ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Qingxin Jieyu granules （QXJYG） on FeCl₃-induced carotid artery thrombosis in rats and on the expression of thrombosis-related proteins tissue factor （TF） and tissue factor pathway inhibitor （TFPI） as well as the protein kinase B （Akt）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway in EA.hy926 cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， thus preliminarily exploring the mechanism of QXJYG in inhibiting thrombosis. MethodsThirty-six SD rats were randomized into normal control， model， positive control （aspirin， 9 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （0.99， 1.98， 3.96 g·kg^-1， respectively） QXJYG groups （n=6）. The rats in the drug treatment groups were administrated with corresponding drugs， and those in the normal control group and model group were given an equal volume of distilled water. After 14 consecutive days of prophylactic gavage， the rat model of common carotid artery thrombosis was established with 45% FeCl₃ solution， and the blood vessels were collected and the wet weight of thrombus was weighed by an electronic balance （precision of 1/10 000）. The thrombosis in the common carotid artery of each group of rats was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The plasma levels of von Willebrand factor （vWF）， platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 （PECAM-1）， tissue-type plasminogen activator （t-PA）， and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 （PAI-1） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An endothelial cell injury model was established by treating EA.hy926 human umbilical vein endothelial cells with TNF-α. The cell counting kit-8 method was used to screen the intervention concentrations of QXJYG. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of TF， TFPI， Akt， p-Akt， NF-κB p65， and p-NF-κB p65 in each group of cells. ResultsThe animal experiment showed that compared with the normal control group， the model group showed an increase in carotid artery thrombus weight （P<0.05）， with unclear vascular structure and extensive thrombosis in the lumen. In addition， the plasma levels of vWF， PECAM-1， and PAI-1 were elevated， while the t-PA level became lowered （P<0.05） in the model group. Compared with the model group， the aspirin and QXJYG groups showed reductions in the weight of FeCl₃-induced carotid artery thrombi （P<0.05） and thrombosis in the lumen， declines in plasma levels of PECAM-1 and PAI-1， and an elevation in the t-PA level （P<0.05）. Moreover， the QXJYG groups showed reductions in the plasma level of vWF （P<0.05）， which， however， had no significant difference between the aspirin group and the model group. The cell experiments indicated that 31.25， 62.5， 125， 250， 500 mg·L^-1 QXJYG had no effect on the viability of EA.hy926 cells. Therefore， 250， 500 mg·L^-1 QXJYG were selected as the intervention concentrations for subsequent experiments. Western blotting results showed that compared with the control group， the TNF-α stimulation downregulated the expression of TFPI （P<0.05）， upregulated the expression of TF， and increased the ratios of p-Akt/Akt and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 （P<0.05） in EA.hy926 cells. Compared with the model group， the intervention with QXJYG upregulated the expression of TFPI （P<0.05）， inhibited the expression of TF， and decreased the ratios of p-Akt/Akt and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 （P<0.05）. ConclusionQXJYG has the effect of inhibiting thrombosis and regulating the expression of TF and TFPI in endothelial cells exposed to TNF-α by suppressing the abnormal activation of the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of sleep deprivation on the expression of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in the cerebellum of immature mice.Methods:Fifty SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 4 weeks, weighing 14-16 g, were divided into 2 groups ( n=25 each) using a random number table method: control group (Con group) and sleep deprivation group (SD group). The chronic sleep deprivation model was prepared by using the multi-platform water environment method, with 20 h of sleep deprivation per day for 10 consecutive days. After sleep deprivation, a balance beam experiment was performed to test the balance and coordination ability of mice. The mice were sacrificed after anesthesia and cerebellar lobular IV-VI (4-6 cb) tissues were taken for microscopic examination of the ultrastructure (with a transmission electron microscope) and for determination of the dendritic spine density of cerebellar 4-6cb Purkinje neurons (by Golgi staining), co-expression of SIRT6 and Calbindin D-28k (CbD-28k) and expression of glucose transporter Glut3 of cerebellar 4-6cb (by immunofluorescence staining). Results:Compared with group Con, the duration of passage through the balance beam was significantly prolonged, and the number of posterior foot slips was increased, the synaptic gap of cerebellar 4-6cb neurons was increased, the thickness of postsynaptic density was increased, the density of dendritic spines of Purkinje cells and the number of positive cells co-expressing SIRT6 and CbD-28k were decreased, and the expression of Glut3 was down-regulated in group SD ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which sleep deprivation decreases the abilities of balance and coordination is related to down-regulating SIRT6 expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells and decreasing neuronal glucose metabolism, thus damaging the synaptic plasticity of cerebellum in immature mice.

Background Workers in printing jobs are exposed to a variety of organic solvents at low levels for a long period of time. Previous studies have focused on the main components in Material Safety Data Sheet or high-risk occupational hazardous agents, but have not been able to comprehensively and accurately identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in printing jobs. Objective To qualitatively analyze the VOCs in ink, detergent, varnish, fountain solution, and other raw and auxiliary materials by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and to accurately identify the occupational hazardous agents in printing jobs. Methods Raw and auxiliary materials used in printing jobs in 6 printing enterprises in Shanghai were sampled by headspace sampling, analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, identified by National Institute of Standards & Technology ( NIST) Standard Library and retention time, and quantified by peak area percentage. Results A total of 181 VOCs were reported in the headspace of 25 organic solvent samples, with a total detection frequency of 337 items and 13.2±12.3 VOCs per sample. The most frequently detected VOCs category was naphthene, with a total of 69 items detected (22.5%), dominated by cyclohexane. The characteristics of VOCs components in the headspace of different types of samples were different. The largest number of VOCs was detected in the headspace of detergent samples, with an average of 31.5 VOCs detected. The characteristic components in detergent were aromatic hydrocarbons and ester compounds; alcohols were the characteristic components in varnish; and ester compounds were the characteristic components in ink. The results of cluster analysis showed that ethanol, toluene, ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, and acetone were occupational hazardous agents with high levels of exposure in printing jobs. Conclusion Many kinds of organic solvents used in printing process are difficult to identify by traditional methods. Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry can help to accurately identify VOCs in the workplace, so as to more accurately assess the occupational hazards, and to provide a technical basis for guiding occupational health monitoring and implementing corresponding occupational health risk management and control.

Objective:To explore the bioaccessibility of the main metal components in welding fume welding fume in simulated lung fluid, and to evaluate the exposure level of each metal component in combination with the EPA inhalation exposure risk assessment model.Methods:In November 2022, the microscopic morphology characteristics of welding fumes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, the bioaccessibility of each metal component in lung fluid simulated normal and lung inflammatory states was analyzed by in vitro simulation method, and the exposure level of each metal component was calculated in combination with the EPA inhalation exposure risk assessment model.Results:The main metal components in carbon dioxide gas shielded welding fumes were Fe, Mn, Zn, Ti, Al, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni and As, and the bioaccessibility in simulated normal lung interstitial fluid was 0.82%-1.84%, 5.07%-9.41%, 4.52%-7.23%, 5.10%-8.67%, 20.48%-29.60%, 5.27%-9.83%, 4.80%-7.56%, 0.07%-1.08%, 6.48%-13.84% and 33.02%-42.81%. The bioaccessibility of the above metal components in the lung fluid under simulated lung inflammation was 14.79%-27.45%, 34.53%-46.11%, 35.31%-59.13%, 16.45%-22.51%, 60.78%-76.51%, 26.58%-34.12%, 15.32%-25.87%, 2.0%-5.7%, 34.77%-43.33% and 71.34%-88.36%, respectively. Compared with the simulated lurg interstitial fluid, the bioaccessibility of metal components in the lung fluid under the simulated inflammatory state was increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The average daily exposure dose Mn in the two simulated lung fluids exceeded the inhalation reference limit (>50 times), and the average daily exposure dose Ti and Cr in the simulated lung inflammation exceeded the reference limit (>1.3 times) . Conclusion:Attention should be paid to the bioaccessibility characteristics of metal components in the exposure level and hazard assessment of welding fumes.

Objective To study the possibility of using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)with CTAn software to analyze bone resistance during mandibular third molar extraction surgery.Methods Fifty-three patients who underwent CBCT scans for third molars at the Department of Stomatology from January 1st 2021 to July 31th 2023 were induded,involving a total of 91 mandibular third mo-lars.CTAn software was used to analyze the buccal and lingual bone volume regions around mandibular third molars in CBCT images,assessing three-dimensional bone microstructural parameters.Results Significant differences(P＜0.05)in tissue volume,trabecular bone volume/tissue volume,bone surface/trabecular bone volume,bone surface/tissue volume,and bone mineral density between the buccal and lingual bone volume areas were observed in both the total sample and in stratified analyses based on themesially inclined/verticalmandibular third molar impactionand gender.In high/mid-level mesially inclined and vertical impactions,females showed more significant differences in microstructural parameters of the buccal and lingual bone volume compared to males.Conclusion The inte-gration of CBCT with CTAn software offers a viable method for assessing bone resistance during mandibular third molar extractions.Lin-gual bone exhibits greater bone tissue content,denser trabeculae with smaller tissue volume compared to buccal bone.During mandibu-lar third molar extraction,compressing the buccal alveolar bone helps create trabecular compression space more easily.Additionally,the buccal alveolar bone is more amenable to grinding than the lingual side,thereby achieving a reasonable buccal dislocation of root.For female patients with high/mid-level mesially inclined and vertical impactions of the mandibular third molars,a buccal approach is more advisable to be followed.The evaluation of bone microstructural parameters and accurate determination of bone resistance offer valuable insights for the minimally invasive removal of impacted teeth.

Objective:To explore the bioaccessibility of the main metal components in welding fume welding fume in simulated lung fluid, and to evaluate the exposure level of each metal component in combination with the EPA inhalation exposure risk assessment model.Methods:In November 2022, the microscopic morphology characteristics of welding fumes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, the bioaccessibility of each metal component in lung fluid simulated normal and lung inflammatory states was analyzed by in vitro simulation method, and the exposure level of each metal component was calculated in combination with the EPA inhalation exposure risk assessment model.Results:The main metal components in carbon dioxide gas shielded welding fumes were Fe, Mn, Zn, Ti, Al, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni and As, and the bioaccessibility in simulated normal lung interstitial fluid was 0.82%-1.84%, 5.07%-9.41%, 4.52%-7.23%, 5.10%-8.67%, 20.48%-29.60%, 5.27%-9.83%, 4.80%-7.56%, 0.07%-1.08%, 6.48%-13.84% and 33.02%-42.81%. The bioaccessibility of the above metal components in the lung fluid under simulated lung inflammation was 14.79%-27.45%, 34.53%-46.11%, 35.31%-59.13%, 16.45%-22.51%, 60.78%-76.51%, 26.58%-34.12%, 15.32%-25.87%, 2.0%-5.7%, 34.77%-43.33% and 71.34%-88.36%, respectively. Compared with the simulated lurg interstitial fluid, the bioaccessibility of metal components in the lung fluid under the simulated inflammatory state was increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The average daily exposure dose Mn in the two simulated lung fluids exceeded the inhalation reference limit (>50 times), and the average daily exposure dose Ti and Cr in the simulated lung inflammation exceeded the reference limit (>1.3 times) . Conclusion:Attention should be paid to the bioaccessibility characteristics of metal components in the exposure level and hazard assessment of welding fumes.

Intestinal fungal dysbiosis is closely associated with the development and progression of many diseases including tumors. The disruption of fungal communities is involved in tumorigenesis and progression through inducing aberrant host immune responses and the production of certain metabolites as well as promoting the establishment of interactions with bacteria. Fungal dysbiosis is a potential marker for early detection of digestive tumors and a factor influencing the efficacy of tumor therapy. Studying the association between gut fungi and digestive tumors may facilitate the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of digestive tumors.

Objective To investigate the correlation between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the severity of hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) and the value of AIP combined with Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) score in the early prediction of severe HTG-AP (sHTG-AP). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 170 patients with HTG-AP who were hospitalized in The General Hospital of Central Theater Command from January 2017 to December 2021, and according to related guidelines, they were divided into the sHTG-AP group with 28 patients and non-sHTG-AP group with 142 patients. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all patients within 24 hours after admission, and the two groups were compared in terms of sex, age, laboratory test results, AIP, BISAP score, and modified CT severity index (MCTSI) score. The chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to investigate the correlation between each factor and the severity of HTG-AP, and the binary logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the independent risk factors for sHTG-AP. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess the predictive efficacy of each indicator. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in the medical history of diabetes, lymphocyte count, albumin, Ca 2+ , triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, AIP, BISAP score, MCTSI score, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs (all P < 0.05). The sHTG-AP group had a longer length of hospital stay, higher hospital costs, and a higher AIP value. AIP (odds ratio [ OR ]=1.244, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 1.062-1.458, P =0.007), BISAP score ( OR =5.525, 95% CI : 1.646-18.543, P =0.006), and MCTSI score ( OR =2.029, 95% CI : 1.245-3.305, P =0.004) were risk factors for sHTG-AP. AIP, BISAP score, and MCTSI score were positively correlated with the severity of HTG-AP ( r =0.291, 0.631, and 0.649, all P < 0.001), and AIP was positively correlated with BISAP score and MCTSI score ( r =0.190 and 0.215, both P < 0.05). AIP had an optimal cut-off value of 1.095 in predicting sHTG-AP, and AIP, BISAP score, and AIP combined with BISAP score had an area under the ROC curve of 0.759, 0.887, 0.925, respectively, a sensitivity of 0.821, 0.857, and 0.786, respectively, and a specificity of 0.627, 0.817, and 0.937, respectively (all P < 0.001). Conclusion AIP is a risk factor for sHTG-AP and is correlated with disease severity, and AIP combined with BISAP score has a relatively high value in the early prediction of sHTG-AP.

Objective:To understand the regular leisure-time physical activity status of residents aged ≥60 years in China and to explore the potential influencing factors.Methods:National Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance were conducted in 298 counties (districts) in China in 2018, which covered 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to select 194 779 permanent residents aged ≥18 years, using a questionnaire containing the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. A face-to-face survey to obtain demographic information about the survey respondents, the frequency of moderate and vigorous-intensity leisure-time physical activity in their spare time and time, and other information related to chronic diseases and risk factors. Daily temperatures of 298 monitored counties (districts) in 2018 were obtained by inversion of satellite remote sensing data information such as MODIS, OMI, and AIRS, and the number of parks in 2017 was obtained by me. In this study, 68 379 residents aged ≥60 years who completed the survey and had complete information on leisure-time physical activity-related variables, temperature, and parks were used as survey respondents, and the prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity and average weekly exercise time was calculated by gender in groups of age, urban and rural areas, education level, and geography. Multi-factor logistic regression models were used to analyze the individual and environmental influences on the regular exercise rate. All the results were weighted according to a complex sampling scheme.Results:The prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity of residents aged ≥60 years in China in 2018 was 13.1% (95% CI: 12.1%-14.0%). The figures were slightly higher for men [13.6% (95% CI: 12.6%-14.7%)] than for women [12.5% (95% CI: 11.5%-13.5%)]; urban [17.5% (95% CI: 15.9%-19.1%)] were significantly higher than those in rural areas [9.6% (95% CI: 8.8%-10.4%)]; the prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity in East China [15.1% (95% CI: 13.3%-16.9%)] was higher than those in other regions; older residents in counties (districts) with ≥28 parks [17.3% (95% CI: 15.3%-19.2%)] the highest. The average weekly exercise time of elderly residents in China was 68.3 (95% CI: 63.5-73.2) minutes; among them, men [74.3 (95% CI: 68.1-80.5) minutes] was higher than women [62.5 (95% CI: 57.8-67.2) minutes]; urban [89.8 (95% CI: 82.0-97.7) minutes] were higher than rural [51.4 (95% CI: 46.8-56.1) minutes]. The results of the multi-factorial logistic analysis showed that factors such as: living in rural areas, lower annual household income for literacy, poorer self-rated health status, and lack of parks in the area of residence were associated with a lower prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity among elderly residents. Conclusions:The prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity among elderly residents in China is still at a low level, and exercise time needs to be improved. We should increase the publicity of "national fitness", pay attention to the disadvantaged elderly groups and provide more suitable activity places to encourage more elderly residents to participate in leisure-time physical activity.

Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are major public health concerns affecting the health of Chinese residents, and the insufficient intake of vegetables and fruit is an essential risk factor for the occurrence and development of major chronic diseases, including CVDs. A reasonable intake of vegetables fruit and different varieties have a positive significance for preventing and treating CVDs. This paper reviews the progress of recent research at home and abroad on the relationship between vegetables and fruit intake, types and methods of processing with CVDs occurrence, development, and mortality, as well as their possible mechanisms. It provides further support for promoting a proper diet, facilitating the formation of nutritionally balanced diet habits, and improving the strategies and measures for CVDs prevention and management of CVDs patients in general and high-risk populations in China.