ObjectiveTo obtain the epidemiological characteristics of re-positive cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Pudong New Area from March to July 2022, including clinical manifestations, duration of a negative nucleic acid conversion after tested for re-positive, and length of time from the discharge of the initial infection to the most recent re-positivity, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of COVID-19. MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted among the re-positive cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 after discharged from hospital/quarantine facility in Pudong New Area, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used for characteristics analysis. ResultsA total of 2 422 re-positive cases met the inclusive and exclusive criteria, with males accounting for 61.02%. The age distribution mainly fell between 18 and <60 years old, accounting for 62.39%. Clinical manifestations were predominantly asymptomatic (72.15%), followed by cough (12.03%) and sore throat (6.58%). Among the stratified randomized sample of 416 individuals, there were statistically significant differences in symptoms (χ²=262.667, P<0.001), clinical typing (χ²=12.996, P=0.001), and duration of a negative nucleic acid conversion (χ²=142.578, P<0.001) between the initial positive and re-positive instances. Besides, statistically significant differences in symptoms (χ²=13.696, P=0.016) and self-perception of the severity of re-infection (χ²=7.923, P=0.048) between the initial and re-positive cases were observed by different genders. ConclusionAmong re-positive cases, males experienced milder symptoms compared to females, and the self-perception of symptoms during re-positivity is milder than that in the initial positive infection. The length of time for negative nucleic acid conversion during the initial positive period is shorter than that during the re-positive period.

Objective To understand the viral spectrum of inpatients with acute respiratory infection in Pudong New Area, and to explore the composition of pathogens in hospitalized children and adults. Methods Samples of acute respiratory infection cases from 10 medical institutions were collected from 2011 to 2020 and tested for human influenza virus, human adenovirus, rhinovirus, human parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human coronavirus, human metapneumovirus and human boca virus. Results A total of 3 145 inpatients were monitored, with a median age of 61 years. The positive rate of any virus was 32.43% (1 020/3 145), and the single virus infection accounted for 85.98% (877/1 020). In single virus infection, the positive rate of human influenza virus was the highest (9.67%, 304/3 145), with influenza A (80.26%, 244/304) as the main virus. The second was rhinovirus (3.97%, 125/3 145). The positive rate of any virus in different age groups was statistically significant (χ²=103.38，P<0.001). The positive rate of respiratory syncytial virus was the highest in the ~5-year-old group, adenovirus was the highest in the 6-14-year-old group, and influenza virus was the highest in the 15-64-year-old group and the 65year-old group. There was a significant difference in the positive rate of any virus in each month (χ²=123.06，P<0.001). The human influenza virus was the dominant virus in winter (December to February) and summer (July to September), and rhinoviruses distributed sporadically in each month. The positive rate of any virus in different departments was significantly different (χ²=90.37，P<0.001). Conclusion The positive rate of virus in hospitalized patients with acute respiratory infection is relatively high in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, with human influenza virus being the main virus. The virus spectrum of hospitalized children and adults is inconsistent. In the future, in-depth research should be strengthened, focusing on the distribution of pathogens in different populations and seasonal prevention and treatment.

ObjectiveTo identify the rate， population characteristics， and vaccination history of repeat infections among previously infected people in the current epidemic based on the rate of repeat infection and population characteristics of different mutant strains at different times in Pudong New Area of Shanghai， and to provide reference for the prevention and control strategies of novel coronavirus repeat infections. MethodsA total of 9 250 investigated subjects were randomly selected from the new cases of asymptomatic infection and confirmed cases reported by Pudong New Area from March to May 2022. The investigation mainly focused on demographic characteristics， nucleic acid or antigen test results， and symptoms after infection. The repeat infection rates among different populations were compared， and logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of gender， age， and vaccination status on repeat infections. ResultsThe survey sample of 9 250 people had a response rate of 81.85%. There were 4 043 males （53.40%） and 3 528 females （46.60%）， with a median age of 34 years old （P₂₅， P₇₅： 7， 61）. The overall vaccine uptake rate was 59.44% （4 500/7 571）. In December of 2022， there were 563 cases of repeat infection， with an infection rate of 7.44%. The lowest rate of repeat infection was seen in the 3‒ year-old group （2.86%） and the highest rate in the 30‒ year-old group （12.42%）， with significant differences between different age groups. The repeated infection rate for those who had completed their vaccinations was significantly lower （6.57%） compared to those who had not （7.11%）. The age groups of 3‒ years， 70‒79 years， as well as individuals who completed full vaccination and received booster shots were protective factors against repeat infections. ConclusionThe overall rate of reinfection among the infected in Shanghai during the spring of 2022 was low in the outbreak of the Omicron variant， and the rate of reinfection in the 3‒ year-old group was significantly lower than in other age groups. Completing the full course of vaccination significantly reduces the risk of reinfection. Although the reinfection rate is high in individuals who received booster shots， it remains a mitigating factor compared to those who do not receive the vaccine. It is recommended to continue monitoring reinfections in key populations and further strengthen immunization efforts.

ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiological characteristics of recovered COVID-19 cases with re-positive nucleic acid in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19. MethodsA three-month health follow-up and nucleic acid testing were conducted on 339 COVID-19 cases cured and discharged between May 20 and June 20, 2022, in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, to analyze their epidemiological characteristics. ResultsAmong the 339 follow-up cases, 75 cases experienced re-positive nucleic acid results, with a recurrence rate of 22.12%. Factors such as gender, age group, occupation, presence of heart disease, hypertension, and full vaccination status had no effect on the re-positive results. Being diagnosed as a confirmed case during the first presence of infection, having diabetes, and a hospitalization period of ≤7 days were related factors for recurrence. The median interval between discharge and re-positive nucleic acid results was 26 days. The close contacts of the re-positive cases did not contract COVID-19 after the isolation and observation period. ConclusionThere is a possibility of re-positive nucleic acid results after COVID-19 recovery and discharge. Cases initially diagnosed as confirmed cases and those with a hospitalization period of no more than 7 days have a high rate of re-positivity. No secondary transmission is observed from the re-positive cases.

As one of the pathogenic mechanisms contained in The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）， “disease with latent pathogen induced by a new pathogen” means that the induced new pathogen resulted to a combination of the latent previous pathogen and the new pathogen， which caused the disease. Based on this， it is believed that the change of “nodule-cancer transformation” of pulmonary nodules is actually based on the deficiency of original qi， and the new pathogen induces the latent pathogens like phlegm coagulation， qi stagnation， blood stasis， toxicity， so healthy qi can not drive the pathogens out， and the long-time detention generated into cancerous turbidity， and deve-loped into cancerous tumour at the end. Therefore， based on the three-stage treatment of unformed cancer， dense cancerous toxin， and developed cancer， the clinical practice applied six methods of clearing， expelling， dissipating， tonifying， harmonizing， and transforming， taking into account both the manifestation and root cause， moving the treatment window of pulmonary nodules forward， attacking the pathogens when the toxin was not yet overbearing， supporting the healthy qi before declining， delaying the process of nodules-cancer transformation， and providing ideas for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary nodules “nodule-cancer transformation” in traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To evaluate the predictive effect of the loss of signal (LOS) on the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury.Methods:The literatures on PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang Medical Network database were published before 30 April 2023. English search terms included "thyroid gland surgery" "thyroidectomy" "intraoperative neuromonitoring" "intraoperative nerve monitoring" and "recurrent laryngeal nerve". Chinese search terms included "thyroidectomy", "thyroid surgery" "recurrent laryngeal nerve" "intraoperative nerve monitoring". Two evaluators screened the literature, extracted the materials and evaluated the risk of bias of the study independently. If there were different opinions, researchers should resolve which through consultation and ask the third-party researcher when necessary. The Meta-analysis was performed with the Review Manager 5.4 software.Results:A total of thirty-three studies were included and were all analyzed for primary outcome measures while only twenty-six of which were analyzed for secondary outcome measures. Meta-analysis showed that the positive predictive value of LOS in intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) was 65% [ OR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.36-2.60]. Then these thirty-three articles included in IONM were divided into I-IONM, C-IONM and mixed groups. Subgroup analysis showed that the positive predictive value of LOS in I-IONM, C-IONM and mixed groups were 62% [ OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.05-2.52], 75% [ OR=2.93, 95% CI: 1.64-5.22] and 70% [ OR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.77-3.12] respectively. When these thirty-three included articles were divided into Asian, European, North American and Oceania, subgroup analysis showed that the positive predictive value of LOS was 50% [ OR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.44-2.31], 70% [ OR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.60-3.28], 82% [ OR=4.68, 95% CI: 3.79-5.78] and 83% [ OR=4.81, 95% CI: 3.10-7.46] respectively. Meta-analysis of secondary outcome measures in twenty-six articles showed that the negative predictive value of LOS was 99.6% [ RD=1.51, 95% CI: 1.48-1.53], with the sensitivity of 89% [ RD=1.24, 95% CI: 1.11-1.37] and specificity of 98%[ RD=1.43, 95% CI: 1.40-1.47]. Conclusion:The occurrence of LOS during IONM in thyroidectomy has a positive prediction effect and a higher negative prediction effect, sensitivity and specificity on RLN injury.

This study was designed to evaluate the correlation between immune antibodies and pelvic inflammatory disease(PID)using retrospective analysis.Cases were selected from 171 patients who met the diagnosis of PID in Liuzhou People's Hospital of Guangxi Province from January 2022 to March 2023,and the PID patients were further divided into simple PID group(53 cases)and in PID combined with reproductive tract infection group(118 cases)according to the presence or absence of reproductive tract infections,while 83 cases of women who did not meet the specific diagnostic criteria of PID and did not have reproductive tract infections were selected as the control group during the same period.The positive rate of immune antibodies in the three groups were observed and compared to explore the relationship between immune antibodies and PID.Data showed that the positive rates of immune antibodies were significantly higher in the PID alone group and the PID combined with reproductive tract infection group than that in the control group.Furthermore,the positive rate of immune antibody TPOAb was significant difference in the PID combined with reproductive tract infection group and the PID alone group(P<0.05).In conclusion,TPOAb is closely associated with reproductive tract infections.

Humans ; Aminoquinolines/therapeutic use* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Mutation/genetics* ; Standard of Care

【Objective】 Escherichia coli phage (ECP) and Staphylococcus aureus phage (SAP) isolated from sewage were used as research objects, and their biological characteristics were analyzed to provide new experimental materials for the application of phages. 【Methods】 ECP and SAP were purified and cultured by double-layer agar method. Then a series of biological characteristics of these two phages were preliminarily analyzed by electron microscope observation, optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) test, one-step growth curve test, temperature, pH, chloroform and ultraviolet sensitivity tests, respectively. 【Results】 The results of biological characteristics showed that ECP and SAP were both virulent phages, belonging to myoviridac family. Their optimal MOI was 10^-1, and they had strong resistance to ultraviolet light. The cleavage volume of ECP was 76.3 PFU/cell, while that of SAP was 8.3 PFU/cell. ECP had a wide range of temperature tolerance and could stably survive at 30-50 ℃, while SAP was more sensitive to temperature and could be completely inactivated at 50 ℃ for 1 h. ECP could maintain a good lysis activity in the range of pH 5-11, while SAP in the range of pH 6-9. ECP had strong resistance to chloroform and was non-membranous phage, while SAP was more sensitive to chloroform and was a membranous phage. 【Conclusion】 ECP and SAP are both virulent phages and have strong resistance to ultraviolet light. The lysability, temperature, pH, and chloroform tolerance of ECP are stronger than those of SAP.

This article has systematically reviewed the name， origin， scientific name， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing methods of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma（POR） by consulting the materia medica， medical books， prescription books and modern literature， in order to provide a reference for the development of famous classical formulas containing POR. Yuzhu was first recorded in the Shennong Bencaojing under the name of Nyuwei. After that， Weirui was used as the rectification name in the subsequent dynasties， and in recent times， the name of Yuzhu is mostly used in materia medica and prescription books. In ancient times， there were different names for Yuzhu， such as Nyuwei， Weiwei and Weirui. The names of the three are similar and there was a mixed use of the same name and foreign matter in history. In the Tang dynasty， SU Jing listed Nyuwei with the effect of curing dysentery in the intermediate of herbal part of Xinxiu Bencao according to its different efficacy. However， based on Shennong Bencaojing， Mingyi Bielu and the different energy efficiency of medical prescriptions， SU Song of the Northern Song dynasty believed that the three were medicinal materials of different origins. In short， the names of the three have been unclear in history for a long time. According to the development of the time line， this paper examines the names and realities of the three， and concludes that the two（Weiwei and Weirui） are the same medicinal material， that is， Polygonatum odoratum of Liliaceae， and the Nyuwei is Clematis apiifolia of Ranunculaceae， and the source relationship of the three is clarified. The mainstream source of Yuzhu used in the past dynasties was the rhizome of P. odoratum， which was widely distributed in the wild and has a large amount of resources. The origins of Yuzhu recorded in ancient times were mainly Taishan in Shandong， Chuzhou and Shuzhou in Anhui， and Hanzhong in Shaanxi， in modern times， it was produced in northern Hebei and Shaoyang in Hunan with high quality， and in the modern times， Jiangbei Yuzhu from Haimen in Jiangsu， Anyuzhu from Nanling， Anqing and Tongling in Anhui， Guanyuzhu from Fengrun， Yutian， Zunhua， Huailai in Hebei and Suizhong， Jinxi， Jianchang， Lingyuan， Liaoyang， Haicheng， Gaiping in Liaoning， Xiangyuzhu from Shaoyang in Hunan are the authentic medicinal material. In ancient times， the quality of Yuzhu was good if it was fat and white， while in modern times， it is better with thick roots， bright yellow color， soft texture， no stiff skin and no oiliness. In ancient times， the origin processing of POR was mostly dried in the shade， but in modern times， it is mostly sun-dried or dried after steaming and rubbing. The ancient processing was mostly scraped off the skin and soaked in honey water and then steamed through， while the modern one is mostly washed and cut into thick slices for raw use. Based on the conclusion of the herbal textual research， it is suggested that the rhizome of P. odoratum of Liliaceae be used as the source for the development of famous classical formulas， and the corresponding specifications be selected according to the processing requirements of the prescription. In view of the Yiweitang in Wenbing Tiaobian， which uses the method of frying fragrance to achieve the effect of fragrant refreshing the spleen， it can be processed by referring to the stir-frying method in the current version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.