Objective To establish in vitro the small intestinal organoid culture system and to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)on the growth of small intestinal organoids and the secretion of inflammatory factors.Methods In vitro,the small intestinal crypt cell mass of C57BL/6 mice was aseptically isolated,collected and embedded in organoid matrix.Under the support of complete medium,the small intestinal organoids with three-dimensional multi-leaf structure with small intestinal epithelioid structure were formed.The small intestinal organoids were subcultured after 5-7 d culture.On the third day after passage,the small intestinal organoids were randomly divided into different mass concentrations of LPS groups(0,150,175,200,225,250,275 and 300 mg/L).After 24 h and 48 h of LPS induction,morphological changes of small intestinal organoid growth and differentiation were observed.CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of different time points and mass concentrations of LPS on the proliferative activity of small intestinal organoids after induction of inflammation.The effects of four different mass concentrations of LPS(0,175,200 and 225 mg/L)on expression levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF),interleukin(IL)-1α,IL-6 and IL-10 in organoid culture supernatant at different times were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The mouse small intestinal organoid culture system was preliminarily constructed.After different time and mass concentration of LPS induced inflammation of small intestinal organoids,it was observed by morphology that small intestinal organoids would have different degrees of expansion and apoptosis in lumen.The proliferation,differentiation and budding of damaged intestinal epithelial crypts or intestinal stem cells were also inhibited to varying degrees,indicating that the growth of small intestinal organoids would be limited to varying degrees after induced inflammation.The proliferation activity of small intestinal organoids decreased to varying degrees after 24 h and 48 h of LPS induction at 175-225 mg/L(P＜0.05),but the cell viability was still greater than 50%.The levels of IL-1α,IL-6 and GM-CSF partially increased after induction with 200 mg/L and 225 mg/L LPS for 24 h and 48 h(P＜0.05).The level of IL-10 decreased after induction with 200 mg/L LPS for 24 h and 48 h(P＜0.05).Conclusion In this study,a model of intestinal inflammatory injury in vitro induced by LPS with different mass concentrations and time points is preliminarily constructed,which provides a more reliable research platform for the mechanism research of intestinal diseases and the screening of effective drugs in the future.

Atractylodes macrocephala, a plant of the Asteraceae family, as a commonly used traditional Chinses medicine in clinic, has the efficacy of invigorating spleen and supplementing qi, eliminating dampness and inducing diuresis, and expelling wind and dispersing cold. Moreover, it was proved that it has many pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and improving immunical ability based on the scientific researches. Atractyloside is one of its active ingredients and characteristic ingredients. In this paper, using the search terms of Baizhu lactone, sesquiterpene lactone, quality evaluation, quality control, and chemical composition, the CNKI, Weipu and PubMed literature database were searched. And relevant literature results were compared and summarized. The catagories, structural formula of atractyloside and their transformation mechanism were summarized. It was found that the content of lactone components could be affected by different processing methods, different producing locations, different harvesting season, and different growth years. It was found that for the quality evaluation of Atractylodes macrocephala, the multivariate statistical analysis combined with content determination or fingerprint establishment could be more accurate, reliable and comprehensive, among which the supervised PLS-DA with OPLS-DA analysis was better than the unsupervised PCA analysis. This literature summary could provide a beneficial reference for the quality evaluation and utilization of Atractylodes macrocephala.

Objective:To explore rehabilitation effect of hyperbaric oxygen chamber treatment on patients with sequelae of brain injury.Methods:From January 2023 to January 2024,a total of 80 patients with sequelae of brain injury were selected from The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,and they were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 40 patients in each group.The control group received conventional treatment and intervention,while the observation group was treated with hyperbaric oxygen chamber on the basis of the conventional treatment and intervention of control group.The levels of serum oxidative stress indicators,neurotrophic factor indicator,as well as neurological function,cognitive function,motor function and quality of life of the two groups were evaluated.Results:After treatment,the levels of serum oxidative stress indicators such as neutrophil gelatinase-related lipocalin(NGAL),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),reactive oxygen species(ROS)of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group(t=5.578,11.065,3.706,P<0.05),respectively,and the ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1(UCH-L1)of neurotrophic factor,neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and serum calcium-binding protein(S100-β)of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,while cerebral extraction rate of oxygen(CERO2)of serum oxidative stress indicators of observation group was significant higher than that of control group,and the differences of them were significantly(t=5.170,4.277,4.130,2.260,P<0.05),respectively.After treatment,the score of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)of observation group was lower than that of control group,and the score of Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group,and the differences of them were statistical significance(t=15.874,7.820,P<0.05),respectively.In additions,the scores of Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment(LOTCA),Simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA)upper and lower limbs of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group,and the differences of them between two groups were significant(t=14.051,4.766,8.622,P<0.05),respectively.The scores of physiological,psychological,social and environment factor of World Health Oganization Quality of Life Scale(WHOQOL-BREF)in observation group were higher than those in control group,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(t=19.968,21.979,18.077,19.695,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of hyperbaric oxygen chamber in patients with sequelae of brain injury is beneficial to adjust the levels of serum oxidative stress indicator and neurotrophic factor indicator,which can improve the deficit of neurological function,and promote the recovery of cognitive and motor functions,and improve the quality of life.

Chronic refractory wound (CRW) is one of the most challengeable issues in clinic due to complex pathogenesis, long course of disease and poor prognosis. Experts need to conduct systematic summary for the diagnosis and treatment of CRW due to complex pathogenesis and poor prognosis, and standard guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of CRW should be created. The Guideline forthe diagnosis and treatment of chronic refractory wounds in orthopedic trauma patients ( version 2023) was created by the expert group organized by the Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Chinese Orthopedic Association, Chinese Society of Traumatology, and Trauma Orthopedics and Multiple Traumatology Group of Emergency Resuscitation Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association after the clinical problems were chosen based on demand-driven principles and principles of evidence-based medicine. The guideline systematically elaborated CRW from aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, postoperative management, complication prevention and comorbidity management, and rehabilitation and health education, and 9 recommendations were finally proposed to provide a reliable clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of CRW.

Objective:To investigate the awareness rate of " 1+ 1+ 1" contracted residents in the outer suburbs of Shanghai on the extended prescription policy of the family doctor contract service, and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:From March to May, 2021, the cluster random sampling method was used to select one community health service center in Fengxian district, Shanghai, and a smart voice telephone assistant survey was conducted among the contracted residents aged 18 and above in the area, to understand their awareness of the extended prescription policy. χ2 Test was used for single factor analysis on the influence of different factors on the policy awareness of the contracted residents, while a multivariate analysis was performed by binary logistic regression, presenting P<0.05 as statistically significant. Results:A total of 13 495 " 1+ 1+ 1" contracted residents were surveyed via phone calls. Their awareness rate of extended prescription policy was 67.5% (9 115/13 495), while those with higher awareness rates were patients with ≥2 chronic diseases (92.3%), patients with 1 chronic disease (88.5%) and those aged 81 and above (88.4%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, marital status, the number of chronic diseases and signing duration were all independent factors influencing the awareness of extended prescription policy (all P<0.05), while whether the residents were key population groups presented no significant influence on the awareness of extended prescription policy ( P=0.431). Conclusions:The awareness rate of " 1+ 1+ 1" contracted residents in the outer suburbs of Shanghai to the extended prescription policy needs to be further improved and publicity should also be strengthened to extend the policy benefit coverage.

Objective:To construct a training program of blood purification specialist nurses oriented by post competence, and to explore its application effects.Methods:230 blood purification specialist nurses from 4 ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Harbin were selected as research objects from July to December 2018. The lottery method was used to randomly select nurses from two hospitals in control group ( n=110) , and nurses from the other two hospitals in experimental group ( n=120) . Control group was treated with traditional training, and experimental group was given a training program oriented by post competence. The training effect was evaluated with the score of theoretical knowledge, operational skills and Post Competency Assessment Scale for Blood Purification Specialist Nurses. Results:After training, scores of theoretical knowledge and operational skills of experimental group were higher than those of control group with statistical differences ( t=7.81, 5.05; P<0.01) . After training, the total score of the Post Competency Assessment Scale for Blood Purification Specialist Nurses of experimental group was higher than that of control group also with a statistical difference ( t=10.03, P<0.01) . Conclusions:The training program of blood purification specialist nurses oriented by post competence helps to improve nurses' theoretical knowledge, operational skills and job competence.

OBJECTIVE： To study therapeutic effects of Spider toxin oral ulcer powder on recurrent aphthous ulcer （RAU） model rats and its mechanism. METHODS： In vitro antimicrobial activity of the powder was determined by disk diffusion method. 50 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， positive group （Guilin watermelon frost， 100 mg/kg） and oral ulcer powder high-dose and low-dose groups （70， 35 mg/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for normal group， RAU model was established in the right oral submucosa of rats in other groups by acetic acid method. After modeling， administration groups were smeared with corresponding drugs on ulcers for 3 days. Normal group and model group were not treated. The ulcer surface of rats was observed and the ulcer area was measured on the 1st and 3rd days after administration. The morphological changes of ulcer tissues were observed. The serum levels of SOD， MDA， GSH， TNF-α， IL-1， IL-6 and IFN-γ were detected. The protein expressions of MMP-9， NF-κB， Caspase-3 and PARP in ulcer tissues of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： The oral ulcer powder showed obvious in vitro bacteriostasis effect. Compared with blank group， oral ulcer and histopathological changes were obvious in model group； serum levels of TNF-α， IL-1， IL-6 and MDA were increased significantly， while the levels of IFN-γ， SOD and GSH were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）； the expression of MMP-9， NF-κB， Caspase-3 and PARP in ulcer tissue were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， the ulcer area of rats in each dosage group was significantly reduced （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01） or nearly healed， the pathological changes of  tissue were significantly alleviated； serum levels of MDA， TNF-α， IL-1 and IL-6 were decreased significantly， while the levels of SOD， GSH and IFN-γ were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the expression of MMP-9， NF-κB， Caspase-3 and PARP in ulcer tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Spider toxin oral ulcer powder shows strong bacteriostasis， detumescence and repair effects， and has obvious therapeutic effect on RAU model rats. Its mechanism may be related to reducing the level of inflammatory factors， mediating the expression of apoptotic factors and regulating immune imbalance.

Objective To study the changes of six sex hormones corresponding to the follicle growth during the normal menstrual cycle of Chinese women.Methods Thirty Chinese women with regular menstrual period and average age of (28.8±3.2) years were selected for the study by Peking Union Medical College Hospital in September,2010.Growth of follicles was monitored by using transvaginal sonography.Six sex hormones,including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hormone (LH),estradiol (E2),progesterone (P),testosterone (T),and prolactin (PRL) were measured by chemoluminescence immunoassay every day during a menstrual cycle.Nonparametric statistical analysis was used.ResultsMenstrual cycle of all the patients was in the range of 25 to 39 d,with mean of (29.5 ± 3.1) d.Length of follicular phase and luteal phase was 15.3 and 14.4 d,respectively.Number of days from antral follicle to emergence of dominant follicle,and from the latter to ovulation,was 6.2 and 8.9 d,respectively.Average diameter of preovulatory follicle was 19.33 mm.Both FSH and LH reached peak on the day before ovulation.P started to increase before ovulation and remained at a high plateau from 6th to 9th day after ovulation.Both PRL and T reached peak after ovulation,near the end of a menstrual cycle.Conclusions A small rise of LH and P emerges just 1 to 2 d before ovulation,indicating the maturing of follicle.PRL and T shows cyclic changes as follicle grows.Therefore,PRL and T levels should be measured in the early follicle phases in the clinical practice so that leading the impact of menstrual cycle minimal.

Objective:To develop a UPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 5 components in Guilong Kechuanning tablets including paeoniflorin, berberine hydrochloride, alkaloid, cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde. Methods:An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm ×100 mm,1.7 μm)chromatographic column was used;the mobile phase was acetonitrile(A)–0.1% formic acid solution (B) with gradient elution (0-10 min, 85% A;10-13 min, 10% A;13-15 min, 85% A) at a flow rate of 0. 4 ml·min-1, the detection wavelengths were:0-1. 8 min, 230 nm;1. 8-6. 0 min, 345 nm;6. 0-9. 0 min, 285 nm;9. 0-12. 0 min, 345 nm, and the column temperature was 30℃. Results:The linear range of paeoniflorin, berberine hydrochloride, alkaloid, cinnamic acid and cinna-maldehyde was 0. 060-1. 202 μg(r=0. 9999),0. 100-2. 010 μg(r=0. 9999),0. 040-0. 794 μg(r=0. 9994),0. 015-0. 302 μg(r=0.9999) and 0.042-0.850 μg(r =0.9999), the average recovery (n = 6) was 99.63%,99.26%,100.17%,98.80% and 100. 26%, and the RSDs were 0. 39%,0. 97%,0. 73%,1. 00% and 0. 71%, respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple, accu-rate and reproducible. It can be used for the quality control of Guilong Kechuanning tablets.

Objective:To develop a UPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 5 components in Guilong Kechuanning tablets including paeoniflorin, berberine hydrochloride, alkaloid, cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde. Methods:An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm ×100 mm,1.7 μm)chromatographic column was used;the mobile phase was acetonitrile(A)–0.1% formic acid solution (B) with gradient elution (0-10 min, 85% A;10-13 min, 10% A;13-15 min, 85% A) at a flow rate of 0. 4 ml·min-1, the detection wavelengths were:0-1. 8 min, 230 nm;1. 8-6. 0 min, 345 nm;6. 0-9. 0 min, 285 nm;9. 0-12. 0 min, 345 nm, and the column temperature was 30℃. Results:The linear range of paeoniflorin, berberine hydrochloride, alkaloid, cinnamic acid and cinna-maldehyde was 0. 060-1. 202 μg(r=0. 9999),0. 100-2. 010 μg(r=0. 9999),0. 040-0. 794 μg(r=0. 9994),0. 015-0. 302 μg(r=0.9999) and 0.042-0.850 μg(r =0.9999), the average recovery (n = 6) was 99.63%,99.26%,100.17%,98.80% and 100. 26%, and the RSDs were 0. 39%,0. 97%,0. 73%,1. 00% and 0. 71%, respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple, accu-rate and reproducible. It can be used for the quality control of Guilong Kechuanning tablets.