Objective To investigate the infection status and changing trend of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in hospitalized patients in medical institutions,and provide reference for formulating HCV infection prevention and control strategies.Methods HCV infection surveillance results from cross-sectional survey data reported to China Healthcare-associated Infection(HAI)Surveillance System in 2020 were summarized and analyzed,HCV positive was serum anti-HCV positive or HCV RNA positive,survey result was compared with the survey results from 2003.Results In 2020,1 071 368 inpatients in 1 573 hospitals were surveyed,738 535 of whom underwent HCV test,4 014 patients were infected with HCV,with a detection rate of 68.93％and a HCV positive rate of 0.54％.The positive rate of HCV in male and female patients were 0.60％and 0.48％,respectively,with a statistically sig-nificant difference(x2=47.18,P＜0.001).The HCV positive rate in the 50-＜60 age group was the highest(0.76％),followed by the 40-＜50 age group(0.71％).Difference among all age groups was statistically signifi-cant(x2=696.74,P＜0.001).In 2003,91 113 inpatients were surveyed.35 145 of whom underwent HCV test,resulting in a detection rate of 38.57％;775 patients were infected with HCV,with a positive rate of 2.21％.In 2020,HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales were 0.46％-0.63％,with the highest in hospital with bed numbers ranging 600-899.Patients'HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales was statistically signifi-cant(X2=35.34,P＜0.001).In 2020,12 provinces/municipalities had over 10 000 patients underwent HCV-rela-ted test,and HCV positive rates ranged 0.19％-0.81％,with the highest rate from Hainan Province.HCV posi-tive rates in different departments were 0.06％-0.82％,with the lowest positive rate in the department of pedia-trics and the highest in the department of internal medicine.In 2003 and 2020,HCV positive rates in the depart-ment of infectious diseases were the highest,being 7.95％and 3.48％,respectively.Followed by departments of orthopedics(7.72％),gastroenterology(3.77％),nephrology(3.57％)and general intensive care unit(ICU,3.10％)in 2003,as well as departments of gastroenterology(1.35％),nephrology(1.18％),endocrinology(0.91％),and general intensive care unit(ICU,0.79％)in 2020.Conclusion Compared with 2003,HCV positive rate decreased significantly in 2020.HCV infected patients were mainly from the department of infectious diseases,followed by departments of gastroenterology,nephrology and general ICU.HCV infection positive rate varies with gender,age,and region.

Adult ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/etiology* ; Middle Aged ; Parks, Recreational/supply & distribution* ; Prevalence ; Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data* ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Young Adult

Objective: To our knowledge, no definitive conclusion has been reached regarding the relationship between glucocorticoids and hypertension. Here, we aimed to explore the characteristics of glucocorticoids in participants with dysglycemia and hypertension, and to analyze their association with blood pressure indicators. Methods: The participants of this study were from the Henan Rural Cohort study. A total of 1,688 patients 18-79 years of age were included in the matched case control study after application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical methods were used to analyze the association between glucocorticoids and various indices of blood pressure, through approaches such as logistic regression analysis, trend tests, linear regression, and restricted cubic regression. Results: The study population consisted of 552 patients with dysglycemia and hypertension (32.7%). The patients with co-morbidities had higher levels of serum cortisol ( Conclusions Serum deoxycortisol was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, mean blood pressure, and mean proportional arterial pressure. Glucocorticoids (deoxycortisol and cortisol) increase the risk of hypertension in people with dysglycemia, particularly in those with T2DM.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Pressure ; Case-Control Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/blood* ; Glycemic Load ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood* ; Hypertension/etiology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the feasibility of the adjustable brace asymmetric tethering in concave side for establishing a porcine scoliosis model.Methods Six minority piglets (aged 8-10-week-old, weight 8-10 kg) were selected and the adjustable brace asymmetric tethering in concave side were applied during the procedure.Roentgenography was performed before and immediately after the operation, and 1, 2 and 3 months after the procedure.Cobb angles were measured based in the plain radiograph.Results A piglet died for narcotic drug overdose and the other 5 pigs succeeded in modeling.The cobb angles were (9.0 ±1.6) ° in one month, (11.8 ±1.3) ° in two months and (21.6 ±2.4) ° in three months after the operation . Conclusion It's is an effective way to establish the porcine model of rapidly progressive structural scoliosis by the adjustable brace asymmetric tethering in concave side.It avoids the damage to the spinal elements and could be an ideal model for further study on corrective techniques.

Objectives: To analyze and understand the risk factors related to HIV new infections among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: A longitudinal observational study among MSM was conducted to collect information on HIV related behaviors and sero-conversion. Univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to discuss the risk factors for HIV new infection. Results: A total number of 4 305 MSM were followed during 2013-2015. Among those self-reported MSM who are seeking partners on the Interner tended to have higher proportion on receptive anal intercourse and consistent condom use during anal intercourse than the subgroups seeking their partners in gay bars or bathrooms. HIV incidence among followed MSM during the study period appeared as 4.3/100 person years, with adjusted RR (aRR) of HIV infection for receptive anal intercourse as group 2.20 (95% CI: 1.49-3.24) times than that of insertion anal intercourse group. Those who used rush-poppers (aRR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.10-2.17), unprotected anal intercourse (aRR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.62-3.08), and those with syphilis infection (aRR=2.95, 95%CI: 2.00-4.35) were also risk factors for HIV new infections. After controlling other factors, the relationship between the ways of seeking partners and HIV new infection was not statistical significant. Conclusion: Risk factors for HIV new infection among MSM appeared complex and interactive, suggesting that further studies are needed to generate tailored strategies for the prevention of HIV epidemic among MSM population.
Adult ; Cohort Studies ; HIV Infections/diagnosis* ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Unsafe Sex

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of entecavir maleate (ETV) versus ETV in Chinese patients with hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB).

METHODSThe patient population of this previously published randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, controlled, multicenter study was expanded by patients in the 0.5 mg/day ETV maleate group (total n = 110) and patients in the 0.5 mg/day ETV group (total n = 108). At treatment weeks 12, 24 and 48, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels were measured by the Roche Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas Taqman PCR assay. Adverse events (AE) were recorded.

RESULTSAs in the original analysis, the two treatment groups showed similar characteristics at baseline. In addition, the results for the all therapeutic effects showed identical trends to the results obtained in the original analysis, including the statistically similar effects of ETV and ETV maleate treatment-induced decreases in mean HBV DNA level at weeks 12, 24, and 48 (ETV: by 4.28, 5.00, and 5.53 log10 IU/ml vs. ETV maleate: by 4.46, 4.99, and 5.51 log10 IU/ml, respectively; all vs. baseline P more than 0.05), achievement of undetectable levels of serum HBV DNA ( less than 20 IU/ml) at week 48 (ETV: 38.18% vs. ETV maleate: 35.19%; P more than 0.05), HBeAg loss rates at week 48 (ETV: 10.91% vs. ETV maleate: 12.96%; P more than 0.05), HBeAg seroconversion rates at week 48 (ETV: 7.77% vs. ETV maleate: 10.38%; P more than 0.05), normalization of alanine aminotransferase at week 48 (ETV: 75.47% vs. ETV maleate: 82.86%; P more than 0.05), and overall incidence of AE (ETV: 18.02% vs. ETV maleate: 17.43%; P more than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPerforming analysis of the therapeutic efficacies of entecavir maleate versus entecavir with a larger study population confirmed our original findings of similar efficacy and safety profiles for these two drugs in patients with HBeAg-positive CHB.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Guanine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

This study was purposed to investigate the effects of magnetic nanoparticle of Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-MNPs) on murine immune system. ICR mice were assigned randomly into four groups which were treated with normal saline, low, middle and high dose of MNP-Fe3O4 respectively. The mice were killed after being exposed by intragastric administration for 2 weeks. The ratios of spleen weight to body weight, lymphocyte transformation rate in spleen suspension and phagocytic index of macrophage in abdominal cavity were detected. The results showed that the ratios of spleen weight to body weight in Fe3O4-MNP groups were not significantly different in comparison with the control (p > 0.05). The lymphocyte transformation rate in spleen suspension in Fe3O4-MNP groups were all higher than that in control group (-0.1775 +/- 0.0246), especially in the middle dose group (0.1833 +/- 0.0593) (p < 0.05), and the phagocytic index of macrophages in abdominal cavity of middle dose group (0.2051 +/- 0.0213) was higher than that of control group and other two Fe3O4-MNP group (low dose 0.1538 +/- 0.0100, high dose 0.1511 +/- 0.0184) (p < 0.05). It is concluded that suitable dose of Fe3O4-MNP can enhance the cellular immune activity and phagocytic function of macrophages of mice.
Animals ; Immunity, Cellular ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Phagocytosis

This study was purposed to construct and identify the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) eukaryotic expression vector for targeting gene mdr-1 which may play an important role in K562/A02. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) aiming at the target sequence was to synthesized, the 3491-3509, 1539-1557and 3103-3121 nucleotide of mdr-1 mRNA were selected as targets. The selected nucleotides were cloned in the plasmid pGCSilencer-U6-neo-GFP respectively, and the resultant recombinant plasmids were named as pGY1-1, pGY1-2 and pGY1-3. The sequences of the recombinant plasmids were identified by DNA sequencing and PCR electrophoresis. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into the cell line K562/A02 by lipofection. After being transfected for 48 hours, the inhibition of mdr-1 mRNA was detected by real time-PCR, and P-gp expression was detected by Western blot. The results showed that the specific oligonucleotide was cloned into the vector successfully, and the expression of mdr-1 mRNA and P-gp in K562/A02 cells was reduced after transfecting the recombinant plasmid, as compared to the control group. It is concluded that the shRNA eukaryotic expression vector has been successfully established which can inhibit the expression of mdr-1 mRNA, setting up the basis to futher explore the effects of mdr-1 on cell line of K562/A02.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Plasmids ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection

This study was aimed to explore the potential therapy of Gambogic acid (GA) combined with magnetic nanoparticle of Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-MNP) on leukemia. The proliferation of U937 cells and the cytotoxicity were evaluated by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was observed and analyzed by microscopy and flow cytometry respectively. The expressions of gene and protein were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot respectively. The results showed that GA enhanced the cytotoxicity for U937 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. The Fe3O4-MNP itself had not cytotoxicity, but could enhance the inhibitory effect of GA on proliferation of U937 cells. The apoptotic rate of U937 cells induced by combination of GA with Fe3O4-MNP was higher than that by GA alone. The typical apoptotic features of cells treated with GA and Fe3O4-MNP were observed. The expression levels of caspase-3 and bax after co-treatment of GA and Fe3O4-MNP were higher than that exposed to GA or Fe3O4-MNP alone, but the expressions of bcl-2, NF-kappaB and survivin were down-regulated. It is concluded that Fe3O4-MNP can promote GA-induced apoptosis in U937 cells, and the combination of GA with Fe3O4-MNP may be a safer and less toxic new therapy for leukemia.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Humans ; Iron Compounds ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Magnetics ; Nanoparticles ; U937 Cells ; Xanthones ; pharmacology

Multidrug resistance (MDR) plays a major role in the failure of cancer chemotherapy. Since Fe(3)O(4)-magnetic nanoparticle loaded with daunorubicin (DNR) can overcome multidrug-resistance of K562 cells in vitro, the effect of Fe(3)O(4)-magnetic nanoparticle loaded with DNR on multidrug-resistant K562 cells was studied in vivo, the K562-n and its MDR counterpart K562-n/VCR cells were inoculated subcutaneously into both sides of the back of nude mice to establish a human leukemia xenograft model. The mice were randomly divided into group A receiving normal saline, group B receiving DNR, group C receiving Fe(3)O(4)-magnetic nanoparticle, group D receiving Fe(3)O(4)-magnetic nanoparticle loaded with DNR and group E receiving Fe(3)O(4)-magnetic nanoparticle containing DNR with a magnetic field built on the surface of the tumor tissue. The tumor volume was measured on the day 1, 5, 9, 13, 17 and 21 after the first treatment. Tumor tissues were isolated for examination of the expression of mdr-1 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The results showed that for K562-n/VCR tumor, the tumor volume was markedly lower in groups D and E than that in groups A, B and C. Pathological observation revealed that the tumor cells of group A and B grew well, some disseminated necrosis and some cells with karyorrhexis and karyopyknosis existed in group C. However, significant fracture, necrosis of cell and subsequently fibrosis were seen in group D and E. The transcription of mdr-1 gene in groups D and E was significantly lower than that in groups A, B and C (group D and E vs group A, B or C, p < 0.05). However, there were no differences about the protein expression of P-gp between these groups. The tumor volume of K562-n in groups C, D and E was markedly lower than that in groups A and B (group C, D and E vs group A or B, p < 0.05). Pathological observation showed that the tumor cell of group A and B grew well, and no obvious necrosis was observed. Significant fracture, necrosis of cell and subsequently fibrosis were seen in group C, D and E. It is concluded that DNR-loaded Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles can suppress the growth of the MDR K562-n/VCR tumor in vivo, but can not further enhance its efficacy on the sensitive K562-n tumor as compared to DNR alone. The additional external magnetic field failed to further improve the antitumor effect in vivo.
Animals ; Daunorubicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; Magnetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays