ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of Huanglian Jiedutang （HLJDT） in treating mice with atherosclerosis （AS） by improving ferroptosis. MethodsA total of 10 SPF C57BL/6J mice were selected as a normal group， and 50 ApoE^-/- mice were randomly divided into five groups： model group， low-dose group of HLJDT， medium-dose group of HLJDT， high-dose group of HLJDT， and atorvastatin （ATV） group. ApoE^-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks to establish the AS model， and at the 9th week， they were given normal saline， low， medium， and high doses of HLJDT （3.9， 7.8， 15.6 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and atorvastatin calcium tablets （0.01 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， respectively， for a total of eight weeks. The formation of aortic plaque in mice was observed by gross oil red O staining and Masson staining. The levels of total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， triglyceride （TG）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） in blood fat were measured by the automatic biochemical analyzer， and the mitochondrial structure of the aorta was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The content of serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The content of reduced glutathione （GSH） in serum was detected by the microplate method， and that of malondialdehyde （MDA） in serum was detected by the TBA method. The protein expression of nuclear factor E₂-associated factor 2 （Nrf2）/glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） signaling pathway was detected by Western blot. ResultsCompared with those of the normal group， the contents of TC， LDL-C， TG， HDL-C， and MDA in the serum and the aortic vascular plaque deposition of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the expression levels of SOD and GSH in serum， as well as Nrf2， solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）， and GPX4 in aorta were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Mice in the model group appeared mitochondrial fragmentation and vacuolation in the aorta， volume atrophy， mitochondrial crista reduction， or a loose and disorganized form. Compared with those in the model group， the aortic vascular plaque deposition was significantly decreased in the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of HLJDT and ATV group， and the contents of serum TC， LDL-C， TG， and MDA in serum were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The contents of serum SOD and GSH and the expression levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 in the aorta were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the symptoms of aortic mitochondrial vacuolation were alleviated. The number of cristae was increased， and they were ordered neatly. ConclusionHLJDT can reduce aortic vascular plaque deposition， decrease blood lipid and MDA expression， increase SOD and GSH expression， and ameliorate the pathological changes of ferroptosis， the mechanism of which is related to the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Qingxin Jieyu granules （QXJYG） on FeCl₃-induced carotid artery thrombosis in rats and on the expression of thrombosis-related proteins tissue factor （TF） and tissue factor pathway inhibitor （TFPI） as well as the protein kinase B （Akt）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway in EA.hy926 cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， thus preliminarily exploring the mechanism of QXJYG in inhibiting thrombosis. MethodsThirty-six SD rats were randomized into normal control， model， positive control （aspirin， 9 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （0.99， 1.98， 3.96 g·kg^-1， respectively） QXJYG groups （n=6）. The rats in the drug treatment groups were administrated with corresponding drugs， and those in the normal control group and model group were given an equal volume of distilled water. After 14 consecutive days of prophylactic gavage， the rat model of common carotid artery thrombosis was established with 45% FeCl₃ solution， and the blood vessels were collected and the wet weight of thrombus was weighed by an electronic balance （precision of 1/10 000）. The thrombosis in the common carotid artery of each group of rats was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The plasma levels of von Willebrand factor （vWF）， platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 （PECAM-1）， tissue-type plasminogen activator （t-PA）， and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 （PAI-1） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An endothelial cell injury model was established by treating EA.hy926 human umbilical vein endothelial cells with TNF-α. The cell counting kit-8 method was used to screen the intervention concentrations of QXJYG. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of TF， TFPI， Akt， p-Akt， NF-κB p65， and p-NF-κB p65 in each group of cells. ResultsThe animal experiment showed that compared with the normal control group， the model group showed an increase in carotid artery thrombus weight （P<0.05）， with unclear vascular structure and extensive thrombosis in the lumen. In addition， the plasma levels of vWF， PECAM-1， and PAI-1 were elevated， while the t-PA level became lowered （P<0.05） in the model group. Compared with the model group， the aspirin and QXJYG groups showed reductions in the weight of FeCl₃-induced carotid artery thrombi （P<0.05） and thrombosis in the lumen， declines in plasma levels of PECAM-1 and PAI-1， and an elevation in the t-PA level （P<0.05）. Moreover， the QXJYG groups showed reductions in the plasma level of vWF （P<0.05）， which， however， had no significant difference between the aspirin group and the model group. The cell experiments indicated that 31.25， 62.5， 125， 250， 500 mg·L^-1 QXJYG had no effect on the viability of EA.hy926 cells. Therefore， 250， 500 mg·L^-1 QXJYG were selected as the intervention concentrations for subsequent experiments. Western blotting results showed that compared with the control group， the TNF-α stimulation downregulated the expression of TFPI （P<0.05）， upregulated the expression of TF， and increased the ratios of p-Akt/Akt and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 （P<0.05） in EA.hy926 cells. Compared with the model group， the intervention with QXJYG upregulated the expression of TFPI （P<0.05）， inhibited the expression of TF， and decreased the ratios of p-Akt/Akt and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 （P<0.05）. ConclusionQXJYG has the effect of inhibiting thrombosis and regulating the expression of TF and TFPI in endothelial cells exposed to TNF-α by suppressing the abnormal activation of the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Qingxin Jieyu granules on ventricular remodeling of mice after myocardial infarction， and their regulatory role in mitophagy. MethodsSixty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to six groups： sham-operated group， model group， Qingxin Jieyu granules low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （1.3， 2.6， 5.2 g·kg^-1）， and sacubitril valsartan sodium group （0.03 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice per group. Except for the sham-operated group， all other groups utilized left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to build a myocardial infarction model. Ultrasound was used to measure left ventricular parameters， including end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters （LVIDd， LVIDs）， diastolic and systolic posterior wall thickness （LVPWd， LVPWs）， end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes （LV Vold， LV Vols）， left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， and fractional shortening （LVFS）. Additionally， the heart mass index and heart weight/tibia length ratio of mice were calculated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to quantify brain natriuretic peptide （BNP）， creatine kinase isoenzyme （CK-MB）， angiotensinⅡ （AngⅡ）， and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） levels in the serum of mice. Histological analysis using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Masson staining was conducted to examine morphological changes in myocardial tissue. Immunohistochemistry assessed the expression of vascular growth factors， including basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）. Transmission electron microscopy was used to scrutinize mitochondrial morphology in the myocardial tissue of mice. Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase （p-AMPK） and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin （p-mTOR） proteins in myocardial tissue from each experimental group. ResultsCompared to the sham-operated group， the model group mice exhibited significantly elevated levels of LV Vold， LV Vols， LVIDd， LVIDs， cardiac mass index， heart weight/tibia length ratio， BNP， LDH， and p-mTOR protein expression （P<0.05）， along with decreased levels of LVPWd， LVPWs， LVEF， LVFS， and p-AMPK protein expression （P<0.05）. The model group also displayed substantial inflammatory cell infiltration， collagen deposition in myocardial cells， reduced expression of bFGF and VEGF， mitochondrial swelling， and cristae fragmentation. Compared to the model group， the sacubitril/valsartan group and mid-dose Qingxin Jieyu granules group showed significant reductions in LVIDs， LV Vold， LV Vols， BNP， CK-MB， LDH， and p-mTOR protein expression （P<0.05）， coupled with increases in LVEF， LVFS， and p-AMPK expression （P<0.05）. Improvements were observed across all treatment groups， including reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition， increased bFGF and VEGF expression， alleviated mitochondrial swelling， and the presence of autophagosomes and lysosomes. ConclusionThe results show that Qingxin Jieyu granules can regulate mitochondrial autophagy in myocardial tissue and inhibit ventricular remodeling to improve cardiac performance， by up-regulating the p-AMPK expression in the myocardial tissue of mice with ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction， and down-regulating the p-mTOR expression.

Background/Aims: Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (ERFA) is a treatment option for superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN), with a relatively low risk of stenosis; however, the long-term outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients with widespread superficial ESCN who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or ERFA. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with superficial ESCN who underwent ESD or ERFA between January 2015 and December 2021. The primary outcome measure was recurrence-free survival. Results: Ninety-two and 33 patients with superficial ESCN underwent ESD and ERFA, respectively. The en bloc, R0, and curative resection rates for ESD were 100.0%, 90.2%, and 76.1%, respectively. At 12 months, the complete response rate was comparable between the two groups (94.6% vs 90.9%, p=0.748). During a median follow-up of 66 months, recurrence-free survival was significantly longer in the ESD group than in the ERFA group (p=0.004), while no significant differences in overall survival (p=0.845) and disease-specific survival (p=0.494) were observed.Preoperative diagnosis of intramucosal cancer (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.55; vs high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) was an independent predictor of recurrence. Significantly fewer patients in the ERFA group experienced stenosis compare to ESD group (15.2% vs 38.0%, p=0.016). Conclusions The risk of recurrence was higher for ERFA than ESD for ESCN but overall survival was not affected. The risk of esophageal stenosis was significantly lower for patients who underwent ERFA.

Background/Aims: Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (ERFA) is a treatment option for superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN), with a relatively low risk of stenosis; however, the long-term outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients with widespread superficial ESCN who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or ERFA. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with superficial ESCN who underwent ESD or ERFA between January 2015 and December 2021. The primary outcome measure was recurrence-free survival. Results: Ninety-two and 33 patients with superficial ESCN underwent ESD and ERFA, respectively. The en bloc, R0, and curative resection rates for ESD were 100.0%, 90.2%, and 76.1%, respectively. At 12 months, the complete response rate was comparable between the two groups (94.6% vs 90.9%, p=0.748). During a median follow-up of 66 months, recurrence-free survival was significantly longer in the ESD group than in the ERFA group (p=0.004), while no significant differences in overall survival (p=0.845) and disease-specific survival (p=0.494) were observed.Preoperative diagnosis of intramucosal cancer (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.55; vs high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) was an independent predictor of recurrence. Significantly fewer patients in the ERFA group experienced stenosis compare to ESD group (15.2% vs 38.0%, p=0.016). Conclusions The risk of recurrence was higher for ERFA than ESD for ESCN but overall survival was not affected. The risk of esophageal stenosis was significantly lower for patients who underwent ERFA.

Background/Aims: Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (ERFA) is a treatment option for superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN), with a relatively low risk of stenosis; however, the long-term outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients with widespread superficial ESCN who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or ERFA. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with superficial ESCN who underwent ESD or ERFA between January 2015 and December 2021. The primary outcome measure was recurrence-free survival. Results: Ninety-two and 33 patients with superficial ESCN underwent ESD and ERFA, respectively. The en bloc, R0, and curative resection rates for ESD were 100.0%, 90.2%, and 76.1%, respectively. At 12 months, the complete response rate was comparable between the two groups (94.6% vs 90.9%, p=0.748). During a median follow-up of 66 months, recurrence-free survival was significantly longer in the ESD group than in the ERFA group (p=0.004), while no significant differences in overall survival (p=0.845) and disease-specific survival (p=0.494) were observed.Preoperative diagnosis of intramucosal cancer (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.55; vs high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) was an independent predictor of recurrence. Significantly fewer patients in the ERFA group experienced stenosis compare to ESD group (15.2% vs 38.0%, p=0.016). Conclusions The risk of recurrence was higher for ERFA than ESD for ESCN but overall survival was not affected. The risk of esophageal stenosis was significantly lower for patients who underwent ERFA.

Background/Aims: Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (ERFA) is a treatment option for superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN), with a relatively low risk of stenosis; however, the long-term outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients with widespread superficial ESCN who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or ERFA. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with superficial ESCN who underwent ESD or ERFA between January 2015 and December 2021. The primary outcome measure was recurrence-free survival. Results: Ninety-two and 33 patients with superficial ESCN underwent ESD and ERFA, respectively. The en bloc, R0, and curative resection rates for ESD were 100.0%, 90.2%, and 76.1%, respectively. At 12 months, the complete response rate was comparable between the two groups (94.6% vs 90.9%, p=0.748). During a median follow-up of 66 months, recurrence-free survival was significantly longer in the ESD group than in the ERFA group (p=0.004), while no significant differences in overall survival (p=0.845) and disease-specific survival (p=0.494) were observed.Preoperative diagnosis of intramucosal cancer (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.55; vs high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) was an independent predictor of recurrence. Significantly fewer patients in the ERFA group experienced stenosis compare to ESD group (15.2% vs 38.0%, p=0.016). Conclusions The risk of recurrence was higher for ERFA than ESD for ESCN but overall survival was not affected. The risk of esophageal stenosis was significantly lower for patients who underwent ERFA.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of brain-computer interface (BCI) based on visual, auditory and motor feedback combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on upper limb function in stroke patients. MethodsFrom March to October, 2023, 45 stroke inpatients in Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital and Xuzhou Central Hospital were divided into BCI group (n = 15), tDCS group (n = 15) and combined group (n = 15) randomly. All the groups received routine rehabilitation, while BCI group received BCI training, tDCS group received tDCS, while the combined group received tDCS and followed by BCI training immediately, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), modified Barthel Index (MBI) and delta-alpha ratio (DAR) and power ratio index (PRI) of electroencephalogram before and after treatment. ResultsThe scores of FMA-UE, ARAT and MBI increased in all the groups after treatment (|t| > 5.350, P < 0.001), and all these indexes were the best in the combined group (F > 3.366, P < 0.05); while DAR and PRI decreased in all the groups (|t| > 2.208 , P < 0.05), they were the best in the combined group (F > 5.224, P < 0.01). ConclusionBCI based on visual, auditory and motor feedback combined with tDCS can further improve the motor function of upper limbs and the activities of daily living of stroke patients.

Immunotherapy， as an emerging treatment method， has been proven to improve the prognosis of patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia （B-ALL） and has good application prospects. Immunotherapy， including chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy （CAR-T） and monoclonal antibodies， has shown great potential for application， and has been approved for marketing. This article summarizes the application of the above two therapies in the treatment of relapsed/ refractory B-ALL， and concludes that CAR-T is a kind of personalized immunotherapy， and the selection of ideal targets is an important part of its action. Currently， the ideal targets in clinical studies include CD19， CD22 and CD19/CD22. Monoclonal antibodies， including blinatumomab and inotuzumab ozogamicin， have shown superior therapeutic efficacy for relapsed/refractory B- ALL. Immunotherapy has shown superior therapeutic effects compared to conventional chemotherapy， expanding the selection of treatment options for relapsed/refractory B-ALL.

Objective:To explore the effect of "Internet plus" exercise prescription intervention on upper limb dysfunction and quality of life of breast cancer patients at home after surgery, so as to provide reference for health management of breast cancer patients after surgery.Methods:Adopting a prospective randomized controlled trial research method. From November 2021 to January 2023, 124 breast cancer patients in the breast and thyroid surgery department of Xiang′an Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University were selected for the study. According to the random number table method, they were randomly divided into an intervention group (62 cases) and a control group (62 cases). The control group patients were given routine training, and the intervention group patients received routine training in the first four weeks after operation, and "Internet plus" exercise prescription intervention in the fifth week after operation. The upper limb dysfunction, quality of life before and after the intervention and motor compliance after the intervention between the two groups were compared.Results:A total of 117 patients were ultimately included, and they were all female, with 58 patients in the intervention group aged (51.01 ± 9.77) years old and 59 patients in the control group aged (51.47 ± 9.85) years old. There was no statistically significant difference in upper limb dysfunction and quality of life between the two groups of patients before intervention ( P>0.05). After the intervention, the degree of upper limb dysfunction in the intervention group was (63.55 ± 7.02) points, which were lower than that in the control group (67.13 ± 7.25) points, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 2.71, P<0.01). After the intervention, the total score of quality of life and the scores of physiological status, social/family status, emotional status, functional status and additional attention of breast cancer patients in the intervention group were (115.27 ± 17.35), (22.65 ± 4.53), (22.79 ± 4.36), (20.96 ± 3.95), (19.56 ± 4.22), (29.31 ± 5.24) points, which were higher than those in the control group (104.28 ± 17.04), (20.57 ± 4.48), (20.85 ± 4.23), (18.75 ± 4.04), (17.18 ± 4.06), (26.93 ± 5.21) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.44-3.46, all P<0.05). In terms of exercise compliance of breast cancer patients in the intervention group, the aerobic exercise completion rate was 91.38% (53/58), muscle strength training completion rate was 77.59% (45/58), stretching exercise completion rate was 86.21% (50/58), exercise frequency was (3.96 ± 1.13) times/week, exercise duration was (29.51 ± 7.64) min/time, which was superior to 77.97% (46/59), 57.63% (34/59), 69.49% (41/59), (3.38 ± 0.94) times/week, (23.96 ± 7.33) min/time in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( χ2 = 4.04, 5.31, 4.73, t = 3.02, 4.01, all P<0.05). Conclusions:"Internet plus" exercise prescription intervention has the characteristics of convenience, intuition and strong operability, which is conducive to improving the upper limb dysfunction, quality of life and exercise compliance of breast cancer patients at home after surgery. It is recommended to be popularized and applied clinically.