/L, group 2: <3 mg/L), BMI and fasting glucose were significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2 (25.9+/-3.5 vs. 23.9+/-2.8 kg/m2, 105.8+/-22.3 vs. 93.3+/-11.4 mg/dL). HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in group 1 (37.4+/-9.3 vs. 45.3+/-12.9 mg/dL). FMD was decreased in group 1 compared to group 2 (7.35+/-4.23 vs. 11.57+/-4.76%). Multiple regression analysis showed that average hsCRP concentration was an independent factors affecting brachial FMD. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction is associated with markers of inflammation and malnutrition, and chronic inflammation and malnutrition can be a predisposing factors for atherosclerosis in CAPD patients.
Atherosclerosis ; Brachial Artery ; Causality ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Interleukin-6 ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Malnutrition ; Mortality ; Nutritional Status* ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; Vasodilation

The fetus is an unstable subject for an isolated physiological and biochemical study. To study the fetus in a controlled and stable environment, a trial was done using 12 goat fetuses. Extrauterine incubation system was devised using an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation system. The system consisted of a venous reservoir with a servo-controlled roller pump and a membrane oxygenator. The extra-corporeal circuit and membrane oxygenator were primed with the maternal whole blood of 200 mL. Fetal umbilical cords was exposed by Cesarean section. Fetal umbilical arterial blood was drained via the drainage cannula. The drained blood was perfused to the oxygenator by the roller pump. The highly oxygenated and decarboxylated blood was returned to an umbilical vein via the perfusion catheter. The blood flow rate was controlled manually using a roller pump. Fetal heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram were continuously recorded. Gas analysis of drained and perfused bood was performed hourly. With this system, the fetuses were able to survive under fairly stable physiological condition for periods of up to 34 hr. The extrauterine incubation system used in this study could therefore be a encouraging future experimental model in researching the artificial placenta for premature fetuses.
Animals ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/adverse effects/*methods ; Female ; Fetal Blood/metabolism ; Fetus/*blood supply/*physiology ; Goats ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Models, Animal ; Pregnancy ; Time Factors ; Umbilical Arteries ; Umbilical Veins