Chinese medicine (CM) diagnosis intellectualization is one of the hotspots in the research of CM modernization. The traditional CM intelligent diagnosis models transform the CM diagnosis issues into classification issues, however, it is difficult to solve the problems such as excessive or similar categories. With the development of natural language processing techniques, text generation technique has become increasingly mature. In this study, we aimed to establish the CM diagnosis generation model by transforming the CM diagnosis issues into text generation issues. The semantic context characteristic learning capacity was enhanced referring to Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BILSTM) with Transformer as the backbone network. Meanwhile, the CM diagnosis generation model Knowledge Graph Enhanced Transformer (KGET) was established by introducing the knowledge in medical field to enhance the inferential capability. The KGET model was established based on 566 CM case texts, and was compared with the classic text generation models including Long Short-Term Memory sequence-to-sequence (LSTM-seq2seq), Bidirectional and Auto-Regression Transformer (BART), and Chinese Pre-trained Unbalanced Transformer (CPT), so as to analyze the model manifestations. Finally, the ablation experiments were performed to explore the influence of the optimized part on the KGET model. The results of Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU), Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation 1 (ROUGE1), ROUGE2 and Edit distance of KGET model were 45.85, 73.93, 54.59 and 7.12, respectively in this study. Compared with LSTM-seq2seq, BART and CPT models, the KGET model was higher in BLEU, ROUGE1 and ROUGE2 by 6.00-17.09, 1.65-9.39 and 0.51-17.62, respectively, and lower in Edit distance by 0.47-3.21. The ablation experiment results revealed that introduction of BILSTM model and prior knowledge could significantly increase the model performance. Additionally, the manual assessment indicated that the CM diagnosis results of the KGET model used in this study were highly consistent with the practical diagnosis results. In conclusion, text generation technology can be effectively applied to CM diagnostic modeling. It can effectively avoid the problem of poor diagnostic performance caused by excessive and similar categories in traditional CM diagnostic classification models. CM diagnostic text generation technology has broad application prospects in the future.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Asian People ; Language ; Learning

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a massive impact on global social and economic development and human health. By combining traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with modern medicine, the Chinese government has protected public health by supporting all phases of COVID-19 prevention and treatment, including community prevention, clinical treatment, control of disease progression, and promotion of recovery. Modern medicine focuses on viruses, while TCM focuses on differential diagnosis of patterns associated with viral infection of the body and recommends the use of TCM decoctions for differential treatment. This differential diagnosis and treatment approach, with its profoundly empirical nature and holistic view, endows TCM with an accessibility advantage and high application value for dealing with COVID-19. Here, we summarize the advantage of and evidence for TCM use in COVID-19 prevention and treatment to draw attention to the scientific value and accessibility advantage of TCM and to promote the use of TCM in response to public health emergencies. Please cite this article as: Huang M, Liu YY, Xiong K, Yang FW, Jin XY, Wang ZQ, Zhang JH, Zhang BL. The role and advantage of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(5): 407-412.
Humans ; Asian People ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Pandemics/prevention & control*

Objective To explore the short-term efficacy of digitally-assisted traditional Chinese medicine manual reduction combined with 3D printed splint in the treatment of AO type-A distal radius fractures, and explore the quantification of traditional Chinese medicine manual reduction and personalized improvement of splinting. Methods The clinical data of 50 patients with AO type-A distal radius fractures, who received treatment at the outpatient department of Cangzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital in Hebei Province, were retrospective analyzed. The patient cohort included 22 females and 28 males, with ages ranging from 25 to 75 years old. Among them, 27 cases presented with distal radius fractures on the left side, and 24 cases on the right side. The patients were categorized into two groups: treatment group (n=25) and control group(n=25). There were 13 males and 12 females in the treatment group, with an average age of (56.2±5.5) years old. Treatment approach for this group involved several steps. Initially, Mimics Research software was used to conduct comprehensive analysis of complete CT data from the affected limb, resulting in the creation of a three-dimensional model. Subsequently, 3D models of the bones and skin contours, stored as STL format files, were imported into the Materialise Magics 23.0 software for model processing and repair. This facilitated the simulation of reduction and recording of displacement data, effectively generating a "digital prescription" to guide and quantify traditional Chinese medicine manipulation procedures. Finally, a personalized 3D printed splint was applied for fixation treatment. There were 15 males and 10 females in the control group, with an average age of (53.32±5.28) years old. These patients were treated with manualreduction combined with traditional splinting. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was assessed in terms of fracture reduction quality, fracture healing time, Gartland-Werley wrist joint score and X-ray parameters (palminclination angle, ulnar deviation angle, radius height) at 6 weeks post-operatively. Results The treatment group exhibited a shorter duration for achieving clinical healing compared to the control group (P<0.05). Six weeks post-operatively, the treatment group demonstrated higher wrist joint function scores, and a higher proportion of excellent and good outcomes than the control group(P<0.05). The treatment group was superior to the control group in terms of imaging parameters 6 weeks post-operatively (P<0.05). Conclusion By quantifying skin contours through digital simulation prescription reduction, a personalized 3D printed splint is developed to effectively stabilize fractures, enhancing localized fixation while ensuring greater adherence, stability, and comfort. This innovative approach offers personalized treatment for AO type-A distal radius fractures and presents a novel, precise treatment strategy for consideration.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; East Asian People ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Retrospective Studies ; Splints ; Wrist Fractures/therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Therapy, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Manipulation, Orthopedic/methods* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Precision Medicine/methods*

There are inconsistencies in treatment outcomes, measurement instruments, and criteria for assessing clinical effectiveness in studies related to distal radius fractures (DRF), resulting in potential biases and failing to provide high-quality clinical evidence. To address these challenges, international researchers have reached a consensus on developing the core outcome indicator set for distal radius fractures(COS-DRF). However, it's important to note that the existing COS-DRF framework could not reflect the unique characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment. Currently, there are no established standards for treatment outcomes and measurement instruments specific to TCM clinical research, nor has a COS-DRF been established for TCM clinical studies in China. In light of these gaps, our research team aims to construct a core set of treatment outcomes for TCM clinical research on distal radius fractures. This involves compiling a comprehensive list of treatment outcomes and measurement instruments, initially derived from a thorough literature review and expert consensus, which will then undergo further refinement and updates based on real-world clinical experiences, incorporating feedback from 2 to 3 rounds of expert consensus or Delphi questionnaire surveys. Our goal is to establish a COS-DRF or CMS-DRF that aligns with the principles and practices of TCM, and provide high-quality evidence for clinical practice.
Humans ; China ; Consensus ; East Asian People ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Wrist Fractures/therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Review Literature as Topic ; Fracture Fixation/standards*

OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the efficacy of traditional Chinese therapy in the treatment of ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW). METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP were retrieved by computer and were used to collect a randomized controlled trials (RCT) of traditional Chinese therapy for ICU-AW. The retrieval time was from databases establishment to December 2021. After 2 researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias included in the study, and RevMan 5.4 software was used for Meta-analysis. RESULTS: 334 articles were selected, totally 13 clinical studies and 982 patients were included, including 562 in the trial group and 420 in the control group. Meta-analysis results showed that traditional Chinese therapy could improve clinical efficacy of ICU-AW patients [relative risk (RR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.20 to 1.52, P < 0.000 01], improve the muscle strength [Medical Research Council score (MRC score); standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.00, 95%CI was 0.67 to 1.33, P < 0.000 01], improve daily life ability [modified Barthel index score (MBI score); SMD = 1.67, 95%CI was 1.20 to 2.14, P < 0.000 01], shorten mechanical ventilation time (SMD = -1.47, 95%CI was -1.84 to -1.09, P < 0.000 01), reduce the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay [mean difference (MD) = -3.28, 95%CI was -3.89 to -2.68, P < 0.000 01], reduce the total hospitalization time (MD = -4.71, 95%CI was -5.90 to -3.53, P < 0.000 01), reduce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; MD = -4.55, 95%CI was -6.39 to -2.70, P < 0.000 01) and interleukin-6 (IL-6; MD = -5.07, 95%CI was -6.36 to -3.77, P < 0.000 01). There was no obvious advantage in reducing the severity of the disease [acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II; SMD = -0.45, 95%CI was -0.92 to 0.03, P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Based on the current research, traditional Chinese therapy can improve the clinical efficacy of ICU-AW, improve muscle strength and daily life ability, shorten mechanical ventilation, the length of ICU stay and total hospitalization time, reduce TNF-α and IL-6. But traditional Chinese therapy can not reduce the overall disease severity.
Humans ; APACHE ; East Asian People ; Intensive Care Units ; Interleukin-6 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Muscle Weakness/therapy*

In this study, the evidence mapping was employed to systematically analyze the clinical research literature and learn the distribution of evidence on the prevention and treatment of essential hypertension with Chinese patent medicines in recent six years. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched for the relevant literature published from January 2016 to December 2021. The distribution characteristics of evidence were analyzed and presented in charts combined with words. A total of 263 studies were selected, including 238 intervention studies, 17 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis, and 8 observation studies. A total of 72 Chinese patent medicines were involved, among which Songling Xuemaikang Capsules had the highest frequency. In China, the attention to the treatment of essential hypertension with Chinese patent medicines was insufficient, as manifested by the declining number of published literature and the low quality of studies. There were cases of off-label use and medication without syndrome differentiation in clinical practice. Some outcome indicators failed to embody the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine and there were cases ignoring the end-point outcome indicators. The overall quality of systematic reviews/Meta-analysis was low, and a variety of studies failed to draw valid conclusions. In the future, it is necessary to standardize the clinical medication and improve the quality of randomized controlled trial(RCT), so as to produce high-quality evidence-based medical evidence and provide strong support for the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicines in the prevention and treatment of essential hypertension.
Humans ; Asian People ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Essential Hypertension/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nonprescription Drugs/therapeutic use* ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; Meta-Analysis as Topic

OBJECTIVES: Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis (HA) remains the mainstay on treatment for intrauterine adhesions (IUA). The fertility outcome of patients with moderate and severe intrauterine adhesions after HA is still far from satisfactory. Estrogen combined with progesterone is the most common treatment; however, they do not help in improving the fertility rate to the maximum because of the limitations. This retrospective, non-randomized controlled study will assess the effects of traditional Chinese medicine Yangmo decoction after HA in restoration of the endometrium and improvement of the fertility rate. METHODS: A total of 427 patients, who met the inclusion criteria, aged between 20 and 45 years and diagnosed with moderate or severe IUA underwent HA at the Third Xiangya Hospital from January to August 2021, were enrolled for this study. Participants were assigned into 2 groups: A Yangmo decoction group (n=213, patients were given Yangmo decoction consisting of Ginseng flower, Sanchi flower, Daidai flower, Snow lotus, Licorice and so on after HA), and an estrogen and progesterone group (n=214, patients were given estrogen and progesterone after HA). The following basic information was collected retrospectively for both groups, including age, parity, history of abortion, menstrual status, and times of hysteroscopic interventions. American Fertility Society (AFS) score was used by a senior surgeon and the density of opening of endometrial glands was evaluated during HA. The parameters were obtained from three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (3D-TVUS) preoperatively and postoperatively, to evaluate the efficacy of Yangmo decoction, estrogen, and progesterone. All patients were followed up on telephone to determine the fertility rate until 6 months from the last HA. RESULTS: Based on the basic information collected preoperatively, there were no significant differences between the groups (all P>0.05). Postoperatively, patients in the Yangmo decoction group had a better surgical success rate with a more significant AFS reduction (P<0.001), better density of opening of endometrial glands in the uterine cavity (P<0.000 1) after HA, and a better fertility rate (40.4%) in the time of 6 months after the last HA than those of the estrogen and progesterone group. CONCLUSIONS Yangmo decoction has better therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of intrauterine adhesion after HA than the combined effect of estrogen and progesterone. Yangmo decoction helps restore the endometrium and improve the fertility rate, therefore, it can be adopted as a routine practice for IUA patients who have fertility requirements.
Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Progesterone/therapeutic use* ; East Asian People ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Estrogens/therapeutic use*

Administration, Intravenous ; Asian People ; Consensus ; Humans ; Iron ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

This article explores the Hyangyakjipseongbang, which was published in 1433, in view of the Chosnization of the Chinese medicine. This study discusses the structure of combination between the Chosn medicine and the Chinese medicine by analyzing the process of publication, the transmission of the Korean traditional medical books, the diseases and the prescriptions of Hyangyakjipseongbang. Most prescriptions of Hyangyakjipseongbang had been collected from the Chinese medical books. And the editors of Hyangyakjipseongbang, Chosn medical scientists, made an intensive investigation into the Chinese medicine and reconciled the official names of the Hyangyak(Korean traditional herbs) with the Chinese herbs. With the acception of the Chinese disease system including gynecology and pediatrics, Hyangyakjipseongbang was similar to the Chinese medical books such as Seonghyebang and Seongjechongrok. So Hyangyakjipseongbang became a general medical book which aimed to treat all kind of the East Asian diseases with the Hyangyak. However Hyangyakjipseongbang was one of the famous Chosn medical books. This book was regarded as the revised edition of Hyangyakjesaengjipseongbang, which was published in 1399. The list of chapters, formation of texts of Hyangyakjipseongbang and Hyangyakjesaengjipseongbang were much alike, besides some sentences of two books were coincided. An important point is that new diseases were created with the Publication of Hyangyakjipseongbang. Various symptoms like jaundice and nonstop runny nose of the Chinese medicine were recognized as the diseases in Chosn, and the proper treatments should be needed. Even though the formation of Hyangyakjipseongbang complied with that of the Chinese medical books on the whole, Chosn medical scientists chosen the prescriptions and decided the chapter order. And some diseases of Hyangyakjipseongbang were related with the infectious diseases and diabetes which were rampant in the late Kory period and the early Chosn period. It's certain that the Chinese medicine was adopted in accordance with the real state and demand of the Chosn society. So it can be said that new diseases had been created with the acception of the Chinese medicine and chosen with the circumstances of the Chosn society. It was the way of the Chosnization of the Chinese medicine.
Books/*history ; China ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/history ; History of Medicine ; History, 15th Century ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/*history ; Medicine, Korean Traditional/*history ; Republic of Korea

In China, the roots of several species of Paeonia plants in the Paeoniaceae family have been used as crude drugs under the names of Ji-shao-yao, or the red peony, and Bai-shao-yao, or the white peony, since olden times. While in Japan, the simply dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas has been used as the Chinese crude drug Shao-yao, or Shakuyaku in Japanese. As for the origins of the modern “red” and “white” peony names, there have been a variety of theories, e.g. the names were perhaps derived from differences in their root or flower colors, or whether they were wild or cultivated. Based on our herbological study, we have concluded that the dried root with a cork surface was named the red peony, and those peeled cork layers, the white peony. During the Ming Dynasty, in China, the root of wild peonies such as Paeonia veiitchii and P. obovata, whose flowers are reddish, were processed into the red peony, while cultivated peony root of the white flowered variety, P. lactiflora, was processed into the white peony drug. Because of this coincidence in flower color and name of the processed product, red flowered varieties or wild plants came to be called the plant origin of the red peony, while the white flowered varieties or cultivated plants came to be called the white peony.
Red color ; Plant Roots ; Peony ; Paeonia ; Chinese People