The ability of androst-16-ene-3,6-diol, a compound derived from Lysimachia christinae, to enhancecognitive function was assessed in mice with scopolamine-induced amnesia. through behavioral and biochemical studies. The Morris water maze test demonstrated significant improvements in spatial learning and memory, with treated mice showing reduced escape latency, shorter path lengths, and enhanced swimming trajectories compared to scopolamine-treated controls. In the passive avoidance test, androst-16-ene-3,6-diol effectively restored retention memory, getting about 65% of the performance detected in control mice group. Biochemical analysis revealed that androst-16-ene-3,6-diol notably diminished acetylcholinesterase activity in the cortex and hippocampus, critical regions for learning and memory. These effects were comparable to those of donepezil, a standard acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used as a positive control (1 mg/kg orally). The findings indicate that androst-16-ene-3,6-diol exerts robust cognitive-enhancing effects by mitigating scopolamine-induced cholinergic deficits through acetylcholinesterase inhibition. This highlights its potential as a promising therapeutic candidate for memory impairment and neurodegenerative disorders.

Oxidative stress, a key factor in the progression of brain diseases, induces apoptosis through multiplepathways. This study investigates the protective effects of Euonymus elatus, a traditional Korean remedy for conditions such as atherosclerosis, dysmenorrhea, and pain, on neuronal cells under oxidative stress. Excess glutamate was used to model oxidative stress, resulting in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺), reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased activity of glutathionerelated enzymes, including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Experimental results revealed that E. elatus extract provided significant cytoprotective effects. The extracts improved cell viability in MTT assays, reduced ROS and Ca²⁺ levels, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhanced the activity of GR and GPx. These findings highlight the potential of E. elatus as a therapeutic candidate for mitigating oxidative stress and treating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.

The ability of androst-16-ene-3,6-diol, a compound derived from Lysimachia christinae, to enhancecognitive function was assessed in mice with scopolamine-induced amnesia. through behavioral and biochemical studies. The Morris water maze test demonstrated significant improvements in spatial learning and memory, with treated mice showing reduced escape latency, shorter path lengths, and enhanced swimming trajectories compared to scopolamine-treated controls. In the passive avoidance test, androst-16-ene-3,6-diol effectively restored retention memory, getting about 65% of the performance detected in control mice group. Biochemical analysis revealed that androst-16-ene-3,6-diol notably diminished acetylcholinesterase activity in the cortex and hippocampus, critical regions for learning and memory. These effects were comparable to those of donepezil, a standard acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used as a positive control (1 mg/kg orally). The findings indicate that androst-16-ene-3,6-diol exerts robust cognitive-enhancing effects by mitigating scopolamine-induced cholinergic deficits through acetylcholinesterase inhibition. This highlights its potential as a promising therapeutic candidate for memory impairment and neurodegenerative disorders.

Oxidative stress, a key factor in the progression of brain diseases, induces apoptosis through multiplepathways. This study investigates the protective effects of Euonymus elatus, a traditional Korean remedy for conditions such as atherosclerosis, dysmenorrhea, and pain, on neuronal cells under oxidative stress. Excess glutamate was used to model oxidative stress, resulting in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺), reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased activity of glutathionerelated enzymes, including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Experimental results revealed that E. elatus extract provided significant cytoprotective effects. The extracts improved cell viability in MTT assays, reduced ROS and Ca²⁺ levels, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhanced the activity of GR and GPx. These findings highlight the potential of E. elatus as a therapeutic candidate for mitigating oxidative stress and treating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.

The ability of androst-16-ene-3,6-diol, a compound derived from Lysimachia christinae, to enhancecognitive function was assessed in mice with scopolamine-induced amnesia. through behavioral and biochemical studies. The Morris water maze test demonstrated significant improvements in spatial learning and memory, with treated mice showing reduced escape latency, shorter path lengths, and enhanced swimming trajectories compared to scopolamine-treated controls. In the passive avoidance test, androst-16-ene-3,6-diol effectively restored retention memory, getting about 65% of the performance detected in control mice group. Biochemical analysis revealed that androst-16-ene-3,6-diol notably diminished acetylcholinesterase activity in the cortex and hippocampus, critical regions for learning and memory. These effects were comparable to those of donepezil, a standard acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used as a positive control (1 mg/kg orally). The findings indicate that androst-16-ene-3,6-diol exerts robust cognitive-enhancing effects by mitigating scopolamine-induced cholinergic deficits through acetylcholinesterase inhibition. This highlights its potential as a promising therapeutic candidate for memory impairment and neurodegenerative disorders.

Oxidative stress, a key factor in the progression of brain diseases, induces apoptosis through multiplepathways. This study investigates the protective effects of Euonymus elatus, a traditional Korean remedy for conditions such as atherosclerosis, dysmenorrhea, and pain, on neuronal cells under oxidative stress. Excess glutamate was used to model oxidative stress, resulting in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺), reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased activity of glutathionerelated enzymes, including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Experimental results revealed that E. elatus extract provided significant cytoprotective effects. The extracts improved cell viability in MTT assays, reduced ROS and Ca²⁺ levels, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhanced the activity of GR and GPx. These findings highlight the potential of E. elatus as a therapeutic candidate for mitigating oxidative stress and treating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.

The ability of androst-16-ene-3,6-diol, a compound derived from Lysimachia christinae, to enhancecognitive function was assessed in mice with scopolamine-induced amnesia. through behavioral and biochemical studies. The Morris water maze test demonstrated significant improvements in spatial learning and memory, with treated mice showing reduced escape latency, shorter path lengths, and enhanced swimming trajectories compared to scopolamine-treated controls. In the passive avoidance test, androst-16-ene-3,6-diol effectively restored retention memory, getting about 65% of the performance detected in control mice group. Biochemical analysis revealed that androst-16-ene-3,6-diol notably diminished acetylcholinesterase activity in the cortex and hippocampus, critical regions for learning and memory. These effects were comparable to those of donepezil, a standard acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used as a positive control (1 mg/kg orally). The findings indicate that androst-16-ene-3,6-diol exerts robust cognitive-enhancing effects by mitigating scopolamine-induced cholinergic deficits through acetylcholinesterase inhibition. This highlights its potential as a promising therapeutic candidate for memory impairment and neurodegenerative disorders.

Oxidative stress, a key factor in the progression of brain diseases, induces apoptosis through multiplepathways. This study investigates the protective effects of Euonymus elatus, a traditional Korean remedy for conditions such as atherosclerosis, dysmenorrhea, and pain, on neuronal cells under oxidative stress. Excess glutamate was used to model oxidative stress, resulting in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺), reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased activity of glutathionerelated enzymes, including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Experimental results revealed that E. elatus extract provided significant cytoprotective effects. The extracts improved cell viability in MTT assays, reduced ROS and Ca²⁺ levels, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhanced the activity of GR and GPx. These findings highlight the potential of E. elatus as a therapeutic candidate for mitigating oxidative stress and treating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.

The ability of androst-16-ene-3,6-diol, a compound derived from Lysimachia christinae, to enhancecognitive function was assessed in mice with scopolamine-induced amnesia. through behavioral and biochemical studies. The Morris water maze test demonstrated significant improvements in spatial learning and memory, with treated mice showing reduced escape latency, shorter path lengths, and enhanced swimming trajectories compared to scopolamine-treated controls. In the passive avoidance test, androst-16-ene-3,6-diol effectively restored retention memory, getting about 65% of the performance detected in control mice group. Biochemical analysis revealed that androst-16-ene-3,6-diol notably diminished acetylcholinesterase activity in the cortex and hippocampus, critical regions for learning and memory. These effects were comparable to those of donepezil, a standard acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used as a positive control (1 mg/kg orally). The findings indicate that androst-16-ene-3,6-diol exerts robust cognitive-enhancing effects by mitigating scopolamine-induced cholinergic deficits through acetylcholinesterase inhibition. This highlights its potential as a promising therapeutic candidate for memory impairment and neurodegenerative disorders.

Oxidative stress, a key factor in the progression of brain diseases, induces apoptosis through multiplepathways. This study investigates the protective effects of Euonymus elatus, a traditional Korean remedy for conditions such as atherosclerosis, dysmenorrhea, and pain, on neuronal cells under oxidative stress. Excess glutamate was used to model oxidative stress, resulting in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺), reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased activity of glutathionerelated enzymes, including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Experimental results revealed that E. elatus extract provided significant cytoprotective effects. The extracts improved cell viability in MTT assays, reduced ROS and Ca²⁺ levels, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhanced the activity of GR and GPx. These findings highlight the potential of E. elatus as a therapeutic candidate for mitigating oxidative stress and treating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.