Objective To analyze the infection status of human papilloma virus (HPV),Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU),Chlamydia trachomatis (CT),and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in clinical patients.Methods The laboratory specimens including urine,urethral swabs,and cervical swabs from 870 patients from January 1st 2014 to December 31st 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. HPV-DNA was detected by multiplex fluorescent PCR,and the UU-RNA,CT-RNA,and NG-RNA were determined by isothermal nucleic acid amplification. The positive rate of each pathogen and the distribution of positive rate between male and female patients were calculated. The samples were further divided into HPV-positive group and HPV-negative group,and the positive rates of UU-RNA,CT-RNA,and NG-RNA in these two groups were compared.Results The highest positive rate was 53.68%(467/870) for UU-RNA,followed by HPV-DNA [32.41%(282/870) ]and NG-RNA [2.18%(19/870)]. The total positive rate of high-risk (HR)-HPV(subtypes:16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,and 68) [31.52%(209/663)]and UU in female patients [60.93%(404/663)] was significantly higher than that in male patients [17.39%(36/207),30.34%(63/207)](both P<0.001). The male patients had significantly higher CT positive rate in HR-HPV-positive group than in HR-HPV-negative group [22.58%(7/31) vs. 4.54%(8/176)](P<0.001). The female patients had significantly higher CT positive rate in HR-HPV-positive group than in HR-HPV-negative group [10.5%(21/200) vs. 5.61%(26/463)](P=0.024). The UU-RNA positive rate of females in the low-risk (LR)-HPV (subtypes:6 and 11) positive group was significantly higher than that in LR-HPV negative group [70.83%(34/48) vs.2.11%(13/615)](P<0.001).Conclusions Women are more susceptible to HR-HPV and UU infections. HR-HPV-positive patients are more likely to experience CT infection. In contrast,co-infection with UU is more common in LR-HPV-positive females.
Chlamydia Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Gonorrhea ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; isolation & purification ; Papillomaviridae ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureaplasma Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the semen quality and its influencing factors in preconception males in Nanjing area so as to provide some evidence for working out effective intervention measures.

METHODSTotally 687 men receiving preconceptional physical examination were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the subjects along with an analysis of their semen quality.

RESULTSThe median of sperm concentration was 63.3 x 10(6)/ml (95% CI [19.88-119] x 10(6)/ml). The median of grade a sperm was 33.03% (95% CI [19.38-55.05]%), that of grade a + b sperm was 52.08% (95% CI [39.53-69.37]%), and that of teratosperm was 91.75% (95% CI [69-100]%). The median concentration of seminal plasma PMN-elastase was 195.55 ng/ml (95% CI [76.16-3330.38] ng/ml) and that of seminal plasma zinc was 7.62 μmol/L (95% CI [1.5-23, 45] μmol/L). The positive rates of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) were 42.4%, 0.3%, and 2.4%, respectively. The median of sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of those whose wives had a history of adverse pregnancy was 20.25% (95% CI [2.15-68.25]%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that mental stress (OR 1.567, 95% CI [1.081-2.27]) and sedentariness (OR 1.772, 95% CI [1.211-2.592]) were independent risk factors for asthenospermia.

CONCLUSIONThe sperm quality of preconception males in Nanjing area is not encouraging, and it can be improved by changing undesirable lifestyle and reducing mental stress.

Adult ; Asthenozoospermia ; etiology ; China ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; isolation & purification ; DNA Fragmentation ; Gardnerella vaginalis ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Leukocyte Elastase ; analysis ; Male ; Preconception Care ; Semen ; microbiology ; Semen Analysis ; statistics & numerical data ; Sperm Count ; statistics & numerical data ; Spermatozoa ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; isolation & purification

BACKGROUND: The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the leading causes of sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. Since no simple and effective tool exists to diagnose C. trachomatis infections, we evaluated a novel point-of-care (POC) test, aQcare Chlamydia TRF kit, which uses europium-chelated nanoparticles and a time-resolved fluorescence reader. METHODS: The test performance was evaluated by comparing the results obtained using the novel POC testing kit with those obtained using a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), using 114 NAAT-positive and 327 NAAT-negative samples. RESULTS: The cut-off value of the novel test was 20.8 with a detection limit of 0.27 ng/mL. No interference or cross-reactivity was observed. Diagnostic accuracy showed an overall sensitivity of 93.0% (106/114), specificity of 96.3% (315/327), positive predictive value (PPV) of 89.8% (106/118), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.5% (315/323). The sensitivity of the novel test was much higher than that of currently available POC tests. Furthermore, the relative ease and short turnaround time (30 min) of this assay enables C. trachomatis-infected individuals to be treated without a diagnostic delay. CONCLUSIONS: This simple and novel test is a potential tool to screen a larger population, especially those in areas with limited resources.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chlamydia Infections/*diagnosis ; Chlamydia trachomatis/*genetics/isolation & purification ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; Europium/*chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metal Nanoparticles/*chemistry ; Middle Aged ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult

Trichomonas vaginalis, a causative agent of trichomoniasis, may trigger symptomatic or asymptomatic nongonococcal urethritis and chronic prostatitis in men. Despite the availability of highly sensitive diagnostic tests, such as nucleic acid amplification tests, including PCR, few prospective studies present data on male T. vaginalis infection in South Korea. In the present study, the prevalence of T. vaginalis and associated clinical conditions were evaluated in 201 male patients from a primary care urology clinic in South Korea. The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection in our cohort was 4% (8/201) by PCR. T. vaginalis infection was common in men older than 40 years (median age, 52 years). Among the 8 Trichomonas-positive patients, 87.5% (7/8) had prostatic diseases, such as prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 25.0% (2/8) and 12.5% (1/8) were coinfected with Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium, respectively. Our results suggest that T. vaginalis infection is not rare in men attending primary care urology clinics in South Korea, especially in those older than 40 years, in whom it may explain the presence of prostatic disease. The possibility of T. vaginalis infection should be routinely considered in older male patients with prostatic diseases in South Korea.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Chlamydia Infections/parasitology ; Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification ; Coinfection ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoplasma Infections/parasitology ; Mycoplasma genitalium/isolation & purification ; *Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prostatitis/epidemiology/*parasitology ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Trichomonas Infections/*diagnosis ; Trichomonas vaginalis/*isolation & purification ; Young Adult

Lymphocytic ascites with low serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) are observed mainly in tuberculous peritonitis, peritoneal carcinomatosis, and pancreatic disease. However, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) induced generalized peritonitis causing diffuse ascites has been rarely described. We report a 26-year old female patient, who was diagnosed as generalized peritonitis with diffuse ascites due to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Gynecologic examination did not show the clue of PID and in the analysis of ascites, low SAAG, predominant lymphocyte count and high level of adenosine deaminase were noted. Although the best impression was tuberculous peritonitis on the base of these findings, the laparoscopic finding was consistent with PID and the PCR for C. trachomatis infection in cervical swab was positive. This case suggests that C. trachomatis peritonitis should be considered as a rare cause of low SAAG and lymphocytic ascites in sexually active women and should be intensively evaluated including laparoscopic examination.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Ascites/diagnosis/metabolism/therapy ; Ascitic Fluid/chemistry ; Cephalosporins/therapeutic use ; Chlamydia Infections/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Chlamydia trachomatis/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Peritonitis/*diagnosis/etiology/radiography ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous/diagnosis ; Serum Albumin/metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the nonbacterial pathogens in children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Nanjing.

METHODSThe presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) was determined by quantitative PCR in the nasopharyngeal samples from 1 592 hospitalized children with ARI. Common respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), influenza virus types A and B (IVA and IVB), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, 3(PIV-1, 2, 3) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV), were detected using direct immunofluorescence assay.

RESULTSMP and CT were detected in 25.7% and 2.4% of the 1 592 samples respectively. The overall positive rate of respiratory viruses was 40.9%. Among the viruses, the top detected virus was RSV (61.3%), followed by PIV-3 (6.7%) and hMPV (4.9%). Mixed infection among MP, CT and viruses was observed in 107 cases (6.7%). The infants under 1 year old were susceptible to mix-infection (68/107, 63.6%).

CONCLUSIONSRespiratory virus is the main pathogen responsible for ARI in children from Nanjing. RSV is the most commonly identified virus. MP is also the frequently identified pathogen for ARI in children. Mixed infection is common in infants under 1 year old.

Adenoviruses, Human ; isolation & purification ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Metapneumovirus ; isolation & purification ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; isolation & purification ; Orthomyxoviridae ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between the colonization of group B streptococci (GBS), mycoplasma,and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections and spontaneous abortion due to early embryonic death.

METHODSTotally 74 patients (study group) who experienced the missed abortion during their first or second trimester and 62 women (control group) who underwent induced termination of normal pregnancy during the first or second trimester were enrolled in this study. The vaginal secretions, intrauterine aspirates, and amniotic fluids were collected for GBS culture. Cervical mycoplasma (UU+MH) and CT were detected at the same time.

RESULTSPositive results of GBS culture of vaginal secretions were detected in 9 patients (12.16%) in the study group, but in only 6 patients (9.68%) in control group (P=0.662). The intrauterine aspirate samples (as well as the amniotic fluid samples) of all cases were negative in GBS culture. The positive rates of UU and MH were 32.43% (24/74) and 16.22% (12/74) in the study group, but were only 10.35% (12/62) (P=0.0103) and 6.45 (4/62) (P=0.042) in the control group. The positive rate of CT was 8.11% (6/74) in the study group and 8.06 % (5/62) in the control group (P=0.905). The rate of concurrent infection of GBS and mycoplasma was 4.05% (3/74) in the study group and 6.45% (4/62) in the control group (P=0.743). The rate of concurrent infection of GBS and CT was 0 in the study group and 1.61% (1/62) in the control group (P=0.475). The rate of concurrent mycoplasma and CT infection was 2.70% (2/74) in the study group and 0 in the control group (P=0.325). Furthermore, no one was positive for poly infection of all these three pathogens.

CONCLUSIONSGBS may be positive in the genital tract of some pregnant women but is not related with early abortion. The mycoplasma infection may be one of the reasons leading to arrested intrauterine pregnancy.

Abortion, Spontaneous ; microbiology ; Adult ; Cervix Uteri ; microbiology ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Mycoplasma ; isolation & purification ; Pregnancy ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; isolation & purification ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the infection and the drug resistance status of mycoplasma and chlamydiae in genitourinary tracts of children with suspected nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) and provide information for clinical rational administration of antimicrobial agents.

METHODSSamples of genitourinary tract secretion from 146 children who were suspected of having nongonococcal urethritis or colpitis were collected and tested for mycoplasma via culture and for chlamydia with antigen detection. Meanwhile, susceptibility test was carried out on the samples which were positive in mycoplasma cultivation. Chlamydia antigen was detected by the polymer conjugate-enhanced (PCE) indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (IDEIA PCE Chlamydia; DAKO). The mycoplasma culture medium was produced by Nanjing Liming Biological Products Co,. Ltd. Antibiotics used for susceptibility test were erythromycin, roxithromycin, josamycin, leucomycin, meleumycin, rovamycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, cycloate erythromycin, and clindamycin.

RESULTSFifteen samples were positive for Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) by antigen detection (10.3%), 82 samples were positive in mycoplasma cultivation (56.2%), and among the 82 samples, 58 were positive for Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu, 39.7%), 9 were positive for Mycoplasma hominis (Mh, 6.2%), and 15 were positive for Uu and Mh (10.3%). Of all the samples, 4 were positive for both Uu and Ct (2.7%). The rates of drug resistance of the 10 commonly used antibiotics were as follows: erythromycin 32.9%, roxithromycin 41.5%, josamycin 19.5%, leucomycin 22.0%, meleumycin 28.0%, rovamycin 30.5%, azithromycin 37.8%, clarithromycin 26.8%, davercin 24.4%, and clindamycin 26.8%, respectively. The results indicated that drug resistance rates of josamycin and leucomycin were the lowest, and the rates of roxithromycin and azithromycin were the highest.

CONCLUSIONSThe infection rates of mycoplasma and chlamydia in children suspected NGU were high. Mycoplasma showed drug resistance to a different degree to 10 common antibiotics. The results of chemosensitivity showed that josamycin had the highest susceptibility rate.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chlamydia Infections ; microbiology ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mycoplasma Infections ; microbiology ; Mycoplasma hominis ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Ureaplasma Infections ; microbiology ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; drug effects ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the role of pathogenic microorganisms commonly associated with chronic eye disease, including Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2, and adenovirus type 8 and type 19, in the development of primary ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in Chinese patients.

METHODSSixty-eight archival cases of primary ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative lesions, including 38 cases of MALT lymphoma, 3 cases of non-MALT lymphoma and 27 cases of chronic inflammation, were enrolled into the study. DNA was extracted from the paraffin-embedded tissue samples. The presence of DNA of C. psittaci, C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae, HSV type 1, HSV type 2, adenovirus type 8 and adenovirus type 19 were analyzed by multiplex touchdown enzyme time-release polymerase chain reaction (TETR-PCR).

RESULTSAll of the specimens yielded PCR products of over 100 base pairs and were thus suitable for TETR-PCR screening of infectious agents. The prevalence of DNA of C. psittaci, C. trachomatis and adenovirus type 19 were 0 in MALT lymphoma, non-MALT lymphoma and chronic inflammation. There were 2 cases positive for C. pneumoniae DNA, amongst the 38 cases of MALT lymphoma studied (5.3%, 2/38). HSV type 1, HSV type 2 and adenovirus type 8 DNA was found in each of the 3 patients with chronic inflammation.

CONCLUSIONThe study indicates that C. psittaci, C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae, HSV type 1, HSV type 2, adenovirus type 8 and adenovirus type 19 probably play little role in the pathogenesis of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma in Chinese patients.

Adenovirus Infections, Human ; virology ; Adenoviruses, Human ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Chlamydia Infections ; microbiology ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Chlamydophila Infections ; microbiology ; Chlamydophila pneumoniae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Chlamydophila psittaci ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; DNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Eye Infections ; microbiology ; virology ; Eye Neoplasms ; microbiology ; virology ; Herpes Simplex ; virology ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Herpesvirus 2, Human ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; microbiology ; virology ; Psittacosis ; microbiology

BACKGROUND: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis (FHC) syndrome is inflammation of the liver capsule associated with pelvic inflammatory disease. We measured Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies in 30 female patients with acute abdominal pain for diagnosis of FHC-syndrome, and the results were compared with other tests. METHODS: A dual-polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of C. trachomatis in the cervix, and a micro-immunofluorescence test was performed to measure the antibody to C. trachomatis in serum. Cervical specimens were stained with Gram stain and cultured on chocolate agar for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) and pelvic examinations were performed. RESULTS: Of the 30 patients examined, 19 were diagnosed as having FHC-syndromes and 11 abdominal pains without FHC-syndrome. C. trachomatis was detected from one of the five patients studied, and no N. gonorrhoeae was isolated from the patients with FHC-syndrome. High titers of IgG antibody (1:512-1:1,024) to C. trachomatis were demonstrated in all patients with FHC-syndrome. The CT scan revealed perihepatitis in 14 patients with FHC-syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: All patients with FHC-syndrome are associated with C. trachomatis infections, and a high titer of C. trachomatis antibody (IgG) is a very useful marker for FHC-syndrome.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis ; Cervix Uteri/chemistry ; Chlamydia Infections/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Chlamydia trachomatis/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Female ; Hepatitis/diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis ; Immunoglobulin M/analysis ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/complications/*diagnosis ; Syndrome ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult