Purpose: Intertrochanteric fractures often involve comminuted fractures, particularly around the intertrochanteric ridge, including the greater and lesser trochanters. In cases with comminuted fractures in the posterior region, maintaining a stable reduction of the anteriormedial region of the fracture surface is essential. Therefore, this study examined the morphologic features of the anterior femur for stable reduction by analyzing the anterior region of intertrochanteric fractures using three-dimensional computed tomography. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the imaging data of 51 patients aged 60 years and older who underwent a surgical treatment for intertrochanteric fractures at a single institution from April 2013 to March 2023. The sample contained 15 male patients with an average age of 81.9 years and 36 female patients with an average age of 83.7 years. Forty patients (78.4%) had two or more comorbidities. The bone mineral density was assessed in all cases except for five (9.8%). Results: In 49 cases (96.1%), the anterior fracture line followed the intertrochanteric line and passed through two bony prominences.In two cases (3.9%), the fracture line ran below the intertrochanteric line and involved a large fragment of the lesser trochanter. As the fracture line passed through the inferior medial bony prominence, it exhibited an S-shaped pattern rather than a straight line. The inferior medial bony prominence consisted of cortical bone, with an average thickness of 6.4±1.4 mm, which was significantly thicker than the surrounding average cortical bone thickness (1.5±0.6 mm) but thinner than the cortical bone thickness of the femoral shaft (7.3±1.3 mm).The fracture line in the superior lateral region of the intertrochanteric line included cancellous bone with a cortical bone thickness of 1.1±0.6 mm, which was thin. Conclusion The anterior fracture line followed the femoral intertrochanteric line and curves as it passed through the inferior medial bony prominence. The inferior medial bony prominence, consisting of cortical bone, was significantly thicker than the surrounding average cortical bone.

Purpose: Intertrochanteric fractures often involve comminuted fractures, particularly around the intertrochanteric ridge, including the greater and lesser trochanters. In cases with comminuted fractures in the posterior region, maintaining a stable reduction of the anteriormedial region of the fracture surface is essential. Therefore, this study examined the morphologic features of the anterior femur for stable reduction by analyzing the anterior region of intertrochanteric fractures using three-dimensional computed tomography. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the imaging data of 51 patients aged 60 years and older who underwent a surgical treatment for intertrochanteric fractures at a single institution from April 2013 to March 2023. The sample contained 15 male patients with an average age of 81.9 years and 36 female patients with an average age of 83.7 years. Forty patients (78.4%) had two or more comorbidities. The bone mineral density was assessed in all cases except for five (9.8%). Results: In 49 cases (96.1%), the anterior fracture line followed the intertrochanteric line and passed through two bony prominences.In two cases (3.9%), the fracture line ran below the intertrochanteric line and involved a large fragment of the lesser trochanter. As the fracture line passed through the inferior medial bony prominence, it exhibited an S-shaped pattern rather than a straight line. The inferior medial bony prominence consisted of cortical bone, with an average thickness of 6.4±1.4 mm, which was significantly thicker than the surrounding average cortical bone thickness (1.5±0.6 mm) but thinner than the cortical bone thickness of the femoral shaft (7.3±1.3 mm).The fracture line in the superior lateral region of the intertrochanteric line included cancellous bone with a cortical bone thickness of 1.1±0.6 mm, which was thin. Conclusion The anterior fracture line followed the femoral intertrochanteric line and curves as it passed through the inferior medial bony prominence. The inferior medial bony prominence, consisting of cortical bone, was significantly thicker than the surrounding average cortical bone.

Purpose: Intertrochanteric fractures often involve comminuted fractures, particularly around the intertrochanteric ridge, including the greater and lesser trochanters. In cases with comminuted fractures in the posterior region, maintaining a stable reduction of the anteriormedial region of the fracture surface is essential. Therefore, this study examined the morphologic features of the anterior femur for stable reduction by analyzing the anterior region of intertrochanteric fractures using three-dimensional computed tomography. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the imaging data of 51 patients aged 60 years and older who underwent a surgical treatment for intertrochanteric fractures at a single institution from April 2013 to March 2023. The sample contained 15 male patients with an average age of 81.9 years and 36 female patients with an average age of 83.7 years. Forty patients (78.4%) had two or more comorbidities. The bone mineral density was assessed in all cases except for five (9.8%). Results: In 49 cases (96.1%), the anterior fracture line followed the intertrochanteric line and passed through two bony prominences.In two cases (3.9%), the fracture line ran below the intertrochanteric line and involved a large fragment of the lesser trochanter. As the fracture line passed through the inferior medial bony prominence, it exhibited an S-shaped pattern rather than a straight line. The inferior medial bony prominence consisted of cortical bone, with an average thickness of 6.4±1.4 mm, which was significantly thicker than the surrounding average cortical bone thickness (1.5±0.6 mm) but thinner than the cortical bone thickness of the femoral shaft (7.3±1.3 mm).The fracture line in the superior lateral region of the intertrochanteric line included cancellous bone with a cortical bone thickness of 1.1±0.6 mm, which was thin. Conclusion The anterior fracture line followed the femoral intertrochanteric line and curves as it passed through the inferior medial bony prominence. The inferior medial bony prominence, consisting of cortical bone, was significantly thicker than the surrounding average cortical bone.

Recently, several breast surgeons have reported a new method for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) by using indocyanine green (ICG) with infrared camera. This study aimed to determine whether the lymph nodes (LNs) with ICG uptake are true SLNs and to assess the reliability of using only ICG for SLNB. Data were prospectively collected between April and September 2021. All palpable LNs were fat-trimmed and ordered from high to low signal of the gamma detector. The degree of radioisotope uptake and brightness of ICG staining of the axillary LNs detected with a fluorescent camera were compared and associated factors were analyzed. Discordance was defined as sentinel LNs (SLNs) showing a single uptake of radioisotope or fluorescence of ICG only, or when the orders of uptake and intensity degree were different between the 2 materials. A total of 79 SLNBs were performed on 78 patients with breast cancer. The breast cancer was classified as cTis-2N0-1. The discordance rate was 14/79 (17.7%) overall and 45/270 (16.7%) of the total retrieved axillary LNs. The first SLNs showed the lowest discordance rate of 6.3%, whereas the second and third SLNs showed higher discordance rates of 27.6% and 60.0%, respectively. There were no associated clinicopathologic factors that affected the discordance between uptake of radioisotope and fluorescence intensity of ICG. The use of ICG alone for SLNB may be insufficient because of the high discordance rates between radioisotopes and ICG uptake. However, the first SLN could be cautiously regarded as a true SLN.

Background: Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic pruritic skin disorder with a large number of hyperkeratotic nodules. The precise mechanisms of its pathogenesis remain unknown. PN has been linked to atopic dermatitis (AD), but its association remains unclear. Objective: We aimed to investigate the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of patients with PN and PN underlying AD (PN-AD). Methods: Eight patients were recruited for PN, PN-AD, and eight normal subjects, respectively. Skin tissues were obtained from patients and healthy subjects for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: Histological examination showed increased epidermal thickness and dermal inflammatory cell counts in the PN-AD and PN groups compared to normal subjects. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-18, IL-31, IL-33, interferon (IFN)-γ, stromal-derived factor (SDF) 1-α and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was increased in the tissues of PN-AD and PN groups, in which the staining intensities of IL-4, IL-13, SDF1-α and TSLP in the PN-AD group were higher than those in the PN group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conversely, the staining intensities of IL-18, IL-33 and IFN-γ were significantly higher in the PN group than those in the PN-AD group. Conclusion The pathogenesis of PN may differ from that of PN-AD, in which IL-18, IL-33 and IFN-γ may be associated, implying that epidermal injury is the initial cause of IL-18 and IL-33 induction, which then increases IFN-γ, resulting in the inflammatory process of PN.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to report real life experiences of sorafenib therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Korea, using a subset of data from GIDEON (Global Investigation of Therapeutic Decisions in HCC and of Its Treatment with Sorafenib; a large, prospective, observational study). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2009 and April 2012, a total of 497 patients were enrolled from 11 sites in Korea. Of these, 482 patients were evaluable for safety analyses. Case report forms of paper or electronic version were used to record safety and efficacy data from all patients. RESULTS: More patients of Child-Pugh A received sorafenib for > 8 weeks than did patients of Child-Pugh B (55.5% vs. 34.3%). Child-Pugh score did not appear to influence the starting dose of sorafenib, and approximately 70% of patients both in Child-Pugh A and B groups received the recommended initial daily dose of 800 mg (69.0% and 69.5%, respectively). The median overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) were 8.5 months and 2.5 months. In Child-Pugh A patients, the median OS and TTP were 10.2 months and 2.5 months. The most frequent treatment-emergent drug-related adverse event was hand-foot skin reaction (31.7%), followed by diarrhea (18.0%). The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar in both Child-Pugh A (85.4%) and Child-Pugh B (84.8%) patients. CONCLUSION: Sorafenib was well tolerated by Korean HCC patients in clinical settings, and the safety profile did not appear to differ by Child-Pugh status. Survival benefit in Korean patients was in line with that of a previous pivotal phase III trial (SHARP).
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Diarrhea ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Life Change Events ; Prospective Studies ; Skin

The Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC) is a national bioinformatics research center in Korea. We developed many bioinformatics algorithms and applications to facilitate the biological interpretation of OMICS data. Here we present an introduction to major bioinformatics resources of databases and tools developed at KOBIC. These resources are classified into three main fields: genome, proteome, and literature. In the genomic resources, we constructed several pipelines for next generation sequencing (NGS) data processing and developed analysis algorithms and web-based database servers including miRGator, ESTpass, and CleanEST. We also built integrated databases and servers for microarray expression data such as MDCDP. As for the proteome data, VnD database, WDAC, Localizome, and CHARMM_HM web servers are available for various purposes. We constructed IntoPub server and Patome database in the literature field. We continue constructing and maintaining the bioinformatics infrastructure and developing algorithms.
Computational Biology ; Genome ; Korea ; Proteome

We present here a case of recurrent rectal cancer liver metastasis that was managed with ante situm liver resection under total vascular exclusion (TVE) and venovenous bypass with hypothermic perfusion. A 58-year-old man who suffered with rectal cancer liver metastasis was transferred to our hospital in January 2006. A left lateral sectionectomy had been previously performed. Recurrent lesion developed in segments I, IV and VIII one year after the first hepatectomy. The tumor was 5 cm in diameter and it involved the confluence of the hepatic veins and the retrohepatic vena cava. An incomplete tumor-free margin and massive bleeding were expected with performing a conventional liver resection, together with vena cava reconstruction. Therefore, we planned an ante situm liver resection under TVE and venovenous bypass with hypothermic perfusion. After adhesiolysis, hilar dissection was carried out. The inflow to the medial segment was interrupted, and then the liver and inferior vena cava (IVC) were mobilized fully. During controlling the bleeding of a short hepatic vein, we found adhesion of the hepatocaval portion. Therefore, TVE and venovenous bypass were performed along with suprahepatic IVC transection. The long conduit of V5 was preserved during hepatic parenchymal dissection, and the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe was readily detached from the IVC. The suprahepatic IVC was reconstructed after V5 reconstruction with using the saphenous vein. Portal vein anastomosis was then conducted. After reperfusion, an end-to-side anastomosis was performed between the saphenous vein graft and the IVC. Finally, a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was carried out. The patient remains well without recurrence 12 months after the last operation.
Ants ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatectomy ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Liver ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Perfusion ; Portal Vein ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Recurrence ; Reperfusion ; Saphenous Vein ; Transplants ; Vena Cava, Inferior

Inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, has a potential risk of developing into colorectal cancer. However, there is little relationship between intestinal tuberculosis and colon cancer because intestinal tuberculosis is a curable disease and has a relatively short disease course. Nevertheless, there have been a few case reports of intestinal tuberculosis associated with colon cancer. There was a case report in which the carcinoma facilitated entry of tubercle bacilli with development of a secondary infection, and ulcerative lesions of tuberculosis may be precursors of carcinomas. We experienced a 77-year-old woman who had intestinal tuberculosis combined with ascending colon cancer. She visited our hospital because of abdominal pain and constipation. Colonoscopy showed a luminal obstruction mass in the ascending colon. Histologic examination revealed an adenocarcinoma. After surgery, the surgical specimen disclosed an adenocarcinoma in the cecum and ascending colon and intestinal tuberculosis around the cancer site of the cecum. Herein, we report a rare case of colon cancer co-existing with colonic tuberculosis with a review of the literature.
Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of epinephrine-containing local anesthetics on pulpal blood flow (PBF) and to investigate its effect on cavity preparation-induced PBF change. PBF was recorded using a laser Doppler flowmeter (Perimed Co., Sweden) from canines of nine cats under general anesthesia before and after injection of local anesthetics and after cavity preparation. 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine was administered by local infiltration given apical to the mandibular canine at the vestibular area and the same volume of isotonic saline was injected on the contralateral tooth as a control. A round carbide bur was operated at slow speed with isotonic saline flushing to grind spherical cavities with increasing depth through the enamel and into the dentin on both teeth. The obtained data was analyzed with paired t-test. Cavity preparation caused significant increase of PBF (n = 9, p < 0.05). Local infiltration of lidocaine with epinephrine resulted in decreases of PBF (n = 9, p < 0.05), whereas there was no significant change of PBF with the physiologic saline as a control. Cavity preparation on tooth anesthetized with lidocaine with epinephrine caused significantly less increase of PBF than in control tooth (p < 0.05). Therefore, the result of the present study demonstrates that local infiltration of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine effectively reduces PBF increase caused by cavity preparation.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local* ; Anesthetics, Local ; Animals ; Cats ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Epinephrine ; Flowmeters ; Flushing ; Lidocaine ; Neurogenic Inflammation ; Tooth*